2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-139539
    Thalidomide-5-COOH
    		Inducer 99.94%
    Thalidomide-5-COOH is the Thalidomide-based cereblon ligand used in the recruitment of CRBN protein. Thalidomide-5-COOH can be connected to the ligand for protein by a linker to form PROTACs.
    Thalidomide-5-COOH
  • HY-169266
    BRD-K56819078
    		Inhibitor 99.93%
    BRD-K56819078 is a Bcl-2 inhibitor that significantly reduces senescent cell load and senescence-related genes in the kidney mRNA expression. BRD-K56819078 exerts anti-aging effects by inhibiting apoptosis.
    BRD-K56819078
  • HY-126457
    Thalidomide-propargyl
    		Inducer 99.97%
    Thalidomide-propargyl is the Thalidomide-based Cereblon ligand used in the recruitment of CRBN protein. Thalidomide-propargyl can be connected to the ligand for protein by a linker to form the IMiD containing PROTACs. Thalidomide-propargyl is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
    Thalidomide-propargyl
  • HY-147914
    NSD2-IN-1
    		Inducer 98.72%
    NSD2-IN-1 (compound 38) is a potent and high selective NSD2-PWWP1 (nuclear receptor-binding SET domain 2-PWWP1) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 0.11 μM. NSD2-IN-1 can bind to NSD2-PWWP1 and then affect the expression of genes regulated by NSD2. NSD2-IN-1 induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest.
    NSD2-IN-1
  • HY-N1931
    Epifriedelanol
    		Inducer 99.69%
    Epifriedelanol is a triterpenoid found in the root bark of Ulmus davidiana. Epifriedelanol induces apoptosis in DU145 cells. Epifriedelanol has antitumor and anti-inflammatory activities. Epifriedelanol inhibits cellular senescence in human primary cells.
    Epifriedelanol
  • HY-115565
    CGP-74514
    		Inducer 98.02%
    CGP-74514 (Compound 13) is a highly selective cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) inhibitor (IC50=25 nM). CGP-74514 inhibits CDK1/cyclin B complex activity, arrests the cell cycle at G2/M phase and induces tumor cell apoptosis. CGP-74514 is promising for research of bladder cancer.
    CGP-74514
  • HY-B2046
    Simazine
    		Inducer 99.44%
    Simazine is a triazine herbicide. Simazine is widely used in agriculture, potted plant and tree production. In addition, Simazine can induce the apoptosis of immune cells in the spleen of mice and inhibit the proliferation of B cells and T cells in mice.
    Simazine
  • HY-P1077A
    CALP1 TFA
    		Inhibitor 98.15%
    CALP1 TFA is a calmodulin (CaM) agonist (Kd of 88 µM) with binding to the CaM EF-hand/Ca2+-binding site. CALP1 TFA blocks calcium influx and apoptosis (IC50 of 44.78 µM) through inhibition of calcium channel opening. CALP1 TFA blocks glutamate receptor channels and blocks a store-operated nonselective cation channel. CALP1 TFA activates CaM-dependent phosphodiesterase activity.
    CALP1 TFA
  • HY-N0439R
    Asiaticoside (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Asiaticoside (Standard) is the analytical standard of Asiaticoside. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Asiaticoside, a trisaccaride triterpene from Centella asiatica, suppresses TGF-β/Smad signaling through inducing Smad7 and inhibiting TGF-βRI and TGF-βRII in keloid fibroblasts; Asiaticoside shows antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-ulcer properties.
    Asiaticoside (Standard)
  • HY-N1446S5
    Oleic acid-d9
    		99.6%
    Oleic acid-d9 is deuterium labeled Oleic acid (HY-N1446). Oleic acid is an abundant monounsaturated fatty acid. Oleic acid is a Na+/K+ ATPase activato.
    Oleic acid-d<sub>9</sub>
  • HY-171955
    LXG6403
    		Inducer 99.85%
    LXG6403 is an orally active and irreversible LOX inhibitor (IC50 = 1.3 μM). LXG6403 is ~3.5-fold more specific for LOX than LOXL2 and does not inhibit LOXL1. LXG6403 inhibits FAK signaling and induces ROS generation and DNA damage, leading to G1 arrest and apoptosis in chemoresistant triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines. LXG6403 alters the extracellular matrix (ECM) and collagen structure, reducing collagen cross-linking and deposition, thereby increasing drug penetration and reducing tumor stiffness. LXG6403 overcomes Doxorubicin (HY-15142) resistance in chemoresistant TNBC PDX in vivo and can be used to study high-stiffness resistant tumors.
    LXG6403
  • HY-50895R
    Gefitinib (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Gefitinib (Standard) is the analytical standard of Gefitinib. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Gefitinib (ZD1839) is a potent, selective and orally active EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor with an IC50 of 33 nM. Gefitinib selectively inhibits EGF-stimulated tumor cell growth (IC50 of 54 nM) and that blocks EGF-stimulated EGFR autophosphorylation in tumor cells. Gefitinib also induces autophagy and cell apoptosis, which can be used for cancer related research, such as Lung cancer and breast cancer .
    Gefitinib (Standard)
  • HY-15716
    Kobe0065
    		Inducer 99.93%
    Kobe0065 is a novel and effective inhibitor of Ras-Raf interaction, competitively inhibiting the binding of H-Ras·GTP to c-Raf-1 RBD with a Ki value of 46±13 μM.
    Kobe0065
  • HY-N0907
    Ginsenoside Rg6
    		Inducer 99.87%
    Ginsenoside Rg6 inhibits TNF-α-induced NF-κB transcriptional activity with an IC50 of 29.34 μM in HepG2 cells. Ginsenoside Rg6 also exhibits apoptosis-inducing effect.
    Ginsenoside Rg6
  • HY-N1983
    Caudatin
    		Inducer 99.95%
    Caudatin is an orally active and brain-penetrant C-21 steroidal found in Cynanchum bungei decne with a variety of biological activities. Caudatin can inhibit cell proliferation, migration, invasion, cause cell phase arrest, induce apoptosis, autophagy, ROS prodution and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Caudatin activates PARP, caspase-3, -7, -9, upregulates pro-apoptotic Bad and Bax and downregulates anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL. Caudatin suppresses VEGF, FAK phosphorylation, upregulates p21, p27, DR5 protein expression, activates the p38 MAPK, JNK and PPARα/TFEB-mediated autophagy-lysosomal signaling pathways. Caudatin can be used for the research of cancer, inflammation and neurological disease, such as glioma and Alzheimer's disease.
    Caudatin
  • HY-N0438
    Pimpinellin
    		Inducer 99.67%
    Pimpinellin is a constituent of Cyrtomium fortumei (J.). Pimpinellin inhibits the growth of tumor cells via the induction of tumor cell apoptosis.
    Pimpinellin
  • HY-145159
    SHP2 protein degrader-1
    		Inhibitor 98.94%
    SHP2 protein degrader-1 is a potent allosteric inhibitor and a PROTAC degrader of SHP2. SHP2 protein degrader-1 induces SHP2 degradation and cell apoptosis. SHP2 protein degrader-1 has the potential for researching SHP2 related diseases.
    SHP2 protein degrader-1
  • HY-113953
    Z-Asp-CH2-DCB
    		Inhibitor 99.64%
    Z-Asp-CH2-DCB is an irreversible broad spectrum caspase inhibitor. Z-Asp-CH2-DCB also inhibits proteases with caspase-like activity. Z-D-CH2-DCB blocks the production of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-γ in staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and reduces SEB-1-stimulated T-cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Z-Asp-CH2-DCB prevents SU5416-induced septal cell apoptosis and emphysema development.
    Z-Asp-CH2-DCB
  • HY-153202
    SLMP53-2
    		Inducer 99.96%
    SLMP53-2 is a mutant p53 reactivator. SLMP53-2 restores wild-type-like conformation and DNA-binding ability of mutp53-Y220C by enhancing its interaction with the Hsp70, leading to the reestablishment of p53 transcriptional activity. SLMP53-2 can induce cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. SLMP53-2 exhibits antitumor activity.
    SLMP53-2
  • HY-100490A
    Rilmenidine hemifumarate
    		Inducer 99.82%
    Rilmenidine hemifumarate, an innovative antihypertensive agent, is an orally active, selective I1 imidazoline receptor agonist. Rilmenidine hemifumarate is an alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist. Rilmenidine hemifumarate induces autophagy. Rilmenidine hemifumarate acts both centrally by reducing sympathetic overactivity and in the kidney by inhibiting the Na+/H+ antiport. Rilmenidine hemifumarate modulates proliferation and stimulates the proapoptotic protein Bax thus inducing the perturbation of the mitochondrial pathway and apoptosis in human leukemic K562 cells .
    Rilmenidine hemifumarate
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity