Cat. No.: HY-101036

Choline (bitartrate)

4 Cited Publications

Customer Review

Based on 4 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Choline bitartrate is a vitamin-like essential nutrient, can affect diseases such as liver disease, atherosclerosis and neurological disorders. Choline bitartrate is a precursor for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, as a methyl donor in various metabolic processes, and in lipid metabolism.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity: 98.0%
CAS No.: 87-67-2
Formula: C₉H₁₉NO₇
Molecular Weight:253.25

Storage:

4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)

Choline (bitartrate) Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 87-67-2

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Top Publications Citing

Use of MCE Products

Fluorescent Dye

Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Biological Activity
- Description
- IC₅₀ & Target
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Chemical Information
Publications (4)
Solvent & Solubility
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Purity & Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
Classifications
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

Choline bitartrate is a vitamin-like essential nutrient, can affect diseases such as liver disease, atherosclerosis and neurological disorders^[1]^[2]. Choline bitartrate is a precursor for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, as a methyl donor in various metabolic processes, and in lipid metabolism^[3].

IC₅₀ & Target

Human Endogenous Metabolite

All mAChR Isoforms :

All Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms :

In Vitro

Choline serves as a precursor component to two major cell membrane components: phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin in vitro^[3].
Choline is also a major source for methyl groups via its metabolite, betaine, which participates in S-adenosylmethionine synthesis pathways^[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

In Vivo

Choline bitartrate (oral gavage; 300 mg/kg vs. 5 g/kg) is administrated. Choline restriction (300 mg/kg) provokes robust ketosis and weight loss in mice, also causes significant hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and cellular injury. when Choline is repleted, moderate ketosis and hepatic fat accumulation can be attenuated^[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Chemical Information

CAS No. 87-67-2
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 253.25
Formula C₉H₁₉NO₇
Color White to off-white
SMILES

OCC[N+](C)(C)C.O=C(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O
Structure Classification
- Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids
Initial Source
- Animals
human milk
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage

4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)

Publications (4)

All Cell Proliferation/Viability AssayCell Migration/Invasion AssayRT-PCRIn Vivo Efficacy Study

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Journal Impact Factor

Cell Death Dis

DHRS2 inhibits cell growth and metastasis in ovarian cancer by downregulation of CHKα to disrupt choline metabolism. [Abstract]

2022 Oct 3;13(10):845. PMID: 36192391
Phytomedicine

Motherwort synergized with oxytocin for postpartum hemorrhage prevention: Integrated clinical efficacy and mechanism exploration. [Abstract]

2025 Sep:145:156951. PMID: 40527062
J Hazard Mater

EHDPP impairs intestinal microbiota homeostasis and induces placental injury through choline mediated gut-placenta axis. [Abstract]

2025 Jun 5:489:137573. PMID: 40007358

Choline (bitartrate) purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Hazard Mater. 2025 Jun 5:489:137573. [Abstract]

Choline (30 μM, 24 h) demonstrated no cytotoxic effects but partially mitigated the inhibition of cell viability induced by EHDPP in HTR-8/SVneo and JEG-3 cells.

Choline (bitartrate) purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Hazard Mater. 2025 Jun 5:489:137573. [Abstract]

Choline (30 μM, 24 h) reversed EHDPP-induced cell migration inhibition in HTR-8/SVneo cells.

Choline (bitartrate) purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Hazard Mater. 2025 Jun 5:489:137573. [Abstract]

Choline (30 μM, 24 h) reversed the EHDPP-induced decrease of mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in HTR-8/SVneo cells.

Choline (bitartrate) purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Hazard Mater. 2025 Jun 5:489:137573. [Abstract]

Choline supplementation (25 mM choline-containing water for 31.5 days) significantly increased uterine size, fetal weight, placental weight, and placental diameter that were reduced by EHDPP exposure.

Choline (bitartrate) purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Hazard Mater. 2025 Jun 5:489:137573. [Abstract]

Choline supplementation (25 mM choline-containing water for 31.5 days) alleviated the decrease in mRNA expression of the proliferation marker Ki67 and the vascular differentiation marker CD31 induced by EHDPP.
Antioxidants (Basel)

Role of Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy and Lipophagy in Baicalin and N-Acetylcysteine Mitigation of Cadmium-Induced Lipid Accumulation in Liver. [Abstract]

2024 Jan 17;13(1):115. PMID: 38247538

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

H₂O : 120 mg/mL (473.84 mM; Need ultrasonic)

DMSO : 55 mg/mL (217.18 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

3.9487 mL

19.7433 mL

39.4867 mL

5 mM

0.7897 mL

3.9487 mL

7.8973 mL

10 mM

0.3949 mL

1.9743 mL

3.9487 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Concentration Concentration

Volume Volume

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Dilution Calculator

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

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In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 2.75 mg/mL (10.86 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.75 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (27.5 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: ≥ 2.75 mg/mL (10.86 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.75 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (27.5 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 2.75 mg/mL (10.86 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.75 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (27.5 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:

It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.

The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: PBS

Solubility: 100 mg/mL (394.87 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.

The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact

MedChemExpress (MCE) .

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (280 KB)
SDS (394 KB)
- English - EN (394 KB)
- Français - FR (394 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (394 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (394 KB)
- Español - ES (394 KB)
- Swedish - SV (394 KB)
- Italian - IT (394 KB)
- Korean - KR (394 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (394 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Hollenbeck CB, et al. An introduction to the nutrition and metabolism of choline. Cent Nerv Syst Agents Med Chem. 2012 Jun;12(2):100-13. [Content Brief]

[2]. Corbin KD, et al. Choline metabolism provides novel insights into nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and its progression. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2012 Mar;28(2):159-65. [Content Brief]

[3]. Shinobu Kuwae, et al. Development of a chemically defined platform fed-batch culture media for monoclonal antibody-producing CHO cell lines with optimized choline content. Cytotechnology. 2018 Jun;70(3):939-948. [Content Brief]

[4]. Rebecca C Schugar, et al. Role of choline deficiency in the Fatty liver phenotype of mice fed a low protein, very low carbohydrate ketogenic diet. PLoS One. 2013 Aug 29;8(8):e74806. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
DMSO / H₂O	1 mM	3.9487 mL	19.7433 mL	39.4867 mL	98.7167 mL
	5 mM	0.7897 mL	3.9487 mL	7.8973 mL	19.7433 mL
	10 mM	0.3949 mL	1.9743 mL	3.9487 mL	9.8717 mL
	15 mM	0.2632 mL	1.3162 mL	2.6324 mL	6.5811 mL
	20 mM	0.1974 mL	0.9872 mL	1.9743 mL	4.9358 mL
	25 mM	0.1579 mL	0.7897 mL	1.5795 mL	3.9487 mL
	30 mM	0.1316 mL	0.6581 mL	1.3162 mL	3.2906 mL
	40 mM	0.0987 mL	0.4936 mL	0.9872 mL	2.4679 mL
	50 mM	0.0790 mL	0.3949 mL	0.7897 mL	1.9743 mL
	60 mM	0.0658 mL	0.3291 mL	0.6581 mL	1.6453 mL
	80 mM	0.0494 mL	0.2468 mL	0.4936 mL	1.2340 mL
	100 mM	0.0395 mL	0.1974 mL	0.3949 mL	0.9872 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Keywords

Choline (bitartrate)

4 Cited Publications

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Choline (bitartrate)

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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Choline (bitartrate)

All mAChR Isoforms

All Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms

Biological Activity

Chemical Information

Publications (4)

Solvent & Solubility

Purity & Documentation

References

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Choline (bitartrate) Related Classifications

HY-101036 Related Classifications