Caerulein
Based on 145 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Caerulein is a decapeptide and a potent cholecystokinin receptor agonist. Caerulein is a safe and effective cholecystokinetic agent with a direct spasmogenic effect on the gallbladder muscle and bile ducts.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.74%
- CAS No.: 17650-98-5
- Formula: C58H73N13O21S2
- Molecular Weight:1352.41
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Storage:
Sealed storage, away from moisture.
Powder -80°C, 2 years , -20°C, 1 year* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)
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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Caerulein
More- Nat Nanotechnol. 2025 Aug 11. [Abstract]
- Gut. 2024 Jun 6;73(7):1142-1155. [Abstract]
- Cancer Res. 2025 Nov 6. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Differ. 2026 Jun 3. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2026 Apr;13(24):e20739. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2026 Jan 22:e17877. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Apr;12(13):e2413925. [Abstract]
- Chem Eng J. 15 October 2022, 136792.
- J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2021 Jan 9;40(1):25. [Abstract]
- Cell Discov. 2023 Jan 3;9(1):1. [Abstract]
- Sci Adv. 2020 Aug 5;6(32):eaba8415. [Abstract]
- J Neuroinflammation. 2026 May 25. [Abstract]
- Cancer Lett. 2023 Nov 28:577:216444. [Abstract]
- Biomater Res. 2026 May 18:30:0369. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Dis. 2025 Jul 27;16(1):566. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Dis. 2025 May 15;16(1):385. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Dis. 2023 Feb 24;14(2):155. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Dis. 2021 Oct 11;12(10):928. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Dis. 2021 Mar 15;12(3):273. [Abstract]
- Cell Commun Signal. 2025 Sep 2;23(1):388. [Abstract]
- Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2026 Jan 16. [Abstract]
- Phytomedicine. 2026 Jun 24:159:158478. [Abstract]
- Free Radic Biol Med. 2025 Nov 23:243:398-413. [Abstract]
- Free Radic Biol Med. 2025 Mar 16:230:294-308. [Abstract]
- Free Radic Biol Med. 2021 Sep:173:29-40. [Abstract]
- Free Radic Biol Med. 2021 Feb 1:163:379-391. [Abstract]
- Apoptosis. 2025 Feb;30(1-2):149-166. [Abstract]
- Br J Pharmacol. 2025 Aug 21. [Abstract]
- Br J Pharmacol. 2024 Oct;181(20):4067-4084. [Abstract]
- J Transl Med. 2024 Dec 20;22(1):1124. [Abstract]
- Biomed Pharmacother. 2020 Jul;127:110116. [Abstract]
- Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2026 May 27:101819. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2025 Nov 25;44(11):116487. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2025 Jun 27;44(7):115925. [Abstract]
- Anal Chem. 2020 Mar 17;92(6):4419-4426. [Abstract]
- Mol Med. 2025 Jan 24;31(1):24. [Abstract]
- Mol Med. 2022 Sep 6;28(1):106. [Abstract]
- JCI Insight. 2021 Jan 25;6(2):e138584. [Abstract]
- Front Immunol. 2019 May 3:10:980. [Abstract]
- Int J Mol Med. 2025 Feb;55(2):25. [Abstract]
- Int J Mol Med. 2022 Jul;50(1):89. [Abstract]
- Biochem Pharmacol. 2019 Mar:161:149-162. [Abstract]
- J Gastroenterol. 2024 Sep;59(9):869-879. [Abstract]
- Am J Chin Med. 2022;50(8):2185-2197. [Abstract]
- J Ethnopharmacol. 2026 Mar 1:358:121001. [Abstract]
- Food Funct. 2025 Dec 8;16(24):9628-9641. [Abstract]
- Chem Biol Interact. 2025 Sep 26:111758. [Abstract]
- J Ethnopharmacol. 2025 Apr 9:345:119551. [Abstract]
- Inflamm Res. 2024 Oct;73(10):1803-1817. [Abstract]
- J Ethnopharmacol. 2024 Mar 25:322:117590. [Abstract]
- World J Gastroenterol. 2023 Aug 14;29(30):4642-4656. [Abstract]
- Food Funct. 2020 Jan 29;11(1):456-471. [Abstract]
- Bioresour Bioprocess. 2025 Dec 3;12(1):139. [Abstract]
- Inflammation. 2026 Jan 22;49(1):59. [Abstract]
- CNS Neurosci Ther. 2025 Mar;31(3):e70313. [Abstract]
- Inflammation. 2025 Feb 7. [Abstract]
- J Nutr Biochem. 2025 Dec 4:150:110225. [Abstract]
- Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Apr 8;26(8):3482. [Abstract]
- Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Feb 22;26(5):1899. [Abstract]
- Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Mar 30;22(7):3593. [Abstract]
- Biomolecules. 2026 Jun 20;16(6):917. [Abstract]
- Biomolecules. 2022 Dec 30;13(1):78. [Abstract]
- Front Pharmacol. 2020 Jun 10;11:859. [Abstract]
- Front Pharmacol. 2020 May 8;11:618. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2026 Sep 1:184:116919. [Abstract]
- Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2026 Aug 1;331(2):C252-C266. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2026 Jul 1:180:116695. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2026 Apr 26:180:116680. [Abstract]
- mBio. 2025 Aug 8:e0003125. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2025 May 24:159:114948. [Abstract]
- Eur J Pharmacol. 2025 Jul 5:998:177536. [Abstract]
- Eur J Pharmacol. 2025 Feb 6:177314. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2024 Oct 27;143(Pt 2):113490. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2024 Oct 31;143(Pt 3):113485. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2024 Jun 20:137:112450. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2024 Feb 15:128:111495. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2022 Jul:108:108777. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2021 May:94:107496. [Abstract]
- Biosci Rep. 2019 Jul 2;39(7):BSR20190516. [Abstract]
- Molecules. 2022 Apr 27;27(9):2783. [Abstract]
- mSystems. 2022 May 2;e0150721. [Abstract]
- FASEB J. 2026 Mar 31;40(6):e71679. [Abstract]
- Mol Nutr Food Res. 2025 Oct 29:e70304. [Abstract]
- Drug Dev Res. 2025 Aug;86(5):e70140. [Abstract]
- Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis. 2024 Dec 4:167613. [Abstract]
- Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis. 2024 Apr;1870(4):167088. [Abstract]
- Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis. 2022 Dec 1;1868(12):166490. [Abstract]
- Front Chem. 2020 Oct 7;8:720. [Abstract]
- J Cell Mol Med. 2020 Jan;24(2):1488-1503. [Abstract]
- J Inflamm Res. 2026 Mar 12:19:572609. [Abstract]
- J Inflamm Res. 2026 Jan 16;19:1-14.
