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4,7-Didehydroneophysalin B is a steroid compound. 4,7-Didehydroneophysalin B can be isolated and purified from the natural Physalis alkekengi L. var. franchetii (Mast.) Makino.

α-D-Glucosamine 1-phosphate is a glycosyl donor analog of Glc-1-P. α-D-Glucosamine 1-phosphate acts as a glycosyl donor to produce α(1→4)-linked glucosamine chains in the enzyme-catalyzed polymerization reaction mediated by thermostable α-glucan phosphorylase. α-D-Glucosamine 1-phosphate serves as a glycosyl donor analog to generate a pentasaccharide with a glucosamine residue at the non-reducing end in the maltotetraose glucosamination reaction catalyzed by potato α-glucan phosphorylase. α-D-Glucosamine 1-phosphate is used for the synthesis of amphiphilic block polysaccharides with pH-responsive assembly/disassembly properties.

(9Z)-9,17-Octadecadiene-12,14-diyne-1,11,16-triol is a nature product that could be isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of Cassonia barteri (Araliaceae) leaves. (9Z)-9,17-Octadecadiene-12,14-diyne-1,11,16-triol has antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens, antifungal activity against Cladosporium cucumerinum, moiluscicidal activity against Biomphalaria glabrata. (9Z)-9,17-Octadecadiene-12,14-diyne-1,11,16-triol is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.

(+)-Menthofuran (compound 1) is a furan terpenoid that can be found in mint oils.

Aureusimine B (Phevalin) is a cyclic dipeptide. Aureusimine B can be produced by Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. Aureusimine B may be exploited as potential biomarker for chronic, S. aureus biofilm-based infections.

Methyl brevifolincarboxylate (Brevifolincarboxylic acid methyl ester) is a potent influenza virus PB2 cap-binding inhibitor. Methyl brevifolincarboxylate has anti-oxidant activity. Methyl brevifolincarboxylate also inhibits platelet aggregation, lipid metabolism and inflammation.

D-Ribofuranose 1-dihydrogenphosphate (Ribose 1-phosphate) dicyclohexanamine is a pentose phosphate and serves as a key intermediate metabolite in the salvage synthesis pathway of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides. In nucleotide salvage synthesis, D-Ribofuranose 1-dihydrogenphosphate dicyclohexanamine directly "transfers" the ribosyl group from purine nucleosides to pyrimidine bases, acting as a hub molecule linking nucleoside/base metabolism with pentose phosphate metabolism.

Sesquicillin A is an insecticidal antibiotic, a fungal metabolite isolated from white plantain. Sesquicillin A inhibits the growth of A. salina brine shrimp with the MIC value of 6.25 µg/mL.

Crotonyl-CoA, a high-energy acyl donor, is an intermediate in the fermentation of butyric acid, and in the metabolism of lysine and tryptophan. Crotonyl-CoA is important in the metabolism of fatty acids and amino acids. Crotonyl-CoA acts as a substrate for p300’s histone crotonyltransferase activity, competing with acetyl-CoA for p300-mediated histone acylation reactions. Crotonyl-CoA regulates global and gene-specific histone crotonylation levels in cells, with cellular concentration changes altering histone crotonylation at regulatory elements of activated genes. Crotonyl-CoA serves as the substrate for crotonyl-CoA reductase/carboxylase (CCRC)-catalyzed NADPH-mediated reduction and carbon dioxide trapping to form unusual alkylmalonyl-CoA polyketide synthase extender units. Crotonyl-CoA can be used for the research of LPS-induced inflammatory response.

Thymidine-5'-diphosphate-L-rhamnose (dTDP-L-Rhamnose) is a key activated nucleotide sugar in bacteria, with a K_D value of 13 μM for Listeria monocytogenes RmlT. Thymidine-5'-diphosphate-L-rhamnose acts as a high-energy donor for L-Rhamnose (HY-N1420), and is specifically used for the synthesis of bacterial cell wall polysaccharides, capsules and virulence factors.

Tremulacin is a 5-LOX inhibitor. Tremulacin reduces the biosynthesis of LTB₄ and slow-reacting substances of anaphylaxis. Tremulacin alleviates carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats, croton oil-induced ear edema in mice, and acetic acid-induced writhing response in mice. Tremulacin inhibits TNF-α-stimulated ROS production and MMP-1 expression, and promotes collagen secretion in human dermal fibroblasts. Tremulacin is investigated for studies on inflammation-related diseases.

3,4-Didehydroglabridin is a natural product that can be found in licorice. 3,4-Didehydroglabridin exhibits protective activities against carbon tetrachloride-induced HepG2 cells injury. 3,4-Didehydroglabridin has the potential for the research of liver injury.

Mannose 1-phosphate is a phosphorylated mannose that serves as a precursor of GDP-mannose, a constituent unit of glycosylation biosynthetic pathways. Mannose 1-phosphate increases intracellular GDP-mannose concentration, promotes normalization of lipid-linked oligosaccharide structures, and enhances the formation of mature N-glycans on cellular proteins. Mannose 1-phosphate can be used in studies related to glycosylation disorders.

5,7-Dimethoxy-2,2-dimethylchromene is a synthetic precocenoid, has potential insect control function. 5,7-Dimethoxy-2,2-dimethylchromene induces loss of pigmentation in hatching larvae of shield bug (Eurgaster integriceps).

3'-Sialyllactose (3'-SL) is a prebiotic, maintains immune homeostasis and exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effects. 3'-Sialyllactose is an ordinary carbohydrate with the lowest toxicity rating, it can be used for the research of inflammation.

Caffeoyl-CoA is a substrate of Chalcone synthase derived from rye with a K_m value of 1.45 μM.

1,11b-Dihydro-11b-hydroxymedicarpin (11b-Hydroxy-11b,1-dihydromedicarpin) is a pterocarpan from Ononis viscosa subsp. breviflora is a Medicarpin derivative. Medicarpin, a natural pterocarpan, heals cortical bone defect by activation of Notch and Wnt canonical signaling pathways. Medicarpin prevents arthritis in post-menopausal conditions by arresting the expansion of TH17 cells and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Medicarpin down-regulates pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-17A, while up-regulates anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in arthritis (CIA) model of mice.

12-O-Tiglylphorbol-13-isobutyrate is a phorbol diester constituent of Croton tiglium L. seed oil (croton oil).

Avellanin B is a fungal metabolite with pressor effect.

4-Methyl-6-phenyl-2H-pyranone can be used for the synthesis of N-hydroxypyridone derivatives, which can protect astrocytes against hydrogen peroxide-induced toxicity via improved mitochondrial functionality.