TLR9
TLR9 is an intracellular pattern-recognition receptor that detects bacterial and viral unmethylated CpG DNA and drives innate immune activation[1][2]. Mechanistically, CpG DNA induces TLR9 trafficking to lysosomal compartments, where receptor-ligand engagement recruits MyD88 and initiates inflammatory signaling[3]. Compared with related nucleic acid sensors, TLR9 recognizes CpG DNA, whereas TLR7/TLR8 mainly recognize RNA-associated ligands[4]. In disease models, mammalian nucleic acid immune complexes can activate TLR9/TLR7 pathways in plasmacytoid dendritic cells and promote systemic lupus erythematosus-related IFN-α responses[5]. Murine lupus studies further show that TLR7 and TLR9 have opposing effects on disease activity despite related endosomal localization and signaling logic[6]. For experimental applications, synthetic CpG oligodeoxynucleotide TLR9 agonists activate plasmacytoid dendritic cells, enhance B-cell differentiation, and support vaccine-adjuvant and cancer-immunotherapy research[7].- TLR9 links CpG DNA sensing to innate immunity, inflammatory cytokines, and adaptive immune priming[1][7]. - TLR9 differs from TLR7/TLR8 by prioritizing DNA recognition over RNA-associated ligand sensing[4]. - CpG ODN agonists provide practical tools for vaccine-adjuvant and tumor-immunology study design[7].
References:
- [1]. Hemmi H, et al. A Toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA. Nature. 2000 Dec 7;408(6813):740-5. [Content Brief]
- [2]. Bauer S, et al. Human TLR9 confers responsiveness to bacterial DNA via species-specific CpG motif recognition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Jul 31;98(16):9237-42. [Content Brief]
- [3]. Latz E, et al. TLR9 signals after translocating from the ER to CpG DNA in the lysosome. Nat Immunol. 2004;5(2):190-198.
- [4]. Bauer S, et al. Recognition of nucleic acid and nucleic acid analogs by Toll-like receptors 7, 8 and 9. Immunobiology. 2008;213(3-4):315-28. doi: 10.1016/j.imbio.2007.10.010. Epub 2007 Nov 28. PMID: 18406377. [Content Brief]
- [5]. Barrat FJ, et al. Nucleic acids of mammalian origin can act as endogenous ligands for Toll-like receptors and may promote systemic lupus erythematosus. J Exp Med. 2005 Oct 17;202(8):1131-9. [Content Brief]
- [6]. Christensen SR, et al. Toll-like receptor 7 and TLR9 dictate autoantibody specificity and have opposing inflammatory and regulatory roles in a murine model of lupus. Immunity. 2006 Sep;25(3):417-28. [Content Brief]
- [7]. Vollmer J, et al. Immunotherapeutic applications of CpG oligodeoxynucleotide TLR9 agonists. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2009 Mar 28;61(3):195-204. [Content Brief]
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TLR9 Related Products (45)
Related Products (45)
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ODN 1668
0 ImagesODN 1668, a class B CpG ODN (oligodeoxynucleotide), is a TLR-9 agonist. ODN 1668 has strong immune regulatory properties, can enhance the level of antibody IgG2 subtype, promote the immune response of T cells and B cells, and can be used in the study of vaccine adjuvants. In addition, CpG ODN 1668 induces an antimicrobial immune response via a CaTLR9 dependent pathway in groupers. Sequence: 5'-tccatgacgttcctgatgct-3’.
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ODN M362
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-150750CAS No.: 934655-87-5ODN M362, a class C oligodeoxynucleotide, is a TLR-9 agonist and can be used as a vaccine adjuvant. ODN M362 induces cancer cell apoptosis.
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CpG ODN 10101 sodium
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-150217APurity: 98.84%Synonyms: ODN 10101 sodiumCpG ODN 10101 sodium, a synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN), is a toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonist. CpG ODN 10101 sodium is a potent inducer of cytokine/chemokine expression ex vivo when used in combination with HH2(VQLRIRVAVIRA-NH2). CpG ODN 10101 sodium induces IFN- secretion from dendritic cells (DCs) and stimulates B-cells.CpG ODN 10101 sodium has antiviral and immunomodulatory properties that can influence chronic infection with HCV.
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CpG ODN 10101
0 ImagesSynonyms: ODN 10101CpG ODN 10101 (ODN 10101; CPG 10101) is a selective agonist targeting TLR9, a synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide modified with phosphate thioester. CpG ODN 10101 activates B cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), inducing the production of cytokines and chemokines such as interferon-IFN-α, interferon-inducible protein IP-10, and 2'5'-oligoadenylate synthase (2'5'-OAS), regulating innate immunity and promoting Th1 adaptive immune responses. CpG ODN 10101 also possesses antiviral properties and enhances vaccine immunogenicity, making it suitable as an immunomodulator and vaccine adjuvant for vaccine development in chronic hepatitis C and infectious diseases such as melioidosis, pertussis, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).