- J Inflamm Res. 2025 Dec 22:18:18009-18024. [Abstract]
- J Inflamm Res. 2024 Nov 2:17:8099-8115. [Abstract]
- J Inflamm Res. 2023 Oct 6:16:4425-4439. [Abstract]
- J Funct Foods. 2026 May 4;141:107327.
- J Funct Foods. September 2022, 105179.
- J Cell Physiol. 2019 Dec;234(12):21988-21998. [Abstract]
- Sci Rep. 2026 Feb 6;16(1):7540. [Abstract]
- Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz). 2025 Jun 5;73(1). [Abstract]
- Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz). 2025 Apr 16;73(1). [Abstract]
- Sci Rep. 2024 Sep 14;14(1):21491. [Abstract]
- Biomedicines. 2022 Oct 12;10(10):2543. [Abstract]
- AMB Express. 2026 May 20. [Abstract]
- Cell Signal. 2025 Sep 8:136:112123. [Abstract]
- Cell Signal. 2025 Jan:125:111504. [Abstract]
- Cell Signal. 2024 Apr:116:111033. [Abstract]
- Heliyon. 2024 Jan 13;10(2):e24461. [Abstract]
- Mol Med Rep. 2021 Nov;24(5):785. [Abstract]
- Exp Cell Res. 2019 Nov 1;384(1):111606. [Abstract]
- Thromb Res. 2025 May 30:252:109363. [Abstract]
- Eur J Med Res. 2025 Jan 17;30(1):35. [Abstract]
- Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2024 Oct 28:117136. [Abstract]
- Environ Toxicol. 2021 Dec;36(12):2392-2403. [Abstract]
- Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 2024 Nov 26:e12911. [Abstract]
- Mol Immunol. 2018 Nov:103:78-88. [Abstract]
- Pflugers Arch. 2019 Dec;471(11-12):1519-1527. [Abstract]
- Pancreatology. 2025 Sep 20:S1424-3903(25)00615-5. [Abstract]
- Pancreatology. 2024 Jun;24(4):528-537. [Abstract]
- Pancreatology. 2022 Nov;22(7):917-924. [Abstract]
- Pancreatology. 2021 Aug;21(5):870-883. [Abstract]
- Dig Dis Sci. 2022 Sep;67(9):4471-4483. [Abstract]
- J Dig Dis. 2021 Jun;22(6):363-372. [Abstract]
- Exp Ther Med. 2019 Aug;18(2):1246-1252. [Abstract]
- J Gene Med. 2024 Apr;26(4):e3683. [Abstract]
- J Clin Pharm Ther. 2023 Seo 4.
- Pancreas. 2021 Feb 1;50(2):243-250. [Abstract]
- Pancreas. 2020 Jan;49(1):111-119. [Abstract]
- Am J Transl Res. 2018 Feb 15;10(2):402-410. [Abstract]
- Braz J Med Biol Res. 2020;53(10):e9183. [Abstract]
- Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2019 Jan;97(1):15-22. [Abstract]
- Exp Anim. 2023 Aug 7;72(3):379-388. [Abstract]
- Turk J Biochem. 2021 Mar 1.
- SSRN. 2025 Dec 17.
- bioRxiv. 2025 Aug 20.
- SSRN. 2025 Jan 30.
- Res Sq. 2024 Jun 20.
- bioRxiv. 2023 Sep 28.
- SSRN. 2023 Sep 11.
- bioRxiv. 2023 Sep 13.
- SSRN. 2023 Mar 13.
- Western University. Physiology and Pharmacology. 2022 Oct.
- Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2022 Jul 26:2022:4499219. [Abstract]
- Research Square Preprint. 2022 Jan.
- bioRxiv. 2020 Mar.
- Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2019 Nov 15;2019:6181754. [Abstract]
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Biological Activity
Cholecystokinin receptor[4]
Caerulein is similar chemically and biologically to the human gastrointestinal hormones cholecystokinin-pancreozymin (CCK) and gastrin II. Caerulein stimulates gallbladder contraction, pancreatic exocrine secretion, gastric secretion, and motility in the distal duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon, while delaying gastric emptying and inhibiting motility in the proximal duodenum[1]. Caerulein in supramaximal but not in physiological doses activates NF-kappaB/Rel in vitro. This activation may induce a self-defending genetic program before the onset of cellular injury, which may prevent higher degrees of damage of pancreatic acinar cells after secretagogue hyperstimulation[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Please do not refer to only one article to determine the experimental conditions. It is recommended to determine the optimal experimental conditions (animal strain, age, dosage, frequency and cycle, detection time and indicators, etc.) through preliminary experiments before the formal experiment.
Caerulein (0.4-0.5 μg/kg, i.v.; 3-4 μg/kg, s.c.) results in emesis and evacuation of the bowel in the intact conscious dog, and recovery is complete 15-30 min after i. v. administration and 2-4 hr after s.c. administration. Caerulein (5-15 ng/kg, i.v.) shows a marked spasmogenic effect on the pylorus of rats. Caerulein also reduces blood pressure in anesthetized dogs[1].
