Fluorescent Lipids

Laurdan is a membrane-permeable fluorescent probe that displays spectral sensitivity to the phospholipid phase of the cell membrane to which it is bound. Quantitation of generalized polarization (GP) of Laurdan can be used to identify phospholipid phase (Ex/Em = 370/440-490 nm).

The Golgi apparatus is composed of flattened vesicles superimposed on each other by unit membranes. The flattened vesicles are round with expanded and perforated edges. The Golgi fluorescent probe is a BODIPY-labeled ceramide derivative, the synthesis of which occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum and can then be transported to the Golgi via ceramide transport protein (CERT) or vesicular translocation, allowing specific labeling of the dye. BODIPY Fl C5-Ceramide is a Golgi-specific green fluorescent dye, which can visualise individual cells. Ex/Em= 505 nm/512 nm.

Fluoresterol (22-NBD Cholesterol) is a cholesterol-specific fluorescent probe with cholesterol-mimicking binding properties. Fluoresterol is ineffective orally and does not cross the blood-brain barrier. Fluoresterol specifically binds to cholesterol transport-related proteins (such as ABCA1 and ABCG1) and is primarily used in cholesterol metabolism research, particularly for the visualization and quantitative analysis of cholesterol absorption, efflux, intracellular transport efficiency, and reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) processes. The commonly used concentration of Fluoresterol in in vitro experiments is 0.1-10 μM, and the commonly used dose in in vivo experiments is 5-20 mg/kg (gavage or intraperitoneal injection), with excitation/emission wavelengths of 472/540 nm. Fluoresterol can be applied to the study of cholesterol metabolism mechanisms related to hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

18:1 Liss Rhod (18:1 Lissamine rhodamine) PE is a fluorescent phospholipid and fluorescent probe.18:1 Liss Rhod PE admixes into phospholipid inks for large-scale monitoring of dip-pen nanolithography-generated lithographic structures via fluorescence microscopy.18:1 Liss Rhod PE undergoes phase separation or self-quenching under certain conditions in thin lipid membrane stacks.

C-Laurdan is a modified Laurdan (HY-D0080) probe that imaging lipid rafts with environmentally sensitive fluorescence. C-Laurdan can be used in research of lipid arrangement and fluidity in biological membranes or artificial lipid membranes.

BODIPY FL-DHPE is a fluorescent lipid probe composed of phosphatidylethanolamine (DHPE) labeled with a BODIPY FL fluorophore, which is used for fluorescent labeling of cell membranes, differentiation between liposome membrane fusion and endocytic pathways, and studies of membrane dynamics. The two C16 alkyl chains of BODIPY FL-DHPE insert into the lipid bilayer of membranes, and its fluorescence exhibits concentration dependence: it exists as monomers and emits green fluorescence at low mole fractions; it forms dimers with a red-shifted emission peak at high mole fractions; this spectral change is independent of enzymes, pH, and membrane potential. When liposomes enter the plasma membrane via membrane fusion, the dye is diluted, leading to attenuation of the dimer peak and enhancement of the monomer peak; when entry occurs via endocytosis, the dye remains in endosomes at high concentration with no change in the dimer peak, allowing differentiation between the two uptake pathways. Ex = 488 nm; monomer Em = 515 nm, dimer Em ≈ 620 nm.

C6 NBD Ceramide is a Golgi apparatus fluorescent probe with cell membrane permeability. C6 NBD Ceramide can be used for fast and convenient green fluorescent labeling of Golgi in living and fixed cells, and can be used to observe changes in Golgi morphology in living cells (Ex=466 nm, Em=536 nm). C6-NBD-ceramide is metabolized to fluorescent sphingomyelin and glucosylceramide, can be used for the study of sphingolipid transport and metabolic mechanism.

C6 NBD Glucosylceramide is a glucosylceramide fluorescent derivative (Ex=466 nm, Em=535 nm). C6 NBD Glucosylceramide can be used to study the metabolism and internalization of glucosylceramide and also for the determination of glucosyl ceramide synthase activity.

Cy5-DSPE chloride is a far-infrared fluorescent phospholipid (λex/λem = 600/665 nm). Cy5-DSPE chloride is used to label liposomes, membranes and lipid nanoparticles, and can be applied to tracking and imaging studies of liposomes.

The Golgi apparatus is composed of flattened vesicles superimposed on each other by unit membranes. The flattened vesicles are round with expanded and perforated edges. The Golgi fluorescent probe is a BODIPY-labeled ceramide derivative, the synthesis of which occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum and can then be transported to the Golgi via ceramide transport protein (CERT) or vesicular translocation, allowing specific labeling of the dye. BODIPY TR Ceramide (Golgi-Red Tracke) is a Golgi-specific fluorescent dye, which can visualise individual cells. Ex/Em=589 nm/616 nm.

4-Methylumbelliferyl palmitate is an excellent fluorophore for measuring acid lipase in human leukocytes. Acidity and solvent have important influence on its fluorescence. 4-Methylumbelliferyl palmitate exists mainly as neutral molecular form which can be produced strong fluorescence at 445 nm in near neutral aqueous solutions, and exist mainly as anion form which can be produced stronger fluorescence at 445 nm in weak alkaline solutions.

C6 NBD Sphingomyelin is a fluorescent short-chain analogue of Sphingomyelin (HY-113498). Chlamydia trachomatis acquires C6 NBD Sphingomyelin endogenously synthesizes from C6-NBD-ceramide and transportes to the chlamydial inclusion. C6 NBD Sphingomyelin can incorporate into the plasma membrane.

25-NBD Cholesterol is a fluorescently labeled form of cholesterol that facilitates the distinction between exogenous and endogenous cholesterol within bacterial cell membranes, emitting green fluorescence signals.

3-C12-NBD-cholesterol is a fluorescent cholesterol analog that can be used for measuring membrane and intracellular trafficking dynamics.

DSPE-PEG1000-FITC is an amphiphile PEG polymer which has unsaturated lipid tails. The polymer can form micelles in an aqueous solution and can be used to prepare liposome/nano particles for drug nanocarriers. . Reagent grade, for research use only.

DSPE-PEG3400-FITC is a fluorescein attached PEG lipid. It can be used to prepare liposomes as drug carrier in targeted drug delivery. The polymer is modified with fluorescein (green) dye which can be used for staining cells, tissues, biomarkers, or nanoparticles.

C11 BODIPY 505/515 MG is a fluorescently labeled monoglyceride (Ex/Em = 495/503 nm) and can be used as a fluorescent probe.

C6-NBD Sphinganine is a sphinganine analog and can be used as fluorescent dye for labeling fatty acid.

C12 NBD sphingomyelin is an active derivative of Sphingomyelin (HY-113498) that is tagged with fluorescent C12 nitrobenzoxadiazole (C12 NBD). C12 NBD sphingomyelin can be used as a sphingomyelinase substrate for studying the metabolism and transport of sphingomyelins (Ex=470 nm, Em=525 nm).

18:1 PE AF 594 triammonium is a fluorescently labeled phospholipid probe. 18:1 PE AF 594 triammonium can be used as a fluorescent tracer for lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). 18:1 PE AF 594 triammonium is promising for research of drug delivery systems.