2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-112749
    ME-344
    		Inducer 99.80%
    ME-344 is an Isoflavone. ME-344 increases mitochondrial ROS generation. ME-344 inhibits tubulin polymerization. ME-344 inhibits HO-1 and impacts its mitochondrial translocation. ME-344 induces Apoptosis through Caspase 3 activation. ME-344 synergizes with Vinblastine in leukemia cells. ME-344 displays anti-tumor activity against leukemia and lung tumor. ME-344 can be used in the research of lung cancer, acute myeloid leukemia, and HER2-negative breast cancer.
    ME-344
  • HY-14994
    SCH79797 dihydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.91%
    SCH79797 dihydrochloride is a highly potent, selective nonpeptide protease activated receptor 1 (PAR1) antagonist. SCH79797 dihydrochloride inhibits binding of a high-affinity thrombin receptor-activating peptide to PAR1 with an IC50 of 70 nM and a Ki of 35 nM. SCH79797 dihydrochloride inhibits thrombin-induced platelet aggregation with an IC50 of 3 μM. SCH79797 dihydrochloride has antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects, and limits myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat hearts. SCH79797 dihydrochloride also potently prevents PAR1 activation in vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and astrocytes.
    SCH79797 dihydrochloride
  • HY-145785A
    ADH-6 TFA
    		Inducer 99.91%
    ADH-6 TFA is a tripyridylamide compound. ADH-6 abrogates self-assembly of the aggregation-nucleating subdomain of mutant p53 DBD. ADH-6 TFA targets and dissociates mutant p53 aggregates in human cancer cells, which restores p53's transcriptional activity, leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. ADH-6 TFA has the potential for the research of cancer diseases.
    ADH-6 TFA
  • HY-120599
    Sabizabulin
    		Inducer 99.00%
    VERU-111 (ABI-231) is a potent and orally active α and β tubulin inhibitor, which displays strong antiproliferative activity, with an average IC50 of 5.2 nM against panels of melanoma and prostate cancer cell lines. VERU-111 (ABI-231) suppresses tumor growth and metastatic phenotypes of cervical cancer cells via targeting HPV E6 and E7, and has potential for the treatment of prostate cancer.
    Sabizabulin
  • HY-150109
    Purinostat mesylate
    		Inducer 99.45%
    Purinostat mesylate is a selective inhibitor of HDAC. Purinostat mesylate inhibits class I and class IIb HDACs with IC50s from 0.81 to 11.5 nM. Purinostat mesylate induces apoptosis and affects cell cycle of LAMA84 and 188 BL-2 cells, and shows potently anti-leukemia effects in vivo. Purinostat mesylate can be used for the research of lymphoblastic leukemia.
    Purinostat mesylate
  • HY-15485
    Zardaverine
    		Inducer 98.64%
    Zardaverine is an orally active and selective PDE3/4 inhibitor (IC50)=0.58 uM/0.17 uM) with potent bronchodilator activity. Zardaverine also selectively inhibits the proliferation of HCC cells and induces apoptosis and cycle arrest (G0/G1 phase). Zardaverine has good antitumor potential and is effective in both bronchial relaxation and reduction of inflammation in asthma.
    Zardaverine
  • HY-147219A
    SIAIS164018 hydrochloride
    		Inducer 98.06%
    SIAIS164018 hydrochloride is a PROTAC-based ALK and EGFR degrader, with IC50 value of 2.5 nM and 6.6 nM for ALK and ALK G1202R, respectively. SIAIS164018 hydrochloride strongly inhibits cancer cells migration and invasion, causes G1 cell cycle arrest and induces apoptosis. SIAIS164018 hydrochloride exhibits better property than Brigatinib (HY-12857).
    SIAIS164018 hydrochloride
  • HY-15573
    EI1
    		Inducer 98.84%
    EI1 (KB-145943) is a potent and selective EZH2 inhibitor with IC50 of 15 nM and 13 nM for EZH2 (WT) and EZH2 (Y641F), respectively.
    EI1
  • HY-16138A
    Ivaltinostat formic
    		Inducer 98.04%
    Ivaltinostat (CG-200745) formic is an orally active, potent pan-HDAC inhibitor which has the hydroxamic acid moiety to bind zinc at the bottom of catalytic pocket. Ivaltinostat formic inhibits deacetylation of histone H3 and tubulin. Ivaltinostat formic induces the accumulation of p53, promotes p53-dependent transactivation, and enhances the expression of MDM2 and p21 (Waf1/Cip1) proteins. Ivaltinostat formic enhances the sensitivity of Gemcitabine-resistant cells to Gemcitabine (HY-16138) and 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU; HY-90006). Ivaltinostat formic induces apoptosis and has anti-tumour effects.
    Ivaltinostat formic
  • HY-W013699
    Chlorhexidine diacetate
    		Inducer 99.68%
    Chlorhexidine diacetate is a orally active cationic antimicrobial agent that targets microbial cell membranes. Chlorhexidine diacetate binds to cell membrane phospholipids non-specifically, destroys membrane structure and induces leakage of cell contents. Chlorhexidine diacetate has broad-spectrum bactericidal activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Chlorhexidine diacetate can interfere with membrane permeability, cause protein precipitation and energy metabolism disorders, such as rapid inhibition of microbial growth and induction of cell death (necrosis or apoptosis).