Caerulein serum bile acid (SBA) stimulation circumvents exogenous and endogenous influences associated with postprandial (PP) SBA stimulation. Caerulein SBA stimulation may perform as well as PP SBA stimulation in dogs with portosystemic shunt (PSS) and be more sensitive for the detection of hepatic dysfunction in dogs with upper respiratory disease (URD)[3].
Caerulein can be used to induce pancreatitis models. When S35-labeled Caerulein is administered by intramuscular injection to rats, rabbits, and mice, the radioactivity in the blood of rats and rabbits reaches its peak within 5 and 15 minutes, respectively, followed by a rapid decline. Acute toxicity studies in mice show that the intravenous LD50 value for Caerulein is 1012 mg/kg[4][5]
Administration: Caerulein 50 μg/kg • i.p. • 8 hourly, total 8 times;
2. Mice: C57BL6/J mice • male • 6-8 week-old
Administration: Caerulein 100 μg/kg plus LPS (5 mg/kg, i.p. immediately after the last injection of Caerulein) • i.p. • 10 hourly, total 10 times;
or Caerulein (50 μg/kg, 7 hourly, total 7 times) plus LPS (10 mg/kg, once) • i.p.
Histology analysis: Pancreatic edema, inflammatory infiltration, and acinar cell necrosis (H&E staining).
Administration: Caerulein 50 μg/kg • i.p. • 3 days per week, for a total of 4 weeks.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 17650-98-5
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 1352.41
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Formula C58H73N13O21S2
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Color White to off-white
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Synonyms
Ceruletide; Cerulein; FI-6934
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Sequence
{pGlu}-Gln-Asp-Tyr(SO3H)-Thr-Gly-Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH2
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Sequence Shortening
{pGlu}-QD-Y(SO3H)-TGWMDF-NH2
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Structure Classification
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Initial Source
the skin of a tropical frog
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Sealed storage, away from moisture
Powder -80°C 2 years -20°C 1 year * In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)
Publications (145)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Nat Nanotechnol
Annexin A1 mRNA-loaded liposomes alleviate acute pancreatitis by suppressing STING pathway and promoting efferocytosis in macrophages. [Abstract]2025 Aug 11. PMID: 40789923 -
Gut
Pancreas-directed AAV8 -hSPINK1 gene therapy safely and effectively protects against pancreatitis in mice. [Abstract]2024 Jun 6;73(7):1142-1155. PMID: 38553043 -
Cancer Res
USP20-Driven Cholesterol Metabolism Links Inflammatory Signaling to Malignancy and Stromal Co-evolution in Pancreatic Cancer. [Abstract]2025 Nov 6. PMID: 41196022 -
Cell Death Differ
Cell death-induced release of the pro-aging protein acyl CoA binding protein (ACBP) into the circulation. [Abstract]2026 Jun 3. PMID: 42236908 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
TGM2 Aggravates Acute Pancreatitis by Impairing Macrophage Efferocytosis Through Inhibition of the STAT6-GAS6 Axis. [Abstract]2026 Apr;13(24):e20739. PMID: 41703992 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
Macrophage TRIM21 Inhibition Ameliorates Murine Acute Pancreatitis via PHB2-Mediated Mitochondrial Stabilization. [Abstract]2026 Jan 22:e17877. PMID: 41572443 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
Nanomedicine Penetrating Blood-Pancreas Barrier for Effective Treatment of Acute Pancreatitis. [Abstract]2025 Apr;12(13):e2413925. PMID: 39950925 -
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J Exp Clin Cancer Res
2021 Jan 9;40(1):25. PMID: 33422093 -
Cell Discov
Use of a dual genetic system to decipher exocrine cell fate conversions in the adult pancreas. [Abstract]2023 Jan 3;9(1):1. PMID: 36596774 -
Sci Adv
Daxx maintains endogenous retroviral silencing and restricts cellular plasticity in vivo. [Abstract]2020 Aug 5;6(32):eaba8415. PMID: 32821827 -
J Neuroinflammation
PVNOXT regulates acinar cell-mediated inflammatory response via DMVACh projections to the acinar cell. [Abstract]2026 May 25. PMID: 42186091 -
Cancer Lett
POH1 facilitates pancreatic carcinogenesis through MYC-driven acinar-to-ductal metaplasia and is a potential therapeutic target. [Abstract]2023 Nov 28:577:216444. PMID: 37844756 -
Biomater Res
Biomimetic Layered Double Hydroxide-Molybdenum Disulfide Encapsulated with Bovine Serum Albumin: A Multifaceted Nanotherapy for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. [Abstract]2026 May 18:30:0369. PMID: 42158621 -
Cell Death Dis
Repurposing BCL2 inhibitors: Venetoclax protects against acinar cell necrosis in acute pancreatitis by promoting apoptosis. [Abstract]2025 Jul 27;16(1):566. PMID: 40715042 -
Cell Death Dis
Mechanistic insights into the role of FAT10 in modulating NCOA4-mediated ferroptosis in pancreatic acinar cells during acute pancreatitis. [Abstract]2025 May 15;16(1):385. PMID: 40374601 -
Cell Death Dis
2023 Feb 24;14(2):155. PMID: 36828808 -
Cell Death Dis
Sitagliptin activates the p62-Keap1-Nrf2 signalling pathway to alleviate oxidative stress and excessive autophagy in severe acute pancreatitis-related acute lung injury. [Abstract]2021 Oct 11;12(10):928. PMID: 34635643 -
