Cat. No.: HY-N0168

Hesperetin

Name: Hesperetin
Brand: MedChemExpress
SKU: HY-N0168
Price: 66.00 USD
Availability: InStock
Rating: 5 (30 reviews)

30 Cited Publications

Avis client

Based on 30 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Hesperetin is a natural flavanone that can be found in citrus, and acts as a potent and orally active broad-spectrum inhibitor against human UGT activity. Hesperetin induces apoptosis via p38 MAPK activation. Hesperetin displays a range of bioactivities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer. Hesperetin is found to induce cell-cycle arrest at G2/M phase. Hesperetin can reduce Bcl-2 and enhance BaxM. Hesperetin induces apoptosis through inhibiting NF-κB receptor.

Nos produits utilisent uniquement pour la recherche. Nous ne vendons pas aux patients.

Pureté : 99.12%
CAS No.: 520-33-2
Formule: C₁₆H₁₄O₆
Masse moléculaire:302.28

Stockage:

Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month

Hesperetin Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 520-33-2

Size

Prix

Stock

Quantité

Amount: USD 0.00

* Veuillez sélectionner la quantité avant d'ajouter des articles.

Top Publications Citing

Use of MCE Products

Fluorescent Dye

Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Activité biologique
- Description
- Cellular Effect
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
- Essai clinique
Chemical Information
Publications (30)
Solvant et solubilité
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Protocole (7)
Pureté et documentation
Références
Help & FAQs
Classifications
Bioz

Activité biologique

Description

Voir tous les produits spécifiques à Isoform p38 MAPK :

Voir tous les produits spécifiques à Isoform NF-κB :

Voir tous les produits spécifiques à Isoform Bcl-2 Family :

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
BJ	EC₅₀	>10 μM Compound: 3	Cytotoxicity against human BJ cells assessed as viable cells after 72 hrs by calcein AM assay Cytotoxicity against human BJ cells assessed as viable cells after 72 hrs by calcein AM assay	[PMID: 20192247]
Caco-2	IC₅₀	66.67 μM Compound: 28	Cytotoxicity in human Caco2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity in human Caco2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 28793973]
CCRF-CEM	EC₅₀	>10 μM Compound: 3	Cytotoxicity against human CEM cells assessed as viable cells after 72 hrs by calcein AM assay Cytotoxicity against human CEM cells assessed as viable cells after 72 hrs by calcein AM assay	[PMID: 20192247]
HCT-116	GI₅₀	36.1 μM Compound: Hesperetin	Anticlonogenic activity in human HCT116 cells after 6 days by crystal violet staining based assay Anticlonogenic activity in human HCT116 cells after 6 days by crystal violet staining based assay	[PMID: 27840137]
HeLa	EC₅₀	>10 μM Compound: 3	Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as viable cells after 72 hrs by calcein AM assay Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as viable cells after 72 hrs by calcein AM assay	[PMID: 20192247]
MCF7	EC₅₀	>10 μM Compound: 3	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as viable cells after 72 hrs by calcein AM assay Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as viable cells after 72 hrs by calcein AM assay	[PMID: 20192247]
Monocyte	IC₅₀	2.1 μM Compound: hesperetin	Inhibition of procoagulant activity in monocyte from human blood assessed as counteraction of IL1-induced tissue factor expression after 18 hrs Inhibition of procoagulant activity in monocyte from human blood assessed as counteraction of IL1-induced tissue factor expression after 18 hrs	[PMID: 8882428]
Monocyte	IC₅₀	2.1 x 10^-6 M Compound: hesperetin	Inhibition of procoagulant activity in monocyte from human blood assessed as counteraction of IL1-induced tissue factor expression after 18 hrs Inhibition of procoagulant activity in monocyte from human blood assessed as counteraction of IL1-induced tissue factor expression after 18 hrs	[PMID: 8882428]
PC-3	IC₅₀	40 μM Compound: Hesperetin	Antiproliferative activity against human PC3 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human PC3 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 31398616]
PC-3	IC₅₀	90 μM Compound: Hesperetin	Antiproliferative activity against human PC3 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human PC3 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 31398616]
RAW264.7	IC₅₀	48.59 μM Compound: 1; Hes	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production preincubated for 2 hrs followed by LPS stimulation and measured after 24 hrs by Griess method Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production preincubated for 2 hrs followed by LPS stimulation and measured after 24 hrs by Griess method	[PMID: 33493826]
RAW264.7	CC₅₀	>100 μM Compound: 16	Cytotoxicity against mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 33667099]
RAW264.7	IC₅₀	31.2 μM Compound: 16	Inhibition of LPS induced NO production in mouse RAW264.7 cells measured after 24 hrs by Griess reagent based assay Inhibition of LPS induced NO production in mouse RAW264.7 cells measured after 24 hrs by Griess reagent based assay	[PMID: 33667099]
RPMI-8226	EC₅₀	>10 μM Compound: 3	Cytotoxicity against human RPMI8226 cells assessed as viable cells after 72 hrs by calcein AM assay Cytotoxicity against human RPMI8226 cells assessed as viable cells after 72 hrs by calcein AM assay	[PMID: 20192247]
THP-1	EC₅₀	>10 μM Compound: 3	Cytotoxicity against human THP1 cells after 72 hrs by erythosin B staining method Cytotoxicity against human THP1 cells after 72 hrs by erythosin B staining method	[PMID: 20192247]
U-266	EC₅₀	>10 μM Compound: 3	Cytotoxicity against human U266 cells assessed as viable cells after 72 hrs by calcein AM assay Cytotoxicity against human U266 cells assessed as viable cells after 72 hrs by calcein AM assay	[PMID: 20192247]
Vero	IC₅₀	8.3 μM Compound: Hesperetin	Inhibition of SARS coronavirus 3C-like protease cis-cleavage activity transfected in african green monkey Vero cells by luciferase reporter gene assay Inhibition of SARS coronavirus 3C-like protease cis-cleavage activity transfected in african green monkey Vero cells by luciferase reporter gene assay	[PMID: 23647823]