    Chlorhexidine diacetate
  • HY-43643
    DC-5163
    		Inducer 99.30%
    DC-5163 is a potent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) inhibitor with an IC50 of 176.3 nM and a Kd of 3.192 μM. DC-5163 can inhibit glycolysis pathway partially. DC-5163 also selectively inhibits cancer cell proliferation and induces apoptosis.
    DC-5163
  • HY-N0444
    Rubiadin
    		Inducer 99.20%
    Rubiadin is an orally active free radical scavenger that inhibits the activation of the NF-κB pathway. Rubiadin inhibits osteoclast formation, bone resorption, lipid peroxidation, HBV DNA replication and cancer cell proliferation; reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine levels; induces cancer cell apoptosis; and possesses antifungal, antimalarial, antibacterial and anticonvulsant activities. Rubiadin can be used in the research of osteoporosis, acute inflammation, chronic inflammation, carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury, Alzheimer's disease, breast cancer, iron overload disorders, hepatitis B virus infection, colon cancer, liver cancer, T-lymphocytic leukemia, cervical cancer, diabetic nephropathy, epileptic seizures, fungal infections, malaria and bacterial infections.
    Rubiadin
  • HY-B0302A
    Etidronic acid disodium
    		Inducer 98.0%
    Etidronic acid (Etidronate) disodium is an orally and intravenously active bisphosphonate. Etidronic acid disodium inhibits resorption of bone, reduces arterial calcification and can be used for osteoporosis research. Etidronic acid disodium has anticancer activity. Etidronic acid disodium is a chelating agent and can be used to remove heavy metal in water.
    Etidronic acid disodium
  • HY-108391
    C8-Ceramide
    		Inducer 98.0%
    C8-Ceramide (N-Octanoyl-D-erythro-sphingosine) is a cell-permeable analog of naturally occurring ceramides. C8-Ceramide has anti-proliferation properties and acts as a potent chemotherapeutic agent. C8-Ceramide stimulates dendritic cells to promote T cell responses upon virus infections. C8-Ceramide induces slight activation of protein kinase (PKC) in vitro.
    C8-Ceramide
  • HY-N2566
    Euscaphic acid
    		Inducer 98.14%
    Euscaphic acid, a DNA polymerase inhibitor, is a triterpene from the root of the R. alceaefolius Poir. Euscaphic inhibits calf DNA polymerase α (pol α) and rat DNA polymerase β (pol β) with IC50 values of 61 and 108 μM. Euscaphic acid induces apoptosis.
    Euscaphic acid
  • HY-158196
    PERK/eIF2α activator 1
    		98.88%
    PERK/eIF2α activator 1 (compound V8) is a flavonoid with an anti-tumor activity. PERK/eIF2α activator 1 induces apoptosis and activates the PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 pathway. PERK/eIF2α activator 1 inhibits HepG2 cell proliferation with an IC50 value of 23 μM.
    PERK/eIF2α activator 1
  • HY-N1745A
    3-Deoxysappanchalcone
    		Inducer 99.77%
    3-Deoxysappanchalcone is a natural chalcone compound isolated from the heartwood of Caesalpinia sappan L. 3-Deoxysappanchalcone induces cell cycle arrest, ROS production, and apoptosis. 3-Deoxysappanchalcone exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anticoagulant, and antithrombotic activities. 3-Deoxysappanchalcone is applicable to research related to lung cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, thrombosis, and influenza virus infection.
    3-Deoxysappanchalcone
  • HY-150280
    Ironomycin
    		Inducer 99.85%
    Ironomycin is a derivative of Salinomycin (HY-15597). Ironomycin exhibits selective inhibitory activity against mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) cells. Ironomycin blocks the cell cycle and induces apoptosis and ferroptosis. Ironomycin induces double-strand DNA breaks and activates the unfolded protein response (UPR), particularly the IRE1α signaling pathway accumulation. The combination of Ironomycin with Ibrutinib (HY-10997) shows a synergistic effect. Ironomycin can be used for the study of MCL.
    Ironomycin
  • HY-10815
    σ1 Receptor antagonist-1
    		Inducer 99.89%
    σ1 Receptor antagonist-1 is a highly potent and selective sigma 1 receptor antagonist (pKi=10.28). σ1 Receptor antagonist-1 inhibits cell growth, arrests cell cycle at G0/G1 phase and induces apoptosis of MCF-7/ADR cells.
    σ1 Receptor antagonist-1
  • HY-N5025
    Bullatine A
    		Inhibitor 98.0%
    Bullatine A, a diterpenoid alkaloid, is a potent P2X7 antagonist. Bullatine A possesses anti-rheumatic, anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects. Bullatine A inhibits ATP-induced BV-2 cell death/apoptosis and P2X receptor-mediated inflammatory responses. Bullatine A suppresses glioma cell growth by targeting SIRT6. Bullatine A specifically attenuates pain hypersensitivity in rats. Bullatine A attenuates LPS (HY-D1056)-induced systemic inflammatory response by inhibiting the ROS/JNK/NF-κB pathway in mice. Bullatine A improves despair behavior in Chronic chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) mice. Bullatine A can be used for the study of inflammation, glioblastoma (GBM) and depression.
    Bullatine A
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity