Citric acid monohydrate
Based on 10 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Citric acid monohydrate is a natural preservative and food tartness enhancer. Citric acid monohydrate induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and S phase in HaCaT cells. Citric acid monohydrate cause oxidative damage of the liver by means of the decrease of antioxidative enzyme activities. Citric acid monohydrate is also an acidulant, emulsifier, sequestrant and buffering agent widely used across many industries.
商品は「研究用試薬」です。人や動物の医療用・臨床診断用・食品用の製品ではありません。
研究用途以外に使用した場合、当社は一切の責任を負いかねます。
- 純度 : 98.0%
- CAS 番号: 5949-29-1
- 分子式: C6H10O8
- 分子量:210.14
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保管条件:
Store at room temperature, keep dry and cool.
In solvent -80°C, 1 year , -20°C, 6 months
To place orders, for customer services and technical support, please contact: MedChemExpress USA
Tel: 609-228-6898 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]
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生物活性
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化学情報
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溶剤 & 溶解度
- プロトコル
- 純度とドキュメンテーション
- 参考文献
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Help & FAQs
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MedChemExpress（MCE）の使用を引用している文献 Citric acid monohydrate
More- Nature. 2025 Jul;643(8070):192-200. [Abstract]
- Mol Cancer. 2025 Oct 2;24(1):238. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep Med. 2026 Feb 17;7(2):102621. [Abstract]
- Food Chem. 2025 Oct 15:489:144992. [Abstract]
- Food Chem. 2023 Mar 30;405(Pt A):134807. [Abstract]
- Food Res Int. 2026 Feb 6.
- Life Sci. 2024 Jun 15:347:122682. [Abstract]
- BMC Complement Med Ther. 2026 Apr 2;26(1):177. [Abstract]
- J Sep Sci. 2025 Nov;48(11):e70312. [Abstract]
- New J Chem. 03 Aug 2022.
Endogenous Metabolite アイソフォーム固有の製品をすべて表示
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生物活性
製品説明
IC50 & Target
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Human Endogenous Metabolite |
体外実験
Citric acid (0-12.5 mM; 24 h) monohydrate shows antiproliferative activity in a dose dependent manner[3].
Citric acid (12.5 mM; 72 h) monohydrate induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and S phase in a dosedependent manner[3].
Citric acid (12.5 mM; 48 h) monohydrate increases the expression of FAS, BAX, BID, AIF, EndoG, cytochrome c, PARP, GADD153, GRP78 and caspase-3, -8, -9, and decreases of BCL-2 and BCL-Xl[3].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Cell Line:HaCaT cells
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Concentration:0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5 mM
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Incubation Time:24 h
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Result:Inhibited the cell viability in a dose dependent manner.
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Cell Line:HaCaT cells
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Concentration:12.5 mM
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Incubation Time:0, 12, 24, 48, 72 h
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Result:Induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and S phase in a dosedependent manner.
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Cell Line:HaCaT cells
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Concentration:12.5 mM
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Incubation Time:12, 24, 48 h
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Result:Increased the expression of FAS, BAX, BID, AIF, EndoG, cytochrome c, PARP, GADD153, GRP78 and caspase-3, -8, -9, and decreased of BCL-2 and BCL-Xl.
体内実験
Citric acid (120, 240, and 480 mg/kg; i.p.) monohydrate induces apoptosis by increases caspase-3 activity in a dose-dependent manner in mouse hepatocytes[1].
Citric acid (120, 240, and 480 mg/kg; i.p.; weekly for 3 weeks) monohydrate causes renal toxicity in mice[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:20 g male Kunming mice[2]
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Dosage:120, 240, 480 mg/kg
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Administration:I.p.; weekly for 3 weeks
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Result:T-SOD and GSH-Px activities in the treated groups decreased with increasing doses of citric acid, NOS activity tended to increase, and H2O2 and MDA contents gradually decreased.
