Cat. No.: HY-B1516

Alovudine

(Synonyms: 3'-Fluoro-3'-deoxythymidine; 3′-Deoxy-3′-fluorothymidine; FLT)

4 Cited Publications

Customer Review

Based on 4 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Alovudine (3'-Fluoro-3'-deoxythymidine) is a mtDNA synthesis inhibitor and a marker of DNA synthesis. Alovudine is less susceptible to inflammatory changes than ¹⁸F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and thus is a better biomarker in pancreatic cancer. Alovudine shows anti-orthopoxvirus and anti-leukemic activity.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity: 99.78%
CAS No.: 25526-93-6
Formula: C₁₀H₁₃FN₂O₄
Molecular Weight:244.22

Storage:

Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 2 years , -20°C, 1 year

Alovudine Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 25526-93-6

Size

Price

Stock

Quantity

Amount: USD 0.00

* Please select Quantity before adding items.

Top Publications Citing

Use of MCE Products

Fluorescent Dye

Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Biological Activity
- Description
- Cellular Effect
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
- Clinical Trial
Chemical Information
Publications (4)
Solvent & Solubility
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Purity & Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
Classifications
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

All DNA/RNA Synthesis Isoforms :

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
ATH-8 cell line	ED₅₀	1.4 μM Compound: 3a	Protection of ATH8 cells against the cytopathic effect of HIV. Protection of ATH8 cells against the cytopathic effect of HIV.	[PMID: 3497272]
CCRF-CEM	CC₅₀	>100 μM Compound: 1; FLT	Cytotoxicity in human CEM/0 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability Cytotoxicity in human CEM/0 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability	[PMID: 36099330]
CCRF-CEM	CC₅₀	0.5 mM Compound: FLT	Cytotoxic concentration required to inhibit 50% of HIV-1 in CEM cells Cytotoxic concentration required to inhibit 50% of HIV-1 in CEM cells	[PMID: 9341906]
CCRF-CEM	EC₅₀	>50 μM Compound: 1, FLT	Antiretroviral activity against HIV-2 ROD infected in thymidine kinase-deficient human CEM cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced giant cell formation after 4 to 5 days by microscopic analysis Antiretroviral activity against HIV-2 ROD infected in thymidine kinase-deficient human CEM cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced giant cell formation after 4 to 5 days by microscopic analysis	[PMID: 24751439]
CCRF-CEM	IC₅₀	>250 μM Compound: 1, FLT	Cytostatic activity against thymidine kinase-deficient human CEM cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation after 48 hrs by Coulter counter analysis Cytostatic activity against thymidine kinase-deficient human CEM cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation after 48 hrs by Coulter counter analysis	[PMID: 24751439]
CCRF-CEM	IC₅₀	39 μM Compound: 1, FLT	Cytostatic activity against human CEM/0 cells expressing thymidine kinase assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation after 48 hrs by Coulter counter analysis Cytostatic activity against human CEM/0 cells expressing thymidine kinase assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation after 48 hrs by Coulter counter analysis	[PMID: 24751439]
CEM-SS	EC₅₀	20 nM Compound: 1, FLT	Antiviral activity against HIV-1 subtype 3B infected in CEM-SS cells assessed as inhibition of viral replication after 6 days by XTT assay Antiviral activity against HIV-1 subtype 3B infected in CEM-SS cells assessed as inhibition of viral replication after 6 days by XTT assay	[PMID: 22858097]
HEL	EC₅₀	10 μM Compound: Alovudine	Antiviral activity against Human adenovirus 2 infected in HEL cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathicity Antiviral activity against Human adenovirus 2 infected in HEL cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathicity	[PMID: 27742238]
HeLa	EC₅₀	>400 μM Compound: 1, FLT, Alovudine	Cytotoxicity against human HeLa P4/R5 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HeLa P4/R5 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 22352809]
HeLa	EC₅₀	0.4 μM Compound: 1, FLT, Alovudine	Antiviral activity against HIV1 BaL infected in HeLa P4/R5 cells assessed as reduction of viral infection incubated for 2 hrs followed by incubated in drug-free medium for 46 hrs by single round infection beta-galactosidase reporter gene assay Antiviral activity against HIV1 BaL infected in HeLa P4/R5 cells assessed as reduction of viral infection incubated for 2 hrs followed by incubated in drug-free medium for 46 hrs by single round infection beta-galactosidase reporter gene assay	[PMID: 22352809]
HeLa	EC₅₀	0.8 μM Compound: 1, FLT, Alovudine	Antiviral activity against HIV1 3B infected in HeLa P4/R5 cells assessed as reduction of viral infection incubated for 2 hrs followed by incubated in drug-free medium for 46 hrs by single round infection beta-galactosidase reporter gene assay Antiviral activity against HIV1 3B infected in HeLa P4/R5 cells assessed as reduction of viral infection incubated for 2 hrs followed by incubated in drug-free medium for 46 hrs by single round infection beta-galactosidase reporter gene assay	[PMID: 22352809]
L1210	IC₅₀	0.081 μM Compound: 1, FLT	Cytostatic activity against mouse L1210 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation after 48 hrs by Coulter counter analysis Cytostatic activity against mouse L1210 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation after 48 hrs by Coulter counter analysis	[PMID: 24751439]
MT4	CC₅₀	0.197 μM Compound: FddThd	Cytotoxic concentration required to reduce the viability of normal uninfected MT-4 cells by 50% Cytotoxic concentration required to reduce the viability of normal uninfected MT-4 cells by 50%	[PMID: 1697345]
MT4	EC₅₀	0.001 μM Compound: FddThd	Effective concentration achieving 50% protection of MT-4 cells against the cytopathic effect of HIV-1 Effective concentration achieving 50% protection of MT-4 cells against the cytopathic effect of HIV-1	[PMID: 1697345]
MT4	ED₅₀	0.001 μM Compound: 1	Concentration required to affect a 50% reduction in the cytopathic effect of HIV for MT-4 cells Concentration required to affect a 50% reduction in the cytopathic effect of HIV for MT-4 cells	[PMID: 1527788]
MT4	ED₅₀	0.001 μM Compound: 3d	Dose required to inhibit cytopathic effect of human immunodeficiency virus replication in MT-4 cells. Dose required to inhibit cytopathic effect of human immunodeficiency virus replication in MT-4 cells.	[PMID: 3172142]
MT4	ED₅₀	0.001 μM Compound: FddThd	Inhibitory activity against HIV-1 replication in MT-4 cells Inhibitory activity against HIV-1 replication in MT-4 cells	[PMID: 2754700]
T-cell line	ED₅₀	0.005 μM Compound: 1	Tested for its effective dose required to inhibit the replication of HIV-1 in human T-cell line Tested for its effective dose required to inhibit the replication of HIV-1 in human T-cell line	10.1016/S0960-894X(01)81057-X