In Vitro

Hesperetin (Compound HET) (100 μM) results in strong or moderate inhibition on 10 tested rhUGT isoforms^[2].
Hesperetin (100-800 μM, 24-48 h) significantly reduces the viabilities of U-251 and U-87 cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner^[4].
Hesperetin (200-400 μM, 24 h) significantly increases the proportion of apoptotic cells in a dose-dependent manner in U-251 cells^[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only. Further protocols information, click here.

Immunofluorescence^[4]

View Protocol

Cell Line:

U-251 cell line
Concentration:

200 and 400 μM
Incubation Time:

24 h
Result:

Resulted in significant accumulation of cell populations at the G2/M phase, with a concomitant decrease of cell populations in G1 phase and a slightly elevated population in S phase.

Cell Viability Assay^[4]

View Protocol

Cell Line:

U-251 and U-87 cells
Concentration:

100, 200, 400, 600, and 800 μM
Incubation Time:

24 and 48 h
Result:

Significantly reduced the viabilities of U-251 and U-87 cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner with IC₅₀s of 468.33 μM and 441.87 μM.

In Vivo

Hesperetin (Compound Hp) (40 mg/kg, p.o., 21 d) reversed the activities of AChE to near normal in Cd-exposed rats^[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:

Cd-exposed male albino Wistar rats (180-210 g)^[3]
Dosage:

40 mg/kg
Administration:

Oral gavage (p.o.)
Result:

Significantly reversed the activities of AChE to near normal.
Decreased the levels of LPO products in brain.
Significantly increased the levels of antioxidants in brain.
Significantly increased the activities of ATPases enzymes in brain.
Decreased the levels of Bax, cytochrome c, caspase 3 and 9 and increased the levels of Bcl2 markers.
Significantly restores the activities of mitochondrial enzyme complex I, II, III and IV.
Restored the levels of NO and OH^-.
Restored the enzyme activities in cererbrum.
Reduced the tail length, tail moment, and tail intensity.

Essai clinique

NCT Number	Sponsor	Condition	Start Date	Phase A549
NCT01329991	Plexxikon\|		2011-05	PHASE1

Chemical Information

CAS No. 520-33-2
Appearance Solid
Masse moléculaire 302.28
Formule C₁₆H₁₄O₆
Color White to off-white
SMILES

O=C1C[C@@H](C2=CC=C(OC)C(O)=C2)OC3=CC(O)=CC(O)=C13
Structure Classification
- Flavonoids
- Flavonones
Initial Source
- Plants
- other families
Livraison

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Stockage

Powder	-20°C	3 years
	4°C	2 years
In solvent	-80°C	6 months
	-20°C	1 month

Publications (30)

All IFWB

Sort by:

Journal Impact Factor

Acta Pharm Sin B

Chrysin serves as a novel inhibitor of DGK α/FAK interaction to suppress the malignancy of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). [Abstract]

2021 Jan;11(1):143-155. PMID: 33532186
Phytomedicine

Fangchinoline suppresses nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression by inhibiting SQLE to regulate the PI3K/AKT pathway dysregulation. [Abstract]

2025 May:140:156484. PMID: 40090046
Mater Today Bio

Small intracellular vesicle-liposome fusogenic nanoplatform sIVs-LPs@Hes: Nebulized delivery targeting pulmonary inflammatory microenvironment to improve ALI. [Abstract]

2026 May 29:39:103305. PMID: 42338572
Food Chem

Effects of sun drying combined with baking processes on the flavor quality of Chongqing Tuocha raw tea. [Abstract]

2025 Dec 30:497:146992. PMID: 41285060
Food Chem

Flavonoid-mediated metabolic underpinning quality variation in red bud-sport pear mutants. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 15:489:144992. PMID: 40466530
Int J Biol Macromol

Reticuline isomerase AKR1B1 with aldo-keto reductase activity and detoxification function from the insect Blaps rhynchopetera. [Abstract]

2026 Mar:352:151224. PMID: 41791543
Int J Mol Med

Hesperetin induces apoptosis in lung squamous carcinoma cells via G2/M cycle arrest, inhibition of the Notch1 pathway and activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress. [Abstract]

2025 May;55(5):77. PMID: 40084686
Antioxidants (Basel)

Hesperetin, a Promising Dietary Supplement for Preventing the Development of Calcific Aortic Valve Disease. [Abstract]

2022 Oct 24;11(11):2093. PMID: 36358465
Phytother Res

Hesperetin promotes diabetic wound healing by inhibiting ferroptosis through the activation of SIRT3. [Abstract]

2024 Mar;38(3):1478-1493. PMID: 38234096
World J Gastroenterol

Interventional effect of hesperetin on N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-induced exosomal circ008274 in affecting normal cells to promote gastric carcinogenesis. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 28;31(16):104920. PMID: 40308800
J Agric Food Chem

High-Pressure and Thermal Pasteurization Applied to Smoothies Enhances (Poly)Phenol Bioaccessibility along the Gastrointestinal Tract. [Abstract]

2025 Jun 25;73(25):15561-15578. PMID: 40497562
J Agric Food Chem

Elevated PINK1/Parkin-Dependent Mitophagy and Boosted Mitochondrial Function Mediate Protection of HepG2 Cells from Excess Palmitic Acid by Hesperetin. [Abstract]

2024 Jun 12;72(23):13039-13053. PMID: 38809522
Biochem Pharmacol

A novel hesperetin derivative DU12 targets cyclin-dependent kinase 17 (CDK17) to inhibit malignant progression of ovarian cancer. [Abstract]

2026 May 15:118069. PMID: 42142764
Ind Crops Prod

2026 May 8;246:123392.
Foods

Design of a Plant-Based Smoothie: Exploiting Ingredient Complementarity for a Diversified (Poly)phenolic Profile Quantified by Targeted LC-MS/MS Analysis. [Abstract]

2026 Apr 9;15(8):1293. PMID: 42073181
Nutrients

Hesperetin Alleviated Experimental Colitis via Regulating Ferroptosis and Gut Microbiota. [Abstract]