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ODN 20844
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-150736CAS No.: 1964506-29-3ODN 20844, a guanine-modified inhibitory oligonucleotide (INH-ODN), is a TLR7 and TLR9 (Toll-like receptor) inhibitor, and its parent is INH-ODN 2088. ODN 20844 disrupts TLR7- and TLR9-mediated immune cell immune responses. ODN 20844 sequence: 5'-TCCTGGCGc7GGGAAGT-3'.
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FAM-labeled ODN 1826 sodium
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-146245FPurity: 98.03%FAM-labeled ODN 1826 sodium, a class B CpG ODN (oligodeoxynucleotide), is a TLR9 agonist. FAM-labeled ODN 1826 sodium can be used to evaluate CpG ODN cellular uptake and localization by confocal laser-scanning microscopy or flow cytometry.
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ODN 24987
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-150745CAS No.: 1682661-48-8
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TLR9 antagonist 1
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-178037CAS No.: 3105410-45-2TLR9 antagonist 1 is a selective hTLR9 antagonist with an IC50 of 0.1 nM against hTLR9. TLR9 antagonist 1 exhibits favorable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. TLR9 antagonist 1 can be used in the research of systemic lupus erythematosus.
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Vidutolimod
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-148511CAS No.: 147063-80-7Synonyms: CMP-001Vidutolimod (CMP-001) is a virus-like particle containing a TLR9 activator. Vidutolimod induces human peripheral blood mononuclear cells to secrete IFNα, and upregulates the gene expression of CXCL10, PDL1, IDO and CD80. Vidutolimod activates TLR9, which in turn triggers plasmacytoid dendritic cell activation, production of IFNγ and TNFα, induction of CXCL10, and recruitment of antitumor T cells. Vidutolimod causes influenza-like symptoms, hypotension and tumor regression, and its activity depends on the presence of anti-Qβ antibodies. Vidutolimod modulates monocyte function, promotes CD4 T cell proliferation, and activates multiple immune cell types in an environment with anti-Qβ antibodies. Vidutolimod prolongs the survival of tumor-bearing mice. Vidutolimod is used in research related to advanced melanoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and advanced non-small cell lung cancer.
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ODN 24888
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-150744CAS No.: 1964506-30-6
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Tilsotolimod
0 ImagesSynonyms: IMO-2125Tilsotolimod (IMO-2125) is a TLR9 agonist. Tilsotolimod activates the TLR9 signaling pathway, triggers downstream pro-inflammatory and immunostimulatory pathways, enhances the uptake and killing of cancer cells, and induces adaptive immune responses. Tilsotolimod is applicable to research related to melanoma and colorectal cancer.
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ODN M326 sodium
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-150219ASynonyms: CpG-ODN M326 sodiumODN M326 (CpG-ODN M326) sodium is a potent TLR9 agonist. ODN M326 sodium induces TNF production and serves as a vaccine adjuvant.
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(S)-Hydroxychloroquine
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-B1370ACAS No.: 137433-24-0Synonyms: (S)-HCQ(S)-Hydroxychloroquine ((S)-HCQ) is the enantiomer of Hydroxychloroquine. Hydroxychloroquine, a synthetic antimalarial agent, inhibits Toll-like receptor 7/9 (TLR7/9) signaling, and shows efficiently inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro.
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(R)-Hydroxychloroquine
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-B1370BCAS No.: 137433-23-9Synonyms: (R)-HCQ(R)-Hydroxychloroquine is the enantiomer of Hydroxychloroquine. Hydroxychloroquine is a synthetic antimalarial agent which can also inhibit Toll-like receptor 7/9 (TLR7/9) signaling. Hydroxychloroquine is efficiently inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro.
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ETI41
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-178166CAS No.: 2773474-99-8ETI41 is an orally active, selective TLR inhibitor that targets the nucleoside-binding Site I on TLR7 (IC50 = 0.63 μM) and TLR9 (IC50 = 0.16 μM), sparing surface TLRs (including TLR1/TLR2, TLR2/TLR6, TLR4 and TLR5). ETI41 potently inhibits endosomal TLR-mediated pro-inflammatory signaling with nanomolar activity in cellular, biophysical and in vivo assays. ETI41 suppresses the expression of inflammation-associated genes and effectively ameliorates symptoms in mouse models of psoriasis, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). ETI41 can be used for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases research.
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TLR2/9 antagonist 1
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-180507CAS No.: 2377679-85-9TLR2/9 antagonist 1 (Compound 24) is a reversible covalent TLR2 (IC₅₀ = 0.5 μM (TLR2/TLR6); IC₅₀ = 0.6 μM (TLR2/TLR1)) and TLR9 (IC₅₀ = 0.32 μM) antagonist. TLR2/9 antagonist 1 has no significant effect on other TLR subtypes. TLR2/9 antagonist 1 can be used for studying central nervous system diseases and malignant tumors caused by inflammation.
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Bazlitoran
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-177617CAS No.: 1378549-07-5Synonyms: IMO-8400Bazlitoran (IMO-8400) is an oligonucleotide-based TLR7/8/9 antagonist. Bazlitoran blocks the activation of Toll-like receptors 7, 8, and 9. Bazlitoran inhibits cytokine responses mediated by Toll-like receptors 7, 8, and 9. Bazlitoran is associated with injection site reactions. Bazlitoran improves moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis.
