Levamisole hydrochloride
Based on 15 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Levamisole ((-)-Tetramisole) hydrochloride is an anthelmintic and immunomodulator belonging to a class of synthetic imidazothiazole derivatives. Levamisole hydrochloride has antiviral effects against HSV.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.94%
- CAS No.: 16595-80-5
- Formula: C11H13ClN2S
- Molecular Weight:240.76
-
Storage:
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture
* In solvent : -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months (sealed storage, away from moisture)
-
Biological Activity
-
Chemical Information
-
Solvent & Solubility
- Purity & Documentation
- References
-
Help & FAQs
-
Anti-Infection Compound Library
HY-L002
-
FDA-Approved Drug Library
HY-L022
-
Anti-Cancer Compound Library
HY-L025
-
Antiviral Compound Library
HY-L027
-
Drug Repurposing Compound Library
HY-L035
-
Anti-COVID-19 Compound Library
HY-L052
-
NMPA-Approved Drug Library
HY-L053
-
FDA Approved & Pharmacopeial Drug Library
HY-L066
-
Antiparasitic Compound library
HY-L082
-
Rare Diseases Drug Library
HY-L102
-
FDA-Approved Anticancer Drug Library
HY-L122
-
Heterocyclic Compound Library
HY-L138
-
Off-patent Drug Library
HY-L141
-
Highly Selective Inhibitors Library
HY-L158
-
Multi-Target Compound Library
HY-L176
-
Bioactive Compound Library Max
HY-L181
-
MCE Bioactive Compound Library
HY-L001V
-
Drug Repurposing Compound Library Plus
HY-L035P
-
FDA-Approved Drug Library Plus
HY-L022P
-
FDA-Approved Drug Library Mini
HY-L022M
-
Bioactive Compound Library
HY-L001
-
Structurally Diverse Fragment Library
HY-L187
-
High-Throughput Bioactive Compound Library
HY-L205
-
Animal Drug Library
HY-L218
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Levamisole hydrochloride
More- EBioMedicine. 2025 Sep:119:105914. [Abstract]
- Int J Biol Macromol. 2025 Apr 17;310(Pt 1):143312. [Abstract]
- ACS Environ Au. 2025 Aug 5;5(6):573-582. [Abstract]
- Emerg Contam. 2026 Feb 23.
- Anal Chem. 2025 Jun 3;97(21):11099-11109. [Abstract]
- Geroscience. 2026 Mar 5. [Abstract]
- J Ethnopharmacol. 2024 Jun 3:118406. [Abstract]
- Biomolecules. 2026 Mar 25;16(4):496. [Abstract]
- FEBS J. 2026 Apr 8. [Abstract]
- Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2023 Feb 15;37(3):e9430. [Abstract]
- bioRxiv. 2025 Nov 1.
- Phytomed Plus. 2025 Aug 23.
- bioRxiv. 2025 Jul 24.
- bioRxiv. 2023 Oct 15.
- Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Jan;30(5):12522-12531. [Abstract]
All Parasite Isoforms
More
Biological Activity
|
Parasite |
HSV-1 |
Levamisole suppresses the production of white blood cells, resulting in neutropenia and agranulocytosis. With the increasing use of levamisole as an adulterant, a number of these complications have been reported among cocaine users [1] [2]. Levamisole reversibly and noncompetitively inhibits most isoforms of alkaline phosphatase (e.g., human liver, bone, kidney, and spleen) except the intestinal and placental isoform [3]. It is thus used as an inhibitor along with substrate to reduce background alkaline phosphatase activity in biomedical assays involving detection signal amplification by intestinal alkaline phosphatase, for example in in situ hybridization or Western blot protocols. It is used to immobilize the nematode C. elegans on glass slides for imaging.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Chemical Information
-
CAS No. 16595-80-5
-
Appearance Solid
-
Molecular Weight 240.76
-
Formula C11H13ClN2S
-
Color White to off-white
-
SMILES
[H]Cl.C12=N[C@@H](C3=CC=CC=C3)CN1CCS2
-
Synonyms
(-)-Tetramisole hydrochloride
-
Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
-
Storage
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture
* In solvent : -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months (sealed storage, away from moisture)
Publications (15)
-
Journal Impact Factor
-
Most Recent
-
EBioMedicine
A strategy to re-sensitise drug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria to oxazolidinone-class antibiotics. [Abstract]2025 Sep:119:105914. PMID: 40912150 -
Int J Biol Macromol
An inulin-type fructan from Codonopsis pilosula ameliorates cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression and intestinal barrier injury in mice. [Abstract]2025 Apr 17;310(Pt 1):143312. PMID: 40250123 -
ACS Environ Au
Machine Learning-Assisted Recognition of Environmental Sulfur-Containing Chemicals in Nontargeted Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Inadequate Mass Resolution. [Abstract]2025 Aug 5;5(6):573-582. PMID: 41277996 -