- EdU Incorporation Assay (Click Chemistry-Based DNA Synthesis Measurement)
- Detection of Apoptosis
- TUNEL staining for apoptotic DNA fragmentation
- Flow cytometric DNA-content cell-cycle staining
- Annexin V plus membrane-impermeant dye apoptosis staining
- BrdU Incorporation Assay
- ROS/oxidative-stress fluorescent staining
- Apoptosis Solutions
- Protocol for Cell Cycle
化学情報
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CAS 番号 5949-29-1
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性状 Solid
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分子量 210.14
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分子式 C6H10O8
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
O=C(CC(C(O)=O)(O)CC(O)=O)O.O
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Initial Source
Aspergillus niger
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輸送条件
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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保管条件
Store at room temperature, keep dry and cool
In solvent -80°C 1 year -20°C 6 months
Publications (10)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Nature
2025 Jul;643(8070):192-200. PMID: 39695227 -
Mol Cancer
Hsa_circ_0038737 promotes PARPi resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer via IGF2BP3-mediated DNPH1 mRNA stabilization. [Abstract]2025 Oct 2;24(1):238. PMID: 41039575 -
Cell Rep Med
Bacterial vesicles from intratumoral L. salivarius enhance PD-1 blockade via FPR1-mediated macrophage polarization in gastric cancer. [Abstract]2026 Feb 17;7(2):102621. PMID: 41707647 -
Food Chem
Flavonoid-mediated metabolic underpinning quality variation in red bud-sport pear mutants. [Abstract]2025 Oct 15:489:144992. PMID: 40466530 -
Food Chem
Discovery of novel ascorbic acid derivatives and other metabolites in fruit of Rosa roxburghii Tratt through untargeted metabolomics and feature-based molecular networking. [Abstract]2023 Mar 30;405(Pt A):134807. PMID: 36370576 -
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Life Sci
Homogentisic acid metabolism inhibits papillary thyroid carcinoma proliferation through ROS and p21-induced cell cycle arrest. [Abstract]2024 Jun 15:347:122682. PMID: 38702025 -
BMC Complement Med Ther
Hepatotoxicity prediction for traditional Chinese medicine: a two-step in silico framework integrating network and machine learning approaches. [Abstract]2026 Apr 2;26(1):177. PMID: 41923057 -
J Sep Sci
Cell Metabolomics Reveals the Hepatotoxic Mechanism of Copper in Normal Rat Liver Cells Using Reversed-Phase and Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. [Abstract]2025 Nov;48(11):e70312. PMID: 41172059 -
溶剤 & 溶解度
体外:
H2O : 200 mg/mL (951.75 mM; Need ultrasonic)
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (475.87 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
濃度 (開始) × 体積 (開始) = 濃度 (終了) × 体積 (終了)
体内:
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (11.90 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (11.90 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
純度とドキュメンテーション
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データシート (281 KB)
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SDS (393 KB)
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取扱説明書 (2659 KB)
参考文献
[1]. Chen X, et al. Study on injury effect of food additive citric acid on liver tissue in mice. Cytotechnology. 2014 Mar;66(2):275-82. [Content Brief]
[2]. Chen X, Lv Q, Liu Y, Deng W. Effects of the food additive, citric acid, on kidney cells of mice. Biotech Histochem. 2015 Jan;90(1):38-44. [Content Brief]
[3]. Ying TH, et al. Citric acid induces cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis of human immortalized keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) via caspase- and mitochondrial-dependent signaling pathways. Anticancer Res. 2013 Oct;33(10):4411-20. [Content Brief]
[4]. Ciriminna R, et al. Citric acid: emerging applications of key biotechnology industrial product. Chem Cent J. 2017 Mar 8;11:22. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO / H2O | 1 mM | 4.7587 mL | 23.7937 mL | 47.5873 mL | 118.9683 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.9517 mL | 4.7587 mL | 9.5175 mL | 23.7937 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4759 mL | 2.3794 mL | 4.7587 mL | 11.8968 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.3172 mL | 1.5862 mL | 3.1725 mL | 7.9312 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.2379 mL | 1.1897 mL | 2.3794 mL | 5.9484 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.1903 mL | 0.9517 mL | 1.9035 mL | 4.7587 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.1586 mL | 0.7931 mL | 1.5862 mL | 3.9656 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.1190 mL | 0.5948 mL | 1.1897 mL | 2.9742 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0952 mL | 0.4759 mL | 0.9517 mL | 2.3794 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0793 mL | 0.3966 mL | 0.7931 mL | 1.9828 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0595 mL | 0.2974 mL | 0.5948 mL | 1.4871 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0476 mL | 0.2379 mL | 0.4759 mL | 1.1897 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Citric acid monohydrate 関連分類
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