Sulfathiazole-d₄

By lysing cells, releasing RNA, and removing impurities such as proteins and DNA, high-purity RNA products are finally obtained. The commonly used traditional method is the guanidine isothiocyanate/phenol/chloroform method (Trizol), which is suitable for a variety of animal materials including animal tissues, microorganisms, cultured cells, etc., and most plant materials.

Fluorescence in situ hybridization detects specific DNA or RNA sequences inside fixed cells or tissue sections by hybridizing fluorescently labeled nucleic-acid probes to complementary target sequences, allowing the target’s copy number, chromosomal position, spatial distribution, or transcript abundance to be visualized microscopically. DNA-FISH detects genomic loci, chromosomal gains/losses, amplifications, deletions, and rearrangements, while RNA-FISH detects RNA molecules or transcript localization; in cancer cells, mouse tumors, neurons, organoids, macrophages, or drug-screening samples, the readout is fluorescent puncta, fusion/split signals, or localized RNA signal interpreted relative to validated controls.