Indoximod
Based on 11 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Indoximod (1-Methyl-D-tryptophan) is an orally active indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) pathway inhibitor. Indoximod acts as a Trp mimetic in regulating mTOR. Indoximod is an immunometabolic adjuvant used for the research of cancer.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.54%
- CAS No.: 110117-83-4
- Formula: C12H14N2O2
- Molecular Weight:218.26
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Storage:Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 2 years , -20°C, 1 year
To place orders, for customer services and technical support, please contact: MedChemExpress USA
Tel: 609-228-6898 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Protocol
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Indoximod
More- Nat Biomed Eng. 2018 Aug;2(8):578-588. [Abstract]
- Bioact Mater. 2021 Jan 14;6(7):2158-2172. [Abstract]
- Biomaterials. 2023 Oct:301:122236. [Abstract]
- Chem Eng J. 2024 Apr 24:151614.
- Adv Healthc Mater. 2022 Aug;11(16):e2102770. [Abstract]
- Free Radic Biol Med. 2025 Sep:237:251-269. [Abstract]
- Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2024 Jul 28:244:114130. [Abstract]
- iScience. 2024 Jul 14;27(8):110501. [Abstract]
- J Reprod Immunol. 2021 Nov:148:103364. [Abstract]
- Folia Biol (Praha). 2019;65(2):101-108. [Abstract]
- SSRN. 2023 Aug 29.
Customer Validation & Images
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In Vivo Efficacy Study
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In Vivo Efficacy Study
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Histological Imaging/Staining
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RT-PCR
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Bio/Physico-chemical Assay
Biological Activity
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IDO 19 μM (Ki) |
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Cell Line
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Type | Value | Description | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A549 | IC50 |
>100 μM
Compound: D-MT
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Anticancer activity against human A549 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay
Anticancer activity against human A549 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay
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[PMID: 31954880] |
| HeLa | EC50 |
110 μM
Compound: L-1MT
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Inhibition of IDO1 in IFN-gamma stimulated human HeLa cells using L-tryptophan as substrate after 24 hrs
Inhibition of IDO1 in IFN-gamma stimulated human HeLa cells using L-tryptophan as substrate after 24 hrs
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[PMID: 28526475] |
| HeLa | IC50 |
>100 μM
Compound: D-MT
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Anticancer activity against human HeLa cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay
Anticancer activity against human HeLa cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay
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[PMID: 31954880] |
| HUVEC | IC50 |
>100 μM
Compound: D-MT
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Cytotoxicity against HUVEC cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against HUVEC cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay
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[PMID: 31954880] |
| PC-3 | IC50 |
>100 μM
Compound: D-MT
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Anticancer activity against human PC3 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay
Anticancer activity against human PC3 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay
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[PMID: 31954880] |
| U-87MG ATCC | IC50 |
148.9 μM
Compound: 1-D-MT
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Inhibition of recombinant human IDO2 expressed in human U87MG cells assessed as reduction in kynurenine formation using L-tryptophan as substrate after 6 hrs by spectrophotometry
Inhibition of recombinant human IDO2 expressed in human U87MG cells assessed as reduction in kynurenine formation using L-tryptophan as substrate after 6 hrs by spectrophotometry
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[PMID: 27475108] |
The IDO inhibitor 1-methyl-tryptophan exists in two stereoisomers with potentially different biological properties. The L isomer is the more potent inhibitor of IDO activity using the purified enzyme and in HeLa cell–based assays. However, the D isomer is significantly more effective in reversing the suppression of T cells created by IDO-expressing dendritic cells. The L isomer of 1-methyl-tryptophan functioned as a competitive inhibitor (Ki=19 μM), whereas the d isomer is much less effective. The DL mixture is intermediate, with a Ki of 35 μM[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
| NCT Number | Sponsor | Condition | Start Date |
Phase
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT01329991 | Plexxikon| | 2011-05 | PHASE1 |
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 110117-83-4
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 218.26
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Formula C12H14N2O2
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
N[C@H](CC1=CN(C)C2=CC=CC=C12)C(O)=O
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Synonyms
1-Methyl-D-tryptophan; NLG-8189
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 2 years -20°C 1 year
Publications (11)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Nat Biomed Eng
TLR7/8-agonist-loaded nanoparticles promote the polarization of tumour-associated macrophages to enhance cancer immunotherapy. [Abstract]2018 Aug;2(8):578-588. PMID: 31015631 -
Bioact Mater
Antibody-activated trans-endothelial delivery of mesoporous organosilica nanomedicine augments tumor extravasation and anti-cancer immunotherapy. [Abstract]2021 Jan 14;6(7):2158-2172. PMID: 33511314 -
Biomaterials
Multifunctional 3D-printed scaffolds eradiate orthotopic osteosarcoma and promote osteogenesis via microwave thermo-chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy. [Abstract]2023 Oct:301:122236. PMID: 37506512 -
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Adv Healthc Mater
Self-Delivering Nanodrugs Developed via Small-Molecule-Directed Assembly and Macrophage Cloaking for Sonodynamic-Augmented Immunotherapy. [Abstract]2022 Aug;11(16):e2102770. PMID: 35575205 -
Free Radic Biol Med
Phospholipase A2 group IIA activates Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 to drive the progression of pulmonary fibrosis. [Abstract]2025 Sep:237:251-269. PMID: 40473047
Indoximod purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Free Radic Biol Med. 2025 Sep:237:251-269. [Abstract]
Indoximod (20 mg/kg, oral gavage, 14 days) or Varespladib (30 mg/kg, oral gavage, 14 days) resulted in significant weight gain in the BLM-induced mouse model.
Indoximod purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Free Radic Biol Med. 2025 Sep:237:251-269. [Abstract]
Indoximod (20 mg/kg, oral gavage, 14 days) or Varespladib (30 mg/kg, oral gavage, 14 days) markedly improved overall survival compared with the BLM-treated group.
Indoximod purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Free Radic Biol Med. 2025 Sep:237:251-269. [Abstract]
Indoximod (20 mg/kg, oral gavage, 14 days) or Varespladib (30 mg/kg, oral gavage, 14 days) reversed visual pulmonary injury and collagen deposition, attenuated the increase in lung coefficient, and prevented the reduction in terminal body weight in the BLM-induced mouse model.
Indoximod purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Free Radic Biol Med. 2025 Sep:237:251-269. [Abstract]
Indoximod (20 mg/kg, oral gavage, 14 days) or Varespladib (30 mg/kg, oral gavage, 14 days) reversed the BLM-induced upregulation of Pla2g2a, Ido1, Acta2, and Col1a1 gene expression.
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Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces
An injectable composite hydrogel containing polydopamine-coated curcumin nanoparticles and indoximod for the enhanced combinational chemo-photothermal-immunotherapy of breast tumors. [Abstract]2024 Jul 28:244:114130. PMID: 39121570 -
iScience
Differential immunometabolic responses to Delta and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants in golden syrian hamsters. [Abstract]2024 Jul 14;27(8):110501. PMID: 39171289 -
J Reprod Immunol
Decidual IDO+ macrophage promotes the proliferation and restricts the apoptosis of trophoblasts. [Abstract]2021 Nov:148:103364. PMID: 34482001 -
Folia Biol (Praha)
Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Regulates Th17/Treg Immunity in Experimental IgA Nephropathy. [Abstract]2019;65(2):101-108. PMID: 31464185
Indoximod purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Folia Biol (Praha). 2019;65(2):101-108. [Abstract]
Indoximod (1-MT，injected intraperitoneally, 1 mg/day, from the 8th week to the 11th week) increased renal injury in IgAN mice.
Indoximod purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Folia Biol (Praha). 2019;65(2):101-108. [Abstract]
Indoximod (1-MT，injected intraperitoneally, 1 mg/day, from the 8th week to the 11th week) promoted mesangial proliferation and collagen fibrillogenesis.
Indoximod purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Folia Biol (Praha). 2019;65(2):101-108. [Abstract]
Indoximod (1-MT，injected intraperitoneally, 1 mg/day, from the 8th week to the 11th week) promoted glomerular IgA accumulation.
Indoximod purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Folia Biol (Praha). 2019;65(2):101-108. [Abstract]
Indoximod (1-MT，injected intraperitoneally, 1 mg/day, from the 8th week to the 11th week) increased the proportion of Th17 cells and decreased the proportion of Treg cells in the kidney tissue of IgAN mice.
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Solvent & Solubility
0.5 M NaOH : 66.67 mg/mL (305.46 mM; Need ultrasonic)
H2O : 5 mg/mL (22.91 mM; ultrasonic and adjust pH to 2 with HCl)
DMSO : 0.55 mg/mL (2.52 mM; Need ultrasonic and warming; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:
It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: PBS
Solubility: 1 mg/mL (4.58 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C
Protocol
1MT enantiomers are solubilized in DMSO containing 0.1N HCl and added at concentrations of 100, 50, and 0 µM to wells containing the reaction mixture with tryptophan (0-200 µM) followed by addition of IDO enzyme. Plates are sealed and incubated 1 hr in a humidified 37°C incubator, after which the reactions are terminated by addition of 12.5 µl 30% TCA per well. Plates are then resealed in plastic wrap, incubated 30 min at 50°C to hydrolyze the reaction product N-formylkynurenine to kynurenine, and centrifuged. Supernatants are transferred to a flat-bottom 96-well plate, mixed with 100 µl Ehrlich reagent and incubated 10 min at room temperature. Absorbance at 490 nm is read[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (279 KB)
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SDS (396 KB)
- English - EN (396 KB)
- Français - FR (396 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (396 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (396 KB)
- Español - ES (396 KB)
- Swedish - SV (396 KB)
- Italian - IT (396 KB)
- Korean - KR (396 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (396 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Hou DY, et al. Inhibition of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in dendritic cells by stereoisomers of 1-methyl-tryptophancorrelates with antitumor responses. Cancer Res. 2007 Jan 15;67(2):792-801. [Content Brief]
[2]. Metz R, et al. IDO inhibits a tryptophan sufficiency signal that stimulates mTOR: A novel IDO effector pathway targeted by D-1-methyl-tryptophan. Oncoimmunology. 2012;1(9):1460-1468. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO / H2O / 0.5 M NaOH | 1 mM | 4.5817 mL | 22.9085 mL | 45.8169 mL | 114.5423 mL |
| H2O / 0.5 M NaOH | 5 mM | 0.9163 mL | 4.5817 mL | 9.1634 mL | 22.9085 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.4582 mL | 2.2908 mL | 4.5817 mL | 11.4542 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.3054 mL | 1.5272 mL | 3.0545 mL | 7.6362 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.2291 mL | 1.1454 mL | 2.2908 mL | 5.7271 mL | |
| 0.5 M NaOH | 25 mM | 0.1833 mL | 0.9163 mL | 1.8327 mL | 4.5817 mL |
| 30 mM | 0.1527 mL | 0.7636 mL | 1.5272 mL | 3.8181 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.1145 mL | 0.5727 mL | 1.1454 mL | 2.8636 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0916 mL | 0.4582 mL | 0.9163 mL | 2.2908 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0764 mL | 0.3818 mL | 0.7636 mL | 1.9090 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0573 mL | 0.2864 mL | 0.5727 mL | 1.4318 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0458 mL | 0.2291 mL | 0.4582 mL | 1.1454 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
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