2024 Jul 19;16(14):2343. PMID: 39064786
Reprod Biol Endocrinol

Cyclosporin A protects JEG-3 cells against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis by inhibiting the p53 and JNK/p38 signaling pathways. [Abstract]

2020 Oct 12;18(1):100. PMID: 33046085
Eur J Pharmacol

Protective effects of hesperetin on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by targeting MD2. [Abstract]

2019 Jun 5:852:151-158. PMID: 30807747
Int J Mol Sci

Dual Targeting of HIF-1α and DLL4 by Isoxanthohumol Potentiates Immune Checkpoint Blockade. [Abstract]

2026 Feb 5;27(3):1576. PMID: 41683994
Int J Mol Sci

Hesperetin from Root Extract of Clerodendrum petasites S. Moore Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein S1 Subunit-Induced NLRP3 Inflammasome in A549 Lung Cells via Modulation of the Akt/MAPK/AP-1 Pathway. [Abstract]

2022 Sep 7;23(18):10346. PMID: 36142258
Infect Dis Ther

Computational and Experimental Studies Reveal That Thymoquinone Blocks the Entry of Coronaviruses Into In Vitro Cells. [Abstract]

2021 Mar;10(1):483-494. PMID: 33532909
Cell Signal

Upregulation of HSP72 attenuates tendon adhesion by regulating fibroblast proliferation and collagen production via blockade of the STAT3 signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2020 Jul:71:109606. PMID: 32199935
FASEB J

Hesperetin Alleviates Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis by Modulating Cellular Senescence and Promoting Impaired Autophagy in a CISD2-Dependent Manner. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 15;39(19):e71083. PMID: 41001804
BMC Genomics

Mechanism of Myh3 gene regulation of intramuscular fat content in Beijing black pigs via the MAPK signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 7;26(1):642. PMID: 40624626
Ren Fail

Hesperetin attenuates ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury by regulating ferroptosis in mice. [Abstract]

2025 Dec;47(1):2523573. PMID: 40583332
J Diabetes Investig

Mechanisms of hesperetin in alleviating diabetic nephropathy: Network pharmacology, molecular docking, and experimental validation. [Abstract]

2026 Apr;17(4):576-587. PMID: 41670033
PLoS One

Molecular mechanism of ectopic lipid accumulation induced by methylglyoxal via activation of the NRF2/PI3K/AKT pathway implicates renal lipotoxicity caused by diabetes mellitus. [Abstract]

2024 Oct 16;19(10):e0306575. PMID: 39413106
Dig Dis Sci

KISS-1, Mediated by Promoter Methylation, Suppresses Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Metastasis via MMP2/9/MAPK Axis. [Abstract]

2022 Oct;67(10):4780-4796. PMID: 34993679
Nutr Cancer

Hesperetin Induces Apoptosis in Human Glioblastoma Cells via p38 MAPK Activation. [Abstract]

2020;72(3):538-545. PMID: 31295040

Hesperetin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nutr Cancer. 2020;72(3):538-545. [Abstract]

U-251 cells are cultured with indicated concentration of Hesperetin for 24 h. Then the cells are stained with DAPI and observed under a fluorescence microscope.

Hesperetin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nutr Cancer. 2020;72(3):538-545. [Abstract]

The expression of Bax and Bcl-2 was examined by western blotting. GAPDH was served as a loading control.

Hesperetin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nutr Cancer. 2020;72(3):538-545. [Abstract]

Hesperetin induced G2/M arrest in GBM cell. Cells are treated with vehicle or various doses of hesperetin for 24 h. Whole cell lysates are immunoblotted with indicated antibodies. The protein levels of p21, CDK1, and cyclin B1 are measured by western blotting.

