GFRAL

GFRAL (GFR-alpha-like, also known as IGFBP7R1) is the dedicated receptor for GDF-15 and, unlike GFRα-1 to -3, binds no GDNF-family ligands. This GPI-anchored protein is expressed almost exclusively in the area postrema and nucleus of the solitary tract of the hindbrain, outside the blood-brain barrier. GDF-15 binding to GFRAL recruits RET and triggers signaling that suppresses appetite and induces nausea, aversion and weight loss; the pathway mediates cancer- and chronic-disease-associated cachexia as well as effects of stress and metformin. Anti-GFRAL antibodies are being developed for cachexia while GFRAL agonism is explored for obesity. Recombinant GFRAL enables these investigations.