Cat. No.: HY-Y1311

Malic acid

(Synonyms: Hydroxybutanedioic acid; E 296)

5 Cited Publications

Customer Review

Based on 5 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Malic acid (Hydroxybutanedioic acid) is a dicarboxylic acid that occurs naturally in fruits like apples and pears with oral activities. Malic acid plays a role in many sour or tangy foods. Malic acid is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity: 99.84%
CAS No.: 6915-15-7
Formula: C₄H₆O₅
Molecular Weight:134.09

Storage:

Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month

Malic acid Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 6915-15-7

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Top Publications Citing

Use of MCE Products

Fluorescent Dye

Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Biological Activity
- Description
- IC₅₀ & Target
- In Vitro
- Clinical Trial
Chemical Information
Publications (5)
Solvent & Solubility
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Purity & Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
Classifications
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

IC₅₀ & Target

Human Endogenous Metabolite

All Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms :

In Vitro

Malic acid can be used for metal cleaning, textile finishing, water treatment, fabric dyeing, and also for the chemical synthesis of biodegradable plastic poly beta-malic acid (PMA)^[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Clinical Trial

NCT Number	Sponsor	Condition	Start Date	Phase A549
NCT01329991	Plexxikon\|		2011-05	PHASE1

Chemical Information

CAS No. 6915-15-7
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 134.09
Formula C₄H₆O₅
Color White to off-white
SMILES

O=C(O)C(O)CC(O)=O
Synonyms

Hydroxybutanedioic acid; E 296
Structure Classification
- Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids
Initial Source
- Endogenous metabolite
- Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

Powder	-20°C	3 years
	4°C	2 years
In solvent	-80°C	6 months
	-20°C	1 month

Publications (5)

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Journal Impact Factor

Nature

Lithocholic acid phenocopies anti-ageing effects of calorie restriction. [Abstract]

2025 Jul;643(8070):192-200. PMID: 39695227
Food Chem

Discovery of novel ascorbic acid derivatives and other metabolites in fruit of Rosa roxburghii Tratt through untargeted metabolomics and feature-based molecular networking. [Abstract]

2023 Mar 30;405(Pt A):134807. PMID: 36370576
Cell Death Dis

Lactate transmission from hypoxic tumor cells promotes macrophage senescence and M2 polarization via the DNMT1-NHE7 axis to accelerate endometrial cancer progression. [Abstract]

2026 Jan 30;17(1):185. PMID: 41617670
Cell Signal

Testosterone disrupts trophoblast function and immune homeostasis via PTGER4/cAMP/RAP1 and ANXA1-FPR1 signaling in PCOS-complicated preeclampsia. [Abstract]

2026 Oct:146:112672. PMID: 42285193
Hum Cell

Exosomal miR-145-5p impairs neoadjuvant chemotherapy by suppressing TFRC-mediated macrophage iron uptake and driving M2 polarization in esophageal cancer. [Abstract]

2025 Dec 24;39(1):27. PMID: 41444464

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (745.77 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

H₂O : 100 mg/mL (745.77 mM; Need ultrasonic)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

7.4577 mL

37.2884 mL

74.5768 mL

5 mM

1.4915 mL

7.4577 mL

14.9154 mL

10 mM

0.7458 mL

3.7288 mL

7.4577 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Concentration Concentration

Volume Volume

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Dilution Calculator

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

Concentration _(start) Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start) Volume _(start)

Concentration _(final) Concentration _(final)

Volume _(final) Volume _(final)

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (15.51 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (15.51 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (15.51 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:

It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.

The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: PBS

Solubility: 110 mg/mL (820.34 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.

The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact

MedChemExpress (MCE) .

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (271 KB)
SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Korean - KR (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Zhongxue Dai, et al. Current advance in biological production of malic acid using wild type and metabolic engineered strains. Bioresour Technol. 2018 Jun:258:345-353. [Content Brief]

[2]. Dai Z, et al. Current advance in biological production of malic acid using wild type and metabolic engineered strains. Bioresour Technol. 2018 Jun;258:345-353. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
DMSO / H₂O	1 mM	7.4577 mL	37.2884 mL	74.5768 mL	186.4419 mL
	5 mM	1.4915 mL	7.4577 mL	14.9154 mL	37.2884 mL
	10 mM	0.7458 mL	3.7288 mL	7.4577 mL	18.6442 mL
	15 mM	0.4972 mL	2.4859 mL	4.9718 mL	12.4295 mL
	20 mM	0.3729 mL	1.8644 mL	3.7288 mL	9.3221 mL
	25 mM	0.2983 mL	1.4915 mL	2.9831 mL	7.4577 mL
	30 mM	0.2486 mL	1.2429 mL	2.4859 mL	6.2147 mL
	40 mM	0.1864 mL	0.9322 mL	1.8644 mL	4.6610 mL
	50 mM	0.1492 mL	0.7458 mL	1.4915 mL	3.7288 mL
	60 mM	0.1243 mL	0.6215 mL	1.2429 mL	3.1074 mL
	80 mM	0.0932 mL	0.4661 mL	0.9322 mL	2.3305 mL
	100 mM	0.0746 mL	0.3729 mL	0.7458 mL	1.8644 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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Malic acid

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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Malic acid

All Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms

Biological Activity

Chemical Information

Publications (5)

Solvent & Solubility

Purity & Documentation

References

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Malic acid Related Classifications

HY-Y1311 Related Classifications