Hesperetin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nutr Cancer. 2020;72(3):538-545. [Abstract]

p38 MAPK activation is involved in Hesperetin-induced apoptosis. The phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, JNK, and ERK in U-21 cells treated with hesperetin is analyzed by western blotting.
Lett Drug Des Discov

2025 Aug 19.

Solvant et solubilité

In Vitro:

DMSO : 125 mg/mL (413.52 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

3.3082 mL

16.5410 mL

33.0819 mL

5 mM

0.6616 mL

3.3082 mL

6.6164 mL

10 mM

0.3308 mL

1.6541 mL

3.3082 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Calculateur de molarité

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Concentration Concentration

Volume Volume

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Calculateur de dilution

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

Concentration _(start) Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start) Volume _(start)

Concentration _(final) Concentration _(final)

Volume _(final) Volume _(final)

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.27 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.27 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.27 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

%
DMSO +

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
%
+
+
%
Tween-80 + +
%
Saline +

The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

Protocole

All Cell Biology Signal Pathway Related

Apoptosis
Apoptosis, also called programmed cell death, is generally characterized by distinct morphological characteristics.
TUNEL staining for apoptotic DNA fragmentation
TUNEL staining detects DNA strand breaks by using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase to add labeled nucleotides to exposed 3′-OH DNA termini, generating either microscopic staining in fixed cells or tissue sections, or fluorescence/cytometric signal in cell suspensions. TUNEL positivity reflects DNA fragmentation but should not be interpreted alone as definitive apoptosis, because TUNEL can also label necrotic, autolytic, mechanically damaged, or DNA-repair-associated DNA breaks.
Flow cytometric DNA-content cell-cycle staining
Flow cytometric DNA-content cell-cycle staining measures the fluorescence intensity of DNA-bound fluorochromes in single cells or nuclei to estimate DNA content distributions, allowing assignment of populations to G0/G1, S, and G2/M phases by DNA histogram deconvolution. Propidium iodide (PI) intercalates into DNA, and PI fluorescence is proportional to cellular DNA content when staining is performed under conditions that make DNA accessible and minimize non-DNA signal. Cells with G2/M DNA content are expected to show approximately twice the fluorescence intensity of G0/G1 cells, while S-phase cells occupy intermediate fluorescence values. PI-based DNA-content analysis can also detect cells with fractional DNA content, often reported as sub-G1, when DNA fragmentation and extraction during staining reduce retained DNA signal in apoptotic cells. DAPI is an alternative DNA fluorochrome for univariate DNA-content analysis, while bivariate approaches combining DNA content with proliferation
Annexin V plus membrane-impermeant dye apoptosis staining
Annexin V-based apoptosis assays rely on the detection of phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization from the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane to the outer leaflet, an early biochemical hallmark of apoptosis. Fluorescently labeled Annexin V binds PS in a calcium-dependent manner, enabling identification of early apoptotic cells by flow cytometry or fluorescence microscopy. When combined with a membrane-impermeant DNA-binding dye (e. g. , propidium iodide), this approach allows discrimination between viable (Annexin V−/dye−), early apoptotic (Annexin V+/dye−), and late apoptotic or necrotic (Annexin V+/dye+) cell populations by assessing membrane integrity and PS exposure.
Apoptosis Solutions
Apoptosis is a regulated, generally non-lytic cell-death pathway that removes unwanted, damaged, infected, or abnormal cells through coordinated morphological changes, caspase activation, DNA fragmentation, and membrane remodeling. The intrinsic apoptosis pathway is controlled mainly by mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, BCL-2 family proteins, cytochrome c release, apoptosome formation, caspase-9 activation, and downstream executioner caspase-3/7 activation. The extrinsic apoptosis pathway is initiated by death receptors such as Fas, TNFR, and TRAIL receptors, which recruit adaptor proteins and activate caspase-8 before engaging executioner caspases or mitochondrial amplification through BID cleavage. Apoptosis is linked to many phenotypes, including cancer cell killing, tissue homeostasis, immune regulation, neurodegeneration, infection response, and treatment-induced cytotoxicity; unresolved questions include how apoptosis interacts with necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptos
Protocol for Cell Cycle
Cell-cycle analysis by flow cytometry measures DNA content in single cells to estimate the fraction of cells in G0/G1, S, and G2/M phases. Propidium iodide intercalates into DNA, and after RNA removal with RNase, fluorescence intensity reflects cellular DNA content: 2N cells are assigned to G0/G1, cells between 2N and 4N to S phase, and 4N cells to G2/M. DNA-content analysis alone cannot reliably separate G0 from G1 or G2 from M. Ki-67 can distinguish quiescent G0 cells from cycling cells, EdU or BrdU incorporation marks active DNA synthesis in S phase, and phospho-histone H3 staining identifies mitotic cells within the 4N population.
Research Protocol for Inflammation-related Diseases
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a cytosolic innate immune signaling platform that integrates priming signals and danger-signal activation to promote caspase-1 activation, maturation of IL-1β and IL-18, and gasdermin D-mediated pyroptotic cell death. The core experimental logic is to determine whether inflammatory disease phenotypes are driven by increased NLRP3 expression, ASC-containing inflammasome assembly, caspase-1 cleavage, GSDMD cleavage, and extracellular release of IL-1β/IL-18 rather than by nonspecific cell injury alone. The pathway is strongly linked to inflammation-related disease phenotypes because monosodium urate crystals activate NALP3/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in gout-like crystal inflammation, cholesterol crystals activate NLRP3 inflammasomes in atherogenesis models, and DSS-induced intestinal inflammation has been reported to involve NLRP3 inflammasome activity. However, experimental colitis studies also show context-dependent protective effects of NLRP3 inflammasome co

