Verrucarin J
Based on 2 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Verrucarin J (Muconomycin B) is a metabolite of the Myrothecium fungus family. Verrucarin J generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induces apoptosis of cancer cell lines, such as A549, HCT 116 and SW-620 cells. Verrucarin J shows activities against Candida albicans and Mucor miehei. Verrucarin J inhibits arenavirus Junin (JUNV) yield with an IC50 of 1.2 ng/mL.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity : 99.90%
- CAS No.: 4643-58-7
- Formula: C27H32O8
- Molecular Weight:484.54
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Storage:Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
- Protocols
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Verrucarin J
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Biological Activity
Description
In Vitro
Verrucarin J (0, 5, 10, 20, 50 nM; 24 hours) induces the apoptosis of A549 cells[1].
Verrucarin J (0, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 nM; 24, 48, 72 hours) significantly inhibits cell proliferation of A549 and H1793 cells with IC50 values of approximately 10 nM and 20 nM after 48 h of treatment, respectively[1].
Verrucarin J (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 μM; 24 hours) has an IC50 of 300 nM for HCT 116 and SW-620 cell proliferation[2].
Verrucarin J (0, 10, 20 nM, 48 hours) inhibits cancer stem cell (CSC) self-renewal pathways Wnt1/β-catenin and Notch1 and down-regulates the expression of key CSC specific genes (ALDH1, LGR5, OCT4 and CD133) of A549 cells[1].
Verrucarin J (compound 2; 50 μg/disk) shows noteworthy activities against Candida albicans and Mucor miehei[3].
Verrucarin J reduces JUNV yield more than 2 log units and has a similar effect against the arenavirus Tacaribe[4].
Verrucarin J reduces the cell viability of Vero cells with a cytotoxic concentration 50% (CC50) of 8.2 ng/mL[4].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only. Further protocols information, click here.
In Vivo
Verrucarin J (0.1, 0.5, 2.0 mg/kg; i.p. for three weeks) is a highly potent anticancer drug and suppresses tumor growth and metastasis[5].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:6-8 weeks old BALB/c athymic nude mice (nu/nu) with pCMV/HCT 116 and AKT/HCT 116 xenografts[2]
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Dosage:0.5 mg/kg body weight
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Administration:i.p. for 4 weeks
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Result:Reduced the expression of prosurvival markers pAKT, Notch1, p65, and Ki67 in all tumors.
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Animal Model:Female nude nu/nu (5 to 6 weeks old) mice with A2780 xenografts[5]
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Dosage:0.1, 0.5, 2.0 mg/kg (vehicle: 10% DMSO, 90% glyceryl trioctanoate)
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Administration:i.p. for three weeks after 10 days of injection of A2780 cells
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Result:Reduced tumor weight (32% lower compared to control), and reduced visible metastasis in 0.1 mg/kg.
Showed a significant reduction in visible peritoneal tumors (61% lower compared to control group) and highly reduced visible metastasis in 0.5 mg/kg.
Reduced ovarian tumor weight by 71% compared to vehicle in 0.5 mg/kg.
In lethal dose 2 mg/kg, mice sick with a swollen belly, body fluid and subsequently died within 3 treatments.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 4643-58-7
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 484.54
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Formula C27H32O8
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
CC1=C[C@@H]2[C@]3(COC(/C=C(C)/CCOC(/C=C/C=C\C(OC4[C@]3(C)[C@@]5([C@H](O2)C4)CO5)=O)=O)=O)CC1
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Synonyms
Muconomycin B
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Structure Classification
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Initial Source
Myrothecium fungus family, Stachybotrys chartarum
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Publications (2)
Protocols
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Apoptosis
Apoptosis, also called programmed cell death, is generally characterized by distinct morphological characteristics.
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TUNEL staining for apoptotic DNA fragmentation
TUNEL staining detects DNA strand breaks by using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase to add labeled nucleotides to exposed 3′-OH DNA termini, generating either microscopic staining in fixed cells or tissue sections, or fluorescence/cytometric signal in cell suspensions. TUNEL positivity reflects DNA fragmentation but should not be interpreted alone as definitive apoptosis, because TUNEL can also label necrotic, autolytic, mechanically damaged, or DNA-repair-associated DNA breaks.