Cell Death Dis
Neddylation pathway alleviates chronic pancreatitis by reducing HIF1α-CCL5-dependent macrophage infiltration. [Abstract]2021 Mar 15;12(3):273. PMID: 33723230 -
Cell Commun Signal
AXL and MERTK facilitate tissue repair in severe acute pancreatitis via a CCR5-dependent neutrophil and macrophage crosstalk. [Abstract]2025 Sep 2;23(1):388. PMID: 40898178 -
Acta Pharmacol Sin
A sinomenine derivative protects life-threatening inflammatory injuries via covalently binding to a novel allosteric inhibition site of IRF3. [Abstract]2026 Jan 16. PMID: 41545756 -
Phytomedicine
β-elemene directly targets IL-17RA in macrophages to inhibit inflammation and attenuate acute pancreatitis. [Abstract]2026 Jun 24:159:158478. PMID: 42365689 -
Free Radic Biol Med
TFEB-nuclear translocation promotes BNIP3-mediated mitophagy and alleviates oxidative stress and ferroptosis in acute pancreatitis. [Abstract]2025 Nov 23:243:398-413. PMID: 41290101 -
Free Radic Biol Med
Nrf2 ameliorates defective autophagic processes and thereby inhibits ferroptosis in acute pancreatitis by suppressing Beclin1-Slc7a11 complex formation. [Abstract]2025 Mar 16:230:294-308. PMID: 39947493 -
Free Radic Biol Med
Wedelolactone alleviates acute pancreatitis and associated lung injury via GPX4 mediated suppression of pyroptosis and ferroptosis. [Abstract]2021 Sep:173:29-40. PMID: 34246777 -
Free Radic Biol Med
The LipoxinA4 receptor agonist BML-111 ameliorates intestinal disruption following acute pancreatitis through the Nrf2-regulated antioxidant pathway. [Abstract]2021 Feb 1:163:379-391. PMID: 33383086 -
Apoptosis
MRG15 promotes cell apoptosis through inhibition of mitophagy in hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis. [Abstract]2025 Feb;30(1-2):149-166. PMID: 39487311 -
Br J Pharmacol
E3 ubiquitin ligase Pellino1 suppresses acinar cell necroptosis and alleviates severe acute pancreatitis by promoting ubiquitin-dependent receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIP3) degradation. [Abstract]2025 Aug 21. PMID: 40842247 -
Br J Pharmacol
IDH2-NADPH pathway protects against acute pancreatitis via suppressing acinar cell ferroptosis. [Abstract]2024 Oct;181(20):4067-4084. PMID: 39072736 -
J Transl Med
Conjugated bile acids alleviate acute pancreatitis through inhibition of TGR5 and NLRP3 mediated inflammation. [Abstract]2024 Dec 20;22(1):1124. PMID: 39707318 -
Biomed Pharmacother
2020 Jul;127:110116. PMID: 32428833 -
Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol
Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2+ Macrophages Promote Pancreatic Regeneration Through Cholesterol-Metabolism Reprogramming and Hedgehog Signaling Activation Following Acute Pancreatitis. [Abstract]2026 May 27:101819. PMID: 42208763 -
Cell Rep
Plakophilin 3 drives acinar cell transformation and promotes cancer initiation and progression in pancreas. [Abstract]2025 Nov 25;44(11):116487. PMID: 41166312 -
Cell Rep
Cingulin is an RNA-binding protein promoting pancreatic cancer through enhancing importin 7-mediated phospho-ERK nuclear translocation. [Abstract]2025 Jun 27;44(7):115925. PMID: 40580477 -
Anal Chem
Molecular Imaging and In Situ Quantitative Profiling of Fatty Acid Synthase with a Chemical Probe. [Abstract]2020 Mar 17;92(6):4419-4426. PMID: 32053360 -
Mol Med
Disrupting of IGF2BP3-stabilized CLDN11 mRNA by TNF-α increases intestinal permeability in obesity-related severe acute pancreatitis. [Abstract]2025 Jan 24;31(1):24. PMID: 39856555 -
Mol Med
Acid ceramidase targeting pyruvate kinase affected trypsinogen activation in acute pancreatitis. [Abstract]2022 Sep 6;28(1):106. PMID: 36068514 -
JCI Insight
Dysregulated SREBP1c/miR-153 signaling induced by hypertriglyceridemia worsens acute pancreatitis and delays tissue repair. [Abstract]2021 Jan 25;6(2):e138584. PMID: 33491670 -
Front Immunol
TLR3 Ligand PolyI:C Prevents Acute Pancreatitis Through the Interferon-β/Interferon-α/β Receptor Signaling Pathway in a Caerulein-Induced Pancreatitis Mouse Model. [Abstract]2019 May 3:10:980. PMID: 31130960 -
Int J Mol Med
Artesunate protects against a mouse model of cerulein and lipopolysaccharide‑induced acute pancreatitis by inhibiting TLR4‑dependent autophagy. [Abstract]2025 Feb;55(2):25. PMID: 39635846 -
Int J Mol Med
Ginsenoside Rg3 ameliorates acute pancreatitis by activating the NRF2/HO‑1‑mediated ferroptosis pathway. [Abstract]2022 Jul;50(1):89. PMID: 35582998 -
Biochem Pharmacol
Betulinic acid suppresses breast cancer aerobic glycolysis via caveolin-1/NF-κB/c-Myc pathway. [Abstract]2019 Mar:161:149-162. PMID: 30684465 -
J Gastroenterol
Heparan sulfate acts as an activator of the NLRP3 inflammasome promoting inflammatory response in the development of acute pancreatitis. [Abstract]2024 Sep;59(9):869-879. PMID: 38864913 -
Am J Chin Med
Sinapic Acid Alleviates Acute Pancreatitis in Association with Attenuation of Inflammation, Pyroptosis, and the AMPK/NF-κ B Signaling Pathway. [Abstract]2022;50(8):2185-2197. PMID: 36222121 -
J Ethnopharmacol
Chaihu Guizhi Ganjiang decoction attenuates chronic pancreatitis by suppressing acinar cell ferroptosis via regulating p53/SLC7A11/GPX4 pathway. [Abstract]2026 Mar 1:358:121001. PMID: 41354015 -
Food Funct
Effects of kefirs made from whole milk or whey on the pancreas-intestine axis in a mouse model of acute pancreatitis. [Abstract]2025 Dec 8;16(24):9628-9641. PMID: 41307507 -
Chem Biol Interact
Mechanisms and targeted prevention of chronic pancreatitis-acinar to ductal metaplasia caused by a low concentration of di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate. [Abstract]2025 Sep 26:111758. PMID: 41016453 -
J Ethnopharmacol
Kinsenoside alleviates experimental acute pancreatitis by suppressing M1 macrophage polarization via the TLR4/STAT1 signaling pathway. [Abstract]2025 Apr 9:345:119551. PMID: 39999939 -
Inflamm Res
2024 Oct;73(10):1803-1817. PMID: 39231819 -
J Ethnopharmacol
Bioinformatics analyses of infiltrating immune cell participation on pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma progression and in vivo experiment of the therapeutic effect of Shuangshen granules. [Abstract]2024 Mar 25:322:117590. PMID: 38113986 -
World J Gastroenterol
Exploring the regulatory mechanism of tRNA-derived fragments 36 in acute pancreatitis based on small RNA sequencing and experiments. [Abstract]2023 Aug 14;29(30):4642-4656. PMID: 37662862 -
Food Funct
Ginsenoside Rk1 induces apoptosis and downregulates the expression of PD-L1 by targeting the NF-κB pathway in lung adenocarcinoma. [Abstract]2020 Jan 29;11(1):456-471. PMID: 31830168 -
Bioresour Bioprocess
Astragalin attenuates caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis by targeting the NLRP3 signaling pathway and gut microbiota. [Abstract]2025 Dec 3;12(1):139. PMID: 41335362 -
Inflammation
A Melittin-Derived Lead Compound Ameliorates Severe Acute Pancreatitis by Restoring Oxidative Homeostasis and Macrophage Metabolism. [Abstract]2026 Jan 22;49(1):59. PMID: 41569335 -
CNS Neurosci Ther
Upregulation of NR2B Subunits of NMDA Receptors in the Lateral Parabrachial Nucleus Contributes to Chronic Pancreatitis Pain. [Abstract]2025 Mar;31(3):e70313. PMID: 40022510 -
Inflammation
4-octyl Itaconate Attenuates Acute Pancreatitis and Associated Lung Injury by Suppressing Ferroptosis in Mice. [Abstract]2025 Feb 7. PMID: 39920558 -
J Nutr Biochem
2025 Dec 4:150:110225. PMID: 41352543 -
Int J Mol Sci
CD36 Induces Inflammation by Promoting Ferroptosis in Pancreas, Epididymal Adipose Tissue, and Adipose Tissue Macrophages in Obesity-Related Severe Acute Pancreatitis. [Abstract]2025 Apr 8;26(8):3482. PMID: 40331957 -
Int J Mol Sci
MGST1 Protects Pancreatic Ductal Cells from Inflammatory Damage in Acute Pancreatitis by Inhibiting Ferroptosis: Bioinformatics Analysis with Experimental Validation. [Abstract]2025 Feb 22;26(5):1899. PMID: 40076525 -
Int J Mol Sci
Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase 1 Promotes Inflammation and Fibrosis in a Mouse Model of Chronic Pancreatitis. [Abstract]2021 Mar 30;22(7):3593. PMID: 33808340 -
Biomolecules
Alginate Oligosaccharide Alleviates Severe Acute Pancreatitis in Mice via Suppression of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Modulation of Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Integrity. [Abstract]2026 Jun 20;16(6):917. PMID: 42352383 -
Biomolecules
Integration of scRNA-Seq and Bulk RNA-Seq Reveals Molecular Characterization of the Immune Microenvironment in Acute Pancreatitis. [Abstract]2022 Dec 30;13(1):78. PMID: 36671463 -
Front Pharmacol
Mogroside IIE Inhibits Digestive Enzymes via Suppression of Interleukin 9/Interleukin 9 Receptor Signalling in Acute Pancreatitis. [Abstract]2020 Jun 10;11:859. PMID: 32587518 -
Front Pharmacol
BRD4 Inhibition Protects Against Acute Pancreatitis Through Restoring Impaired Autophagic Flux. [Abstract]2020 May 8;11:618. PMID: 32457617 -
Int Immunopharmacol
The gut microbial metabolite phenylacetylglutamine exacerbates severe acute pancreatitis by promoting ferroptosis and TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways. [Abstract]2026 Sep 1:184:116919. PMID: 42208327 -
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol
Elevated circulating bile acids alleviate acute pancreatitis by restoring mitochondrial function via acinar cell uptake. [Abstract]2026 Aug 1;331(2):C252-C266. PMID: 42297571 -
Int Immunopharmacol
Cathepsin B regulated via TFEB and lysosomal membrane permeabilization in adipose tissue macrophages aggravates obesity-related severe acute pancreatitis. [Abstract]2026 Jul 1:180:116695. PMID: 42019387 -
Int Immunopharmacol
Identifying cathepsin B as a key regulator of programmed cell death in acute pancreatitis. [Abstract]2026 Apr 26:180:116680. PMID: 42044578 -
mBio
Structural insights into manganese-dependent arylsulfatase from Enterococcus faecium and its catalytic promiscuity. [Abstract]2025 Aug 8:e0003125. PMID: 40778759 -
Int Immunopharmacol
Network pharmacology analysis reveals that coumestrol targets ZYX to inhibit ferroptosis and alleviate acute pancreatitis. [Abstract]2025 May 24:159:114948. PMID: 40414075 -
Eur J Pharmacol
Rutin protects the pancreas from inflammatory injury and oncogene-driven tumorigenesis by inhibiting acinar to ductal metaplasia. [Abstract]2025 Jul 5:998:177536. PMID: 40120793 -
Eur J Pharmacol
Octreotide attenuates experimental severe acute pancreatitis through inhibiting pyroptosis and modulating intestinal homeostasis. [Abstract]2025 Feb 6:177314. PMID: 39922420 -
Int Immunopharmacol
Micheliolide ameliorates severe acute pancreatitis in mice through potentiating Nrf2-mediated anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation effects. [Abstract]2024 Oct 27;143(Pt 2):113490. PMID: 39467351 -
Int Immunopharmacol
ATP citrate lyase ablation hampers exocrine regeneration via TLR4/NF-kappaB signaling after acute pancreatitis in mice. [Abstract]2024 Oct 31;143(Pt 3):113485. PMID: 39486178 -
Int Immunopharmacol
Inhibition of aquaporin-9 ameliorates severe acute pancreatitis and associated lung injury by NLRP3 and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways. [Abstract]2024 Jun 20:137:112450. PMID: 38906007 -
Int Immunopharmacol
METTL14 depletion ameliorates ferroptosis in severe acute pancreatitis by increasing the N6-methyladenosine modification of ACSL4 and STA1. [Abstract]2024 Feb 15:128:111495. PMID: 38237228 -
Int Immunopharmacol
GDF11 ameliorates severe acute pancreatitis through modulating macrophage M1 and M2 polarization by targeting the TGFβR1/SMAD-2 pathway. [Abstract]2022 Jul:108:108777. PMID: 35461108 -
Int Immunopharmacol
Cathepsin B aggravates acute pancreatitis by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome and promoting the caspase-1-induced pyroptosis. [Abstract]2021 May:94:107496. PMID: 33639565 -
Biosci Rep
CaMKII/proteasome/cytosolic calcium/cathepsin B axis was present in tryspin activation induced by nicardipine. [Abstract]2019 Jul 2;39(7):BSR20190516. PMID: 31221819 -
Molecules
Beneficial Effect of Kidney Bean Resistant Starch on Hyperlipidemia-Induced Acute Pancreatitis and Related Intestinal Barrier Damage in Rats. [Abstract]2022 Apr 27;27(9):2783. PMID: 35566136 -
mSystems
2022 May 2;e0150721. PMID: 35491818 -
FASEB J
Effect of Diosmetin on Gut Microbiota and Serum Metabolites in Acute Pancreatitis Mice: A Metagenomic and Metabolomic Study. [Abstract]2026 Mar 31;40(6):e71679. PMID: 41854683 -
Mol Nutr Food Res
Modulation of Intestinal Microbiota Through Kefir-Based Beverages in a Murine Model of Acute Pancreatitis. [Abstract]2025 Oct 29:e70304. PMID: 41159601 -
Drug Dev Res
Betulinic Acid Alleviates Acute Pancreatitis by Promoting SIRT1-PINK1-Mediated Mitophagy in Acinar Cells. [Abstract]2025 Aug;86(5):e70140. PMID: 40787703 -
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis
SIRT5 mediated succinylation of SUCLA2 regulates TCA cycle dysfunction and mitochondrial damage in pancreatic acinar cells in acute pancreatitis. [Abstract]2024 Dec 4:167613. PMID: 39643219 -
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis
Pyrazole derivative Z10 ameliorates acute pancreatitis by inhibiting the ERK/Ddt pathway. [Abstract]2024 Apr;1870(4):167088. PMID: 38401696 -
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis
AXL and MERTK receptor tyrosine kinases inhibition protects against pancreatic necrosis via selectively limiting CXCL2-related neutrophil infiltration. [Abstract]2022 Dec 1;1868(12):166490. PMID: 35841983 -
Front Chem
Porous COS@SiO2 Nanocomposites Ameliorate Severe Acute Pancreatitis and Associated Lung Injury by Regulating the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in Mice. [Abstract]2020 Oct 7;8:720. PMID: 33134248 -
J Cell Mol Med
Hic-5 deficiency protects cerulein-induced chronic pancreatitis via down-regulation of the NF-κB (p65)/IL-6 signalling pathway. [Abstract]2020 Jan;24(2):1488-1503. PMID: 31797546 -
J Inflamm Res
Celastrol Mitigates Acute Pancreatitis Associated Inflammation by Modulating the IL-34/CSF-1R Axis and Suppressing NF-κB/ERK Signaling. [Abstract]2026 Mar 12:19:572609. PMID: 41847424 -
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J Inflamm Res
The Effects of Da-Chai-Hu Decoction Alleviating Pancreatic Exocrine Dysfunction by Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress of Acinar Cell in Mice with Chronic Pancreatitis. [Abstract]2025 Dec 22:18:18009-18024. PMID: 41458358 -
J Inflamm Res
Identifying the ceRNA Regulatory Network in Early-Stage Acute Pancreatitis and Investigating the Therapeutic Potential of NEAT1 in Mouse Models. [Abstract]2024 Nov 2:17:8099-8115. PMID: 39507263 -
J Inflamm Res
An in-Depth Exploration of the Genetic Interaction Network Between Ferroptosis and Acute Pancreatitis. [Abstract]2023 Oct 6:16:4425-4439. PMID: 37822529 -
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J Cell Physiol
Restoration of p53 acetylation by HDAC inhibition permits the necrosis/apoptosis switch of pancreatic ainar cell during experimental pancreatitis in mice. [Abstract]2019 Dec;234(12):21988-21998. PMID: 31058328 -
Sci Rep
IL-18 promotes pancreatic fibrosis via release of IL-4 from pancreatic stellate cells and induces macrophage M2 polarization. [Abstract]2026 Feb 6;16(1):7540. PMID: 41651972 -
Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz)
TAGLN2 Exacerbates Acute Pancreatitis-Induced Liver Injury by Increasing Hepatocyte Pyroptosis via Kupffer Cells-Mediated Inflammatory Response. [Abstract]2025 Jun 5;73(1). PMID: 40472315 -
Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz)
Intraarterial Infusion of Lidocaine is Superior to the Subcutaneous Injection of Low Molecular Weight Heparin for Improving the Course of Cerulein-Induced Acute Pancreatitis in Rats. [Abstract]2025 Apr 16;73(1). PMID: 40237149 -
Sci Rep
Integrating metagenomics with metabolomics for gut microbiota and metabolites profiling in acute pancreatitis. [Abstract]2024 Sep 14;14(1):21491. PMID: 39277616 -
Biomedicines
2022 Oct 12;10(10):2543. PMID: 36289805 -
AMB Express
Odoribacter laneus protects intestinal barrier by bile acid-FXR axis in acute pancreatitis. [Abstract]2026 May 20. PMID: 42162499 -
Cell Signal
Endoplasmic reticulum stress regulates intestinal motility in acute pancreatitis by regulating the expression and phosphorylation of nNOS through IRE1α/XBP1s-PI3K/Akt signaling axis. [Abstract]2025 Sep 8:136:112123. PMID: 40930473 -
Cell Signal
Hyperlipidemia exacerbates acute pancreatitis via interactions between P38MAPK and oxidative stress. [Abstract]2025 Jan:125:111504. PMID: 39505288 -
Cell Signal
E3 ubiquitin ligase FBXW11 as a novel inflammatory biomarker is associated with immune infiltration and NF-κB pathway activation in pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. [Abstract]2024 Apr:116:111033. PMID: 38182068 -
Heliyon
Paeoniflorin increases the anti-tumor efficacy of sorafenib in tumor-bearing mice with liver cancer via suppressing the NF-κb/PD-l1 axis. [Abstract]2024 Jan 13;10(2):e24461. PMID: 38312647 -
Mol Med Rep
Emodin inhibits the progression of acute pancreatitis via regulation of lncRNA TUG1 and exosomal lncRNA TUG1. [Abstract]2021 Nov;24(5):785. PMID: 34498715 -
Exp Cell Res
SPOP inhibits mice pancreatic stellate cell activation by promoting FADD degradation in cerulein-induced chronic pancreatitis. [Abstract]2019 Nov 1;384(1):111606. PMID: 31493386
Caerulein purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Exp Cell Res. 2019 Nov 1;384(1):111606. [Abstract]
Decreased SPOP expression in cerulein-induced CP mice. Pancreatic SPOP, NF-κB/p65 and downstream proteins are determined through western blotting. Protein levels are normalized to the GAPDH loading control. Densitometry analysis is performed using the ImageJ software.
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Thromb Res
Leukadherin-1 mitigates disseminated intravascular coagulation in acute pancreatitis by suppressing necroptosis. [Abstract]2025 May 30:252:109363. PMID: 40494132 -
Eur J Med Res
Alcohol promotes CPT1A-induced lipid metabolism disorder to sentinel-regulate acute pancreatitis. [Abstract]2025 Jan 17;30(1):35. PMID: 39819476 -
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol
Lonicerin protects pancreatic acinar cells from caerulein-induced apoptosis, inflammation, and ferroptosis by activating the SIRT1/GPX4 signaling pathway. [Abstract]2024 Oct 28:117136. PMID: 39476876 -
Environ Toxicol
2021 Dec;36(12):2392-2403. PMID: 34423886 -
Kaohsiung J Med Sci
ELAVL1-dependent SOAT2 exacerbated the pancreatitis-like cellular injury of AR42J cells induced by hyperstimulation with caerulein. [Abstract]2024 Nov 26:e12911. PMID: 39588852 -
Mol Immunol
LipoxinA4 attenuates acute pancreatitis-associated acute lung injury by regulating AQP-5 and MMP-9 expression, anti-apoptosis and PKC/SSeCKS-mediated F-actin activation. [Abstract]2018 Nov:103:78-88. PMID: 30219663 -
Pflugers Arch
miR-135a deficiency inhibits the AR42J cells damage in cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis through targeting FAM129A. [Abstract]2019 Dec;471(11-12):1519-1527. PMID: 31729558 -
Pancreatology
Elevated expression of circular RNA circ0001415 attenuates acinar cell pyroptosis during acute pancreatitis. [Abstract]2025 Sep 20:S1424-3903(25)00615-5. PMID: 41006189 -
Pancreatology
Deletion of myeloid-specific Orai1 calcium channel does not affect pancreatic tissue damage in experimental acute pancreatitis. [Abstract]2024 Jun;24(4):528-537. PMID: 38637233 -
Pancreatology
2022 Nov;22(7):917-924. PMID: 35989220 -
Pancreatology
Inhibition of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase protects against acute pancreatitis via modulating macrophage polarization and its related metabolites. [Abstract]2021 Aug;21(5):870-883. PMID: 33810973 -
Dig Dis Sci
2022 Sep;67(9):4471-4483. PMID: 35094251 -
J Dig Dis
Porous SiO2 -coated ultrasmall selenium particles nanospheres attenuate cerulein-induce acute pancreatitis in mice by downregulating oxidative stress. [Abstract]2021 Jun;22(6):363-372. PMID: 33844454 -
Exp Ther Med
2019 Aug;18(2):1246-1252. PMID: 31363368 -
J Gene Med
2024 Apr;26(4):e3683. PMID: 38571451 -
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Pancreas
MiR-204-5p Performs a Protective Effect on Cerulein-Induced Rat Pancreatic Acinar Cell AR42J Cell Damage by Targeting Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/Tryptophan 5-Monooxygenase Activation Protein Gamma and Regulating PI3K/Hippo Pathways. [Abstract]2021 Feb 1;50(2):243-250. PMID: 33565802 -
Pancreas
Nuclear Factor-κB Increases Intracellular Calcium by Upregulation of Na+-Ca2+ Exchanger 1 in Cerulein-Induced Acute Pancreatitis. [Abstract]2020 Jan;49(1):111-119. PMID: 31856086 -
Am J Transl Res
Augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) regulates acute pancreatitis via inhibiting HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. [Abstract]2018 Feb 15;10(2):402-410. PMID: 29511434
Caerulein purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Am J Transl Res. 2018 Feb 15;10(2):402-410. [Abstract]
Cerulein exposure increases the protein expression of MD2, while ALR reduces the Cerulein-induced upregulation in MD2 protein expression.