Pureté et documentation

Select Batch:

Pureté: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Fiche technique (279 KB)
SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Korean - KR (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Instruction de manipulation (2659 KB)

Références

[1]. Arya A, et al. Bioflavonoid hesperetin overcome bicalutamide induced toxicity by co-delivery in novel SNEDDS formulations: Optimization, in vivo evaluation and uptake mechanism. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2017 Feb 1;71:954-964 [Content Brief]

[2]. Liu D, et al. Inhibitory Effect of Hesperetin and Naringenin on Human UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase Enzymes: Implications for Herb-Drug Interactions. Biol Pharm Bull. 2016;39(12):2052-2059. [Content Brief]

[3]. Shagirtha K, et al. Neuroprotective efficacy of hesperetin against cadmium induced oxidative stress in the brain of rats. Toxicol Ind Health. 2016 Nov 1. pii: 0748233716665301 [Content Brief]

[4]. Li Q, et al. Hesperetin Induces Apoptosis in Human Glioblastoma Cells via p38 MAPK Activation. Nutr Cancer. 2019 Jul 11:1-8. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
DMSO	1 mM	3.3082 mL	16.5410 mL	33.0819 mL	82.7048 mL
	5 mM	0.6616 mL	3.3082 mL	6.6164 mL	16.5410 mL
	10 mM	0.3308 mL	1.6541 mL	3.3082 mL	8.2705 mL
	15 mM	0.2205 mL	1.1027 mL	2.2055 mL	5.5137 mL
	20 mM	0.1654 mL	0.8270 mL	1.6541 mL	4.1352 mL
	25 mM	0.1323 mL	0.6616 mL	1.3233 mL	3.3082 mL
	30 mM	0.1103 mL	0.5514 mL	1.1027 mL	2.7568 mL
	40 mM	0.0827 mL	0.4135 mL	0.8270 mL	2.0676 mL
	50 mM	0.0662 mL	0.3308 mL	0.6616 mL	1.6541 mL
	60 mM	0.0551 mL	0.2757 mL	0.5514 mL	1.3784 mL
	80 mM	0.0414 mL	0.2068 mL	0.4135 mL	1.0338 mL
	100 mM	0.0331 mL	0.1654 mL	0.3308 mL	0.8270 mL

Bioz

Keywords

Hesperetin

30 Cited Publications

100 mg Obtenir un devis

Subscribe to the

MedChemExpress

Newsletter

Nom du produit:
Cat. No.:
Quantité:
MCE Japan Authorized Agent:

Nom du produit:
CAS No.:
Species:
Pureté:
Quantité:

Hesperetin

Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Hesperetin

Voir tous les produits spécifiques à Isoform p38 MAPK

Voir tous les produits spécifiques à Isoform NF-κB

Voir tous les produits spécifiques à Isoform Bcl-2 Family