In Vitro

Alovudine (5-2000 nM, 6-10 days) depletes mitochondrial DNA, reduces mitochondrial encoded proteins, decreases basal oxygen consumption, decreases cell proliferation and viability, and promotes monocytic differentiationin in AML cells (OCI-AML2 and MV4-11)^[3].
Alovudine significantly augmentes DNA damage in BRCA1^-/- DT40 cells^[4].
Alovudine (0.5-2.5 μM, 6 days) prevents spontaneous cancer cell (MDA-MB-231) metastasis, without significant toxicity^[5].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Western Blot Analysis ^[3]

Cell Line:

OCI-AML2 and MV4-11
Concentration:

500, 2000 nM (OCI-AML2); 50, 200 nM (MV4-11)
Incubation Time:

10 days (OCI-AML2 and MV4-11 cells); 9 days (MV4-11 cells)
Result:

Increased expression of CD11b, a cell surface marker associated with monocytic differentiation.
Induced morphological changes typical of monocytic differentiation.

In Vivo

Alovudine (50 mg/kg bid, p.o., 14 days) reduces the growth of leukemia in mouse models of human leukemia^[3].
Alovudine (50-250 μM, 9 days) prevents tumour growth and metastasis in pre-clinical animals implanted into MDA-MB-231 tumour cells^[5].
Alovudine (25 mg/kg (a loading dose of 25 mg/kg in 5 minutes), i.v.) reaches the extracellular fluid of the brain not by cerebrospinal fluid, but via the cerebral capillaries in rats^[6].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Clinical Trial

NCT Number	Sponsor	Condition	Start Date	Phase A549
NCT01329991	Plexxikon\|		2011-05	PHASE1

Chemical Information

CAS No. 25526-93-6
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 244.22
Formula C₁₀H₁₃FN₂O₄
Color White to off-white
SMILES

OC[C@@H]1[C@@H](F)C[C@H](N2C(NC(C(C)=C2)=O)=O)O1
Synonyms

3'-Fluoro-3'-deoxythymidine; 3′-Deoxy-3′-fluorothymidine; FLT
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

Powder	-20°C	3 years
	4°C	2 years
In solvent	-80°C	2 years
	-20°C	1 year

Publications (4)

All

Sort by:

Journal Impact Factor

Signal Transduct Target Ther

High mtDNA content identifies oxidative phosphorylation-driven acute myeloid leukemias and represents a therapeutic vulnerability. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 14;10(1):222. PMID: 40653487
PLoS Pathog

Anti-orthopoxvirus drugs inhibit lumpy skin disease virus replication by targeting viral DNA polymerase. [Abstract]

2026 Jan 26;22(1):e1013903. PMID: 41587213
J Med Virol

Drug Repurposing: In Vitro Evaluation of Simeprevir as a Novel Antiviral Drug Against Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus. [Abstract]

2025 Oct;97(10):e70655. PMID: 41117261
Res Sq

2026 Jun 15.

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (409.46 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

H₂O : ≥ 25 mg/mL (102.37 mM)

* "≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

4.0946 mL

20.4732 mL

40.9464 mL

5 mM

0.8189 mL

4.0946 mL

8.1893 mL

10 mM

0.4095 mL

2.0473 mL

4.0946 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Concentration Concentration

Volume Volume

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Dilution Calculator

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

Concentration _(start) Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start) Volume _(start)

Concentration _(final) Concentration _(final)

Volume _(final) Volume _(final)

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (8.52 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (8.52 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (8.52 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.

