Cyperaceae

Valencene is a sesquiterpene that can be isolated from Cyperus rotundus. Valencene possesses antiallergic, antimelanogenesis, anti-infammatory, and antioxidant activitivies. Valencene inhibits the exaggerated expression of Th2 chemokines and proinflammatory chemokines through blockade of the NF-κB pathway. Valencene inhibits the production and expression of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Valencene can reduce atopic dermatitis symptoms and recover decreased expression of filaggrin in DNCB-sensitized mouse model.

Kobophenol A, an oligomeric stilbene, blocks the interaction between the ACE2 receptor and S1-RBD with an IC₅₀ of 1.81 μM and inhibits SARS-CoV-2 viral infection in cells with an EC₅₀ of 71.6 μM. Kobophenol A inhibits the activity of partially purified rat brain protein kinase C (PKC) with an IC₅₀ of 52 µM.

Cyperotundone is a sesquiterpene isolated from Nagarmotha (Cyperus rotundus).

Aureusidin is a flavonoid compound that is isolated and extracted from Antirrhinum majus and exhibits oral activity. Aureusidin possesses antioxidant, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory properties. Aureusidin directly targets and binds MD2 and Caspase-3 with high affinity, synergistically inhibits the TLR4/NF-κB inflammatory pathway and GSDME-mediated pyroptosis, and activates the Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant axis via the ROS/MAPKs pathway. Aureusidin is a bovine liver arginase inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 57.1 µM. Aureusidin is used for research on inflammation-related diseases (osteoarthritis), acute liver injury, and endothelial dysfunction.

Norbornane is a component of the essential oil extracted from the rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus from Morocco. Active derivatives of Norbornane are fused heterocyclic compounds with in vitro anti-tumor and anti-Trypanosoma brucei activities. Norbornane and its derivatives can be used in research related to cancers such as leukemia and African trypanosomiasis.

Eleocharin B is a prenylated flavanone antioxidant and DPPH free radical scavenger. Eleocharin B is obtained from the peel of Eleocharis tuberosa (water chestnut). Eleocharin B is used in the study of oxidative stress-related disorders.

Eleocharin D is a flavanone isolated from chufa (Eleocharis tuberosa) peels and a DPPH radical scavenging inhibitor. Eleocharin D exhibits weak radical scavenging activity.

6,8-Dimethylluteolin is a flavonoid that can be found in Chinese water chestnut peels.

Eleocharin F is an aurone flavonoid present in the peel of Eleocharis tuberosa, exhibiting free radical scavenging and reducing power activities. Eleocharin F can be used in research on oxidative stress-related diseases.

Eleocharin A is an isoprenylated flavonoid compound found in the pericarp of Eleocharis tuberosa and the twigs of Artocarpus nigrifolius. Eleocharin A exhibits DPPH radical scavenging activity and reducing power antioxidant activity. Eleocharin A exerts cytotoxic effects on cancer cells. Eleocharin A can be used in research on cervical cancer and gastric cancer.

Eleocharin C is a dimethylallyl-substituted flavanone flavonoid that acts as a DPPH radical scavenger and is present in the peel of Eleocharis tuberosa. Eleocharin C exhibits reducing capacity in the ferric reducing assay.

Eleocharin E is a flavanone found in the peel of Eleocharis tuberosa and acts as a scavenger of DPPH radicals. Eleocharin E exhibits reducing power activity. Eleocharin E can be used in research on oxidative stress.

Eleocharis dulcis polysaccharide is a polysaccharide derived from Eleocharis dulcis.

Carex meyeriana polysaccharide is a polysaccharide derived from Carex meyeriana.

Cyperus rotundus polysaccharide is a polysaccharide derived from Cyperus rotundus.

Corymbolone is an eudesmane-type sesquiterpene ketol found in the rhizomes of Cyperus corymbosus. Corymbolone can be used in research on gynecological diseases.

Sugetriol 6,9-diacetate is a natural sesquiterpene.

Luteolin 4'-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside is a flavonoid glycoside. Luteolin 4'-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside can be isolated from the aerial parts of C. rotundus L.. Luteolin 4'-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside inhibits α-amylase. Luteolin 4'-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside shows antioxidant activity. Luteolin 4'-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside can be used in research on diabetes.

2,5-Dimethylcyclohexanol, a volatile organic compound, is a fatty acid that can be isolated from Amphora sp.. 2,5-Dimethylcyclohexanol has significant antineoplastic and antiviral activities with inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. 2,5-Dimethylcyclohexanol also has potent antifungal activity against Pseudogymnoascus destructans. 2,5-Dimethylcyclohexanol compromises cell wall and membrane integrity while perturbing energy metabolism, increases the levels of ROS, ATP, Superoxide anion and GSH, and decreases CAT and SOD activities. And 2,5-Dimethylcyclohexanol alters virulence ribosomal genes expression, and disrupts the MAPK signaling pathways, inducing fungal cell apoptosis.

Scirpusin B (compound 5) is a dimeric antioxidant isolated from Scirpus maritimus L.. Scirpusin B exhibits antitumor, antifungal, insecticidal, and plant growth inhibitory activities.