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Braz J Med Biol Res
Lapiferin protects against H1N1 virus-induced pulmonary inflammation by negatively regulating NF-kB signaling. [Abstract]2020;53(10):e9183. PMID: 32901688 -
Can J Physiol Pharmacol
2019 Jan;97(1):15-22. PMID: 30326193
Caerulein purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2019 Jan;97(1):15-22. [Abstract]
Expressions of Wnt/β-Catenin pathway-related genes in pancreatic and small intestinal tissues in each group (control, Caerulein, SKL2001+Caerulein, SKL2001+control). Relative mRNA expressions of Wnt1 (A, F), Wnt2 (B, G), β-catenin (C, H), c-Myc (D, I) and Axin-2 (E, J) in pancreatic and small intestinal tissues in each group detected by qRT-PCR.
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Exp Anim
The KLF4-STAT5 axis promotes pancreatic fibrosis in mice with caerulein-induced chronic pancreatitis. [Abstract]2023 Aug 7;72(3):379-388. PMID: 36948613 -
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Oxid Med Cell Longev
Dopamine D2 Receptor Signaling Attenuates Acinar Cell Necroptosis in Acute Pancreatitis through the Cathepsin B/TFAM/ROS Pathway. [Abstract]2022 Jul 26:2022:4499219. PMID: 35927992 -
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Oxid Med Cell Longev
DPP4 Inhibitor Attenuates Severe Acute Pancreatitis-Associated Intestinal Inflammation via Nrf2 Signaling. [Abstract]2019 Nov 15;2019:6181754. PMID: 31827684
Solvent & Solubility
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (73.94 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
DMF : 16.67 mg/mL (12.33 mM; Need ultrasonic)
H2O : 2.5 mg/mL (1.85 mM; Need ultrasonic)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (1.85 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (1.85 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMF 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 1.67 mg/mL (1.23 mM); Clear solution
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMF 90% Corn Oil
Solubility: 1.67 mg/mL (1.23 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic
For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:
It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: PBS
Solubility: 30.3 mg/mL (22.40 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic
Add each solvent one by one: Saline
Solubility: 2 mg/mL (1.48 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic and adjust pH to 12 with 1M NaOH
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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-
-
-
Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
-
%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
-
+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL. * In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Protocol
Dogs[3]
All dogs undergo serum bile acid (SBA) stimulation with food (<5 kg/body weight [BW] 2 teaspoons, >5 kg BW 2 tablespoons) or 0.3 μg/kg BW Caerulein IM, respectively, on consecutive days. A diet of moderate protein content and with an increased concentration of fiber is chosen to minimize metabolic complications such as hepatic encephalopathy. Before each test, the dogs are fasted for 12 hours. Blood samples are drawn at baseline, 60 and 120 minutes after feeding, and 20, 30, and 40 minutes postinjection, respectively. The blood samples are collected in plain tubes and left to clot; they are then centrifuged at 6,500 ×g for 1 minute, and the serum is used to measure SBA by a colorimetric test with endpoint determination[3].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (292 KB)
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SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Korean - KR (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Steinle AU, et al. NF-kappaB/Rel activation in cerulein pancreatitis. Gastroenterology. 1999 Feb;116(2):420-30. [Content Brief]
[2]. Bridger N, et al. Comparison of postprandial and ceruletide serum bile acid stimulation in dogs. J Vet Intern Med. 2008 Jul-Aug;22(4):873-8. [Content Brief]
[3]. Vincent ME, et al. Pharmacology, clinical uses, and adverse effects of ceruletide, a cholecystokinetic agent. Pharmacotherapy. 1982 Jul-Aug;2(4):223-34. [Content Brief]
[4]. Zarrindast MR, et al. Effects of cholecystokinin receptor agonist and antagonists on morphin dependence in mice. Pharmacol Toxicol. 1995 Dec;77(6):360-4. [Content Brief]
[6]. Wu Z, et al. Dopamine D2 Receptor Signaling Attenuates Acinar Cell Necroptosis in Acute Pancreatitis through the Cathepsin B/TFAM/ROS Pathway. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2022 Jul 26;2022:4499219. [Content Brief]
[7]. Kong L, et al. Sitagliptin activates the p62-Keap1-Nrf2 signalling pathway to alleviate oxidative stress and excessive autophagy in severe acute pancreatitis-related acute lung injury. Cell Death Dis. 2021 Oct 11;12(10):928. [Content Brief]
[8]. Malla SR, et al. Early trypsin activation develops independently of autophagy in caerulein-induced pancreatitis in mice. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2020 May;77(9):1811-1825. [Content Brief]
[9]. Lin Y, et al. Neddylation pathway alleviates chronic pancreatitis by reducing HIF1α-CCL5-dependent macrophage infiltration. Cell Death Dis. 2021 Mar 15;12(3):273. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H2O / DMF / DMSO | 1 mM | 0.7394 mL | 3.6971 mL | 7.3942 mL | 18.4855 mL |
| DMF / DMSO | 5 mM | 0.1479 mL | 0.7394 mL | 1.4788 mL | 3.6971 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.0739 mL | 0.3697 mL | 0.7394 mL | 1.8486 mL | |
| DMSO | 15 mM | 0.0493 mL | 0.2465 mL | 0.4929 mL | 1.2324 mL |
| 20 mM | 0.0370 mL | 0.1849 mL | 0.3697 mL | 0.9243 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.0296 mL | 0.1479 mL | 0.2958 mL | 0.7394 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.0246 mL | 0.1232 mL | 0.2465 mL | 0.6162 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0185 mL | 0.0924 mL | 0.1849 mL | 0.4621 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0148 mL | 0.0739 mL | 0.1479 mL | 0.3697 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0123 mL | 0.0616 mL | 0.1232 mL | 0.3081 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Caerulein Related Classifications
HY-A0190 Related Classifications
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