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Cell Cytotoxicity Assay
Cytotoxicity assays are usually based on the assessment of cell membrane damage, which can also be indirectly detected by measuring cell viability. Detection methods include MTT assay, CKK-8 assay, LDH assay and ATP assay, etc.
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Annexin V plus membrane-impermeant dye apoptosis staining
Annexin V-based apoptosis assays rely on the detection of phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization from the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane to the outer leaflet, an early biochemical hallmark of apoptosis. Fluorescently labeled Annexin V binds PS in a calcium-dependent manner, enabling identification of early apoptotic cells by flow cytometry or fluorescence microscopy. When combined with a membrane-impermeant DNA-binding dye (e. g. , propidium iodide), this approach allows discrimination between viable (Annexin V−/dye−), early apoptotic (Annexin V+/dye−), and late apoptotic or necrotic (Annexin V+/dye+) cell populations by assessing membrane integrity and PS exposure.
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ROS/oxidative-stress fluorescent staining
ROS/oxidative-stress fluorescent staining uses cell-permeant fluorogenic probes that become fluorescent after oxidation inside cells or tissues; commonly used examples include DCFH-DA/DCFDA for broad cellular oxidant detection, DHE for superoxide-related signal detection, MitoSOX for mitochondrial superoxide-related signal detection, and CellROX probes for oxidative-stress-associated fluorescence readouts. The assay detects probe oxidation rather than a single ROS species unless the probe and analysis method have been chemically validated for that species. DCFH-DA enters cells, is deacetylated by intracellular esterases to DCFH, and produces fluorescent DCF after oxidation, so the readout is used as an operational measure of total cellular oxidative stress rather than a species-specific ROS measurement. DHE and MitoSOX can report superoxide-related oxidation, but red fluorescence alone can include non-specific ethidium-like oxidation products; HPLC or optimized spectral approaches are
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Apoptosis Solutions
Apoptosis is a regulated, generally non-lytic cell-death pathway that removes unwanted, damaged, infected, or abnormal cells through coordinated morphological changes, caspase activation, DNA fragmentation, and membrane remodeling. The intrinsic apoptosis pathway is controlled mainly by mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, BCL-2 family proteins, cytochrome c release, apoptosome formation, caspase-9 activation, and downstream executioner caspase-3/7 activation. The extrinsic apoptosis pathway is initiated by death receptors such as Fas, TNFR, and TRAIL receptors, which recruit adaptor proteins and activate caspase-8 before engaging executioner caspases or mitochondrial amplification through BID cleavage. Apoptosis is linked to many phenotypes, including cancer cell killing, tissue homeostasis, immune regulation, neurodegeneration, infection response, and treatment-induced cytotoxicity; unresolved questions include how apoptosis interacts with necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptos
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (285 KB)
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SDS (254 KB)
- English - EN (254 KB)
- Français - FR (254 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (254 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (254 KB)
- Español - ES (254 KB)
- Swedish - SV (254 KB)
- Italian - IT (254 KB)
- Korean - KR (254 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (254 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Udoh K, et al. Targeting of Lung Cancer Stem Cell Self-Renewal Pathway by a Small Molecule Verrucarin J. Stem Cell Rev Rep. 2019 Aug;15(4):601-611. [Content Brief]
[2]. Pal D, et al. Suppression of Notch1 and AKT mediated epithelial to mesenchymal transition by Verrucarin J in metastatic colon cancer. Cell Death Dis. 2018 Jul 23;9(8):798. [Content Brief]
[3]. Mondol MA, et al. Macrocyclic Trichothecenes from Myrothecium roridum Strain M10 with Motility Inhibitory and Zoosporicidal Activities against Phytophthora nicotianae. J Agric Food Chem. 2015 Oct 14;63(40):8777-86. [Content Brief]
[4]. García CC, et al, Damonte EB. Evaluation of the antiviral activity against Junin virus of macrocyclic trichothecenes produced by the hypocrealean epibiont of Baccharis coridifolia. Planta Med. 2002 Mar;68(3):209-12. [Content Brief]
[5]. Carter K, et al. Verrucarin J inhibits ovarian cancer and targets cancer stem cells. Oncotarget. 2017 Oct 6;8(54):92743-92756. [Content Brief]
Calculators
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
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