The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact

MedChemExpress (MCE) .

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (281 KB)
SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Korean - KR (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Challapalli A, et al. 3'-Deoxy-3'-¹⁸F-fluorothymidine positron emission tomography as an early predictor of disease progression in patients with advanced and metastatic pancreatic cancer. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2015 May;42(6):831-40. [Content Brief]

[2]. Smee DF, et al. A review of compounds exhibiting anti-orthopoxvirus activity in animal models. Antiviral Res. 2003 Jan;57(1-2):41-52. [Content Brief]

[3]. Yehudai D, et al. The thymidine dideoxynucleoside analog, alovudine, inhibits the mitochondrial DNA polymerase γ, impairs oxidative phosphorylation and promotes monocytic differentiation in acute myeloid leukemia. Haematologica. 2019 May;104(5):963-972. [Content Brief]

[4]. Hosen Md Bayejid. Characterization of Alovudine genotoxicity and its potential implementation as an anti-cancer drug.

[5]. Mauro-Lizcano M, et al. High mitochondrial DNA content is a key determinant of stemness, proliferation, cell migration, and cancer metastasis in vivo. Cell Death Dis. 2024 Oct 11;15(10):745. [Content Brief]

[6]. Stahle L, et al. Transport of alovudine (3'-fluorothymidine) into the brain and the cerebrospinal fluid of the rat, studied by microdialysis. Life Sci. 2000 Mar 31;66(19):1805-16. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
H₂O / DMSO	1 mM	4.0946 mL	20.4732 mL	40.9464 mL	102.3659 mL
	5 mM	0.8189 mL	4.0946 mL	8.1893 mL	20.4732 mL
	10 mM	0.4095 mL	2.0473 mL	4.0946 mL	10.2366 mL
	15 mM	0.2730 mL	1.3649 mL	2.7298 mL	6.8244 mL
	20 mM	0.2047 mL	1.0237 mL	2.0473 mL	5.1183 mL
	25 mM	0.1638 mL	0.8189 mL	1.6379 mL	4.0946 mL
	30 mM	0.1365 mL	0.6824 mL	1.3649 mL	3.4122 mL
	40 mM	0.1024 mL	0.5118 mL	1.0237 mL	2.5591 mL
	50 mM	0.0819 mL	0.4095 mL	0.8189 mL	2.0473 mL
	60 mM	0.0682 mL	0.3412 mL	0.6824 mL	1.7061 mL
	80 mM	0.0512 mL	0.2559 mL	0.5118 mL	1.2796 mL
	100 mM	0.0409 mL	0.2047 mL	0.4095 mL	1.0237 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Keywords

Product Name:
Cat. No.:
Quantity:
MCE Japan Authorized Agent:

Product Name:
CAS No.:
Species:
Purity:
Quantity:

Alovudine

Anti-Infection Compound Library

Cell Cycle/DNA Damage Compound Library

Anti-Cancer Compound Library

Clinical Compound Library

Antiviral Compound Library

Anti-Aging Compound Library

Drug Repurposing Compound Library

Nucleotide Compound Library

FDA Approved & Pharmacopeial Drug Library

Anti-Pancreatic Cancer Compound Library

Anti-Blood Cancer Compound Library

Anti-Orthopoxvirus Compound Library

Anti-Hematopathy Compound Library

Bioactive Compound Library Max

MCE Bioactive Compound Library

Drug Repurposing Compound Library Plus

Clinical Compound Library Plus

Bioactive Compound Library

High-Throughput Bioactive Compound Library

3D Diverse Fragment Library

Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Alovudine

All DNA/RNA Synthesis Isoforms

Biological Activity

Chemical Information

Publications (4)

Solvent & Solubility

Purity & Documentation

References

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Alovudine

Anti-Infection Compound Library

Cell Cycle/DNA Damage Compound Library

Anti-Cancer Compound Library

Clinical Compound Library

Antiviral Compound Library

Anti-Aging Compound Library

Drug Repurposing Compound Library

Nucleotide Compound Library

FDA Approved & Pharmacopeial Drug Library

Anti-Pancreatic Cancer Compound Library

Anti-Blood Cancer Compound Library

Anti-Orthopoxvirus Compound Library

Anti-Hematopathy Compound Library

Bioactive Compound Library Max

MCE Bioactive Compound Library

Drug Repurposing Compound Library Plus

Clinical Compound Library Plus

Bioactive Compound Library

High-Throughput Bioactive Compound Library

3D Diverse Fragment Library

Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Alovudine

All DNA/RNA Synthesis Isoforms

Biological Activity

Chemical Information

Publications (4)

Solvent & Solubility

Purity & Documentation

References

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Alovudine Related Classifications

HY-B1516 Related Classifications