-
Anal Chem
Exposome-Scale Investigation of Cl-/Br-Containing Chemicals Using High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry, Multistage Machine Learning, and Cloud Computing. [Abstract]2025 Jun 3;97(21):11099-11109. PMID: 40401576 -
Geroscience
2026 Mar 5. PMID: 41781498 -
J Ethnopharmacol
2024 Jun 3:118406. PMID: 38838923 -
Biomolecules
Immunomodulatory Effects of Periplaneta americana Oligosaccharides Through SCFA-Producing Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Regulation in Immunosuppressed Mice. [Abstract]2026 Mar 25;16(4):496. PMID: 42072618 -
FEBS J
Compromised DNA replication in gut cells underlies sensitivity to genotoxic stress in the tardigrade Hypsibius exemplaris. [Abstract]2026 Apr 8. PMID: 41949121 -
Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom
Hydroxy levamisole and its phase II conjugates as potential indicators of levamisole doping in thoroughbred horses. [Abstract]2023 Feb 15;37(3):e9430. PMID: 36382989 -
-
-
-
-
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
Fosthiazate exposure induces oxidative stress, nerve damage, and reproductive disorders in nontarget nematodes. [Abstract]2023 Jan;30(5):12522-12531. PMID: 36112285
Solvent & Solubility
H2O : 50 mg/mL (207.68 mM; Need ultrasonic)
DMSO : 15.5 mg/mL (64.38 mM; Need ultrasonic and warming; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Ethanol : 12.5 mg/mL (51.92 mM; Need ultrasonic)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% EtOH 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (5.19 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL EtOH stock solution (12.5 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% EtOH 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (5.19 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL EtOH stock solution (12.5 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% EtOH 90% Corn Oil
Solubility: ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (5.19 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL EtOH stock solution (12.5 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.
For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:
It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: PBS
Solubility: 100 mg/mL (415.35 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
-
-
-
-
Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
Purity & Documentation
-
Data Sheet (277 KB)
-
SDS (479 KB)
- English - EN (479 KB)
- Français - FR (479 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (479 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (479 KB)
- Español - ES (479 KB)
- Swedish - SV (479 KB)
- Italian - IT (479 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (479 KB)
-
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Agranulocytosis associated with cocaine use - four States, March 2008-November 2009.MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2009 Dec 18;58(49):1381-5. [Content Brief]
[2]. Zhu NY, et al. Agranulocytosis after consumption of cocaine adulterated with levamisole. Ann Intern Med. 2009 Feb 17;150(4):287-9. [Content Brief]
[3]. Van Belle H. Alkaline phosphatase. I. Kinetics and inhibition by levamisole of purified isoenzymes from humans. Clin Chem. 1976 Jul;22(7):972-6. [Content Brief]
[4]. Friedlaender MH, et al. The treatment of herpetic reinfection with levamisole. Am J Ophthalmol. 1978 Aug;86(2):245-9. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ethanol / DMSO / H2O | 1 mM | 4.1535 mL | 20.7677 mL | 41.5353 mL | 103.8383 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.8307 mL | 4.1535 mL | 8.3071 mL | 20.7677 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4154 mL | 2.0768 mL | 4.1535 mL | 10.3838 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.2769 mL | 1.3845 mL | 2.7690 mL | 6.9226 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.2077 mL | 1.0384 mL | 2.0768 mL | 5.1919 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.1661 mL | 0.8307 mL | 1.6614 mL | 4.1535 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.1385 mL | 0.6923 mL | 1.3845 mL | 3.4613 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.1038 mL | 0.5192 mL | 1.0384 mL | 2.5960 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0831 mL | 0.4154 mL | 0.8307 mL | 2.0768 mL | |
| DMSO / H2O | 60 mM | 0.0692 mL | 0.3461 mL | 0.6923 mL | 1.7306 mL |
| H2O | 80 mM | 0.0519 mL | 0.2596 mL | 0.5192 mL | 1.2980 mL |
| 100 mM | 0.0415 mL | 0.2077 mL | 0.4154 mL | 1.0384 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Powered by Bioz