Microorganisms

Argininosuccinic acid is an intermediate metabolite in the urea cycle, and its level is associated with argininosuccinic aciduria. Argininosuccinic acid can induce oxidative stress, leading to lipid and protein oxidation, reduction of glutathione, and decrease in antioxidant enzyme activity. Argininosuccinic acid can be converted into guanidinosuccinic acid, a nitric oxide mimic, under the action of nitric oxide-derived free radicals. Argininosuccinic acid can be used in the research of metabolic diseases, renal failure, nervous system diseases, etc.

Thymidine-5'-diphosphate-L-rhamnose (dTDP-L-Rhamnose) is a key activated nucleotide sugar in bacteria, with a K_D value of 13 μM for Listeria monocytogenes RmlT. Thymidine-5'-diphosphate-L-rhamnose acts as a high-energy donor for L-Rhamnose (HY-N1420), and is specifically used for the synthesis of bacterial cell wall polysaccharides, capsules and virulence factors.

Antibacterial agent 134 is the major metabolite in the culture of Hymeniacidon perleve associated bioactive bacterium Pseudomonas sp. NJ6-3-1. Antibacterial agent 134 can be used for bacterial infection.

D-Fructose 6-phosphate is an endogenous metabolite. D-Fructose 6-phosphate can be obtained by hydrolysis of Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase). D-Fructose-6-phosphate is a sugar intermediate in the glycolysis pathway and the pentose phosphate pathway. D-Fructose-6-phosphate can be used to detect glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase and TAL activities. D-Fructose 6-phosphate can be used to study Lewy body dementia.

Phosphoramidon, a microbial metabolite, is a specific metalloprotease thermolysin inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 0.4 μg/mL. Phosphoramidon also inhibits endothelin-converting enzyme (ECE), neutral endopeptidase (NEP), and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) with IC₅₀ values of 3.5, 0.034, and 78 μM, respectively.

Maydispenoid A is a potent immunosuppressor. Maydispenoid A can inhibit anti-CD3/anti-CD28 mAbs activated and lipopolysaccharide activated murine splenocyte proliferation.

Versicolorin A is a biosynthetic precursor of Aflatoxin B1 (HY-N6615). Versicolorin A induces phosphorylation of p53. Versicolorin A activates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor AhR and significantly induces the expression of CYP1A1. Versicolorin A exerts genotoxic and cytotoxic effects. Versicolorin A enhances the genotoxicity of aflatoxin B1 in cells by promoting CYP450-mediated bioactivation of aflatoxin B1. Versicolorin A can be used in research related to colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma.

epi-Equisetin, a secondary metabolite, has antibacterial activity.

Chrodrimanin B, a metabolite of a fungal, is a potent, non-open-channel-blocking antagonist on?B.?mori GABAR RDL with an IC₅₀?of 1.13 nM. Chrodrimanin B attenuates the peak current amplitude of the GABA response of RDL with an IC₅₀?of 1.66 nM.?Chrodrimanin B, a meroterpenoid, shows insecticidal activity.

Avellanin B is a fungal metabolite with pressor effect.

Radicinin, a fungal phytotoxin, is a target-specific bioherbicide for Invasive Buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris) control.

Altenusin shows markedly DPPH radical scavenging activities.

Lynamicin B is a potential pesticide by acting as a lepidoptera-exclusive chitinase inhibitor with a K_i value of 8.76 μM.

16R-Hydroxy-3-oxolanosta7,9(11),24-trien-21-oic acid is a lanostanoid that can be found in the Sri Lankan basidiomycete Ganoderma applanatum.

α-L-Rhamnose is a neutral sugar present in plants, animals, viruses and bacteria. α-L-Rhamnose is a ligand for α-L-rhamnose-recognizing lectin sites, trigger intracellular signaling pathways. α-L-Rhamnose induces rhaE and rhaA expression as a specific carbon source in Aspergillus nidulans, while glucose inhibits its cellular uptake. α-L-Rhamnose induces rapid and transient increases in intracellular free Ca²⁺ concentration in normal human dermal fibroblasts.

Spinosyn A, a polyketide-derived macrolide produced by Saccharopolyspora spinosa, is a potent insecticide.

3,4-Dimethoxybenzamide, amide, is isolated from the solid culture of Streptoverticillium morookaense. 3,4-Dimethoxybenzamide can be used as the starting material to preparation Itopride hydrochloride.

Orotidine 5′-monophosphate is a pyrimidine ribonucleoside and plays a role as an endogenous metabolite of human, E. coli or mouse. Orotidine 5′-monophosphate is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of?uridine monophosphate (UMP). Orotidine 5′-monophosphate can be used for the study of mechanism of orotidine 5′-monophosphate decarboxylase.

2'-Deoxyadenosine-5'-triphosphate (dATP) is a nucleotide used in cells for DNA synthesis (or replication), as a substrate of DNA polymerase.

Leucinostatin (mixture of A&B), the major components of an atypical nonapeptide complex produced by Paecilomyces lilacinus, are antibiotics.