Cat. No.: HY-N0566

23-Hydroxybetulinic acid

(Synonyms: Anemosapogenin)

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23-Hydroxybetulinic acid (Anemosapogenin) is an orally active triterpenoid with broad-spectrum anticancer activity. 23-Hydroxybetulinic acid reduces the levels of Bcl-2 and survivin, elevates the level of Bax, promotes the cleavage/activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9, and induces apoptosis via the endogenous mitochondrial pathway involving cytochrome C release and mitochondrial membrane potential disruption. 23-Hydroxybetulinic acid arrests the cell cycle at S and G1 phases, inhibits cancer cell proliferation, blocks the MAPK signaling pathway, regulates MMP2, and induces autophagic apoptosis by upregulating beclin-1. 23-Hydroxybetulinic acid inhibits the activity and efflux function of P-gp, increases the intracellular accumulation of chemotherapeutic drugs, and synergistically enhances cytotoxicity with Doxorubicin (HY-15142). 23-Hydroxybetulinic acid inhibits the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of STAT6, blocks M2 macrophage polarization, and reduces M2 macrophage-mediated apoptosis resistance of colon cancer cells. 23-Hydroxybetulinic acid can be used in related studies on chronic myeloid leukemia, hepatocellular carcinoma, sarcoma 180, multidrug-resistant breast cancer, leukemia, Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity, and colorectal cancer.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity: 99.44%
CAS No.: 85999-40-2
Formula: C₃₀H₄₈O₄
Molecular Weight:472.70

Storage:

-20°C, protect from light

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)

23-Hydroxybetulinic acid Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 85999-40-2

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Fluorescent Dye

Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Biological Activity
- Description
- IC₅₀ & Target
- Cellular Effect
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Chemical Information
Solvent & Solubility
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Purity & Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
Classifications
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

IC₅₀ & Target^[1]^[2]

Caspase 3

Caspase-9

Bax

Bcl-2

MMP-2

All Bcl-2 Family Isoforms :

All Caspase Isoforms :

All p38 MAPK Isoforms :

All MMP Isoforms :

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
A2780	IC₅₀	79.12 μM Compound: 1; HBA	Antiproliferative activity against human A2780 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human A2780 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 31491611]
A-375	IC₅₀	41.99 μM Compound: 1	Antiproliferative activity against human A375 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human A375 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 21496972]
A-375	IC₅₀	76.3 μM Compound: 1; HBA	Antiproliferative activity against human A375 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human A375 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 31491611]
A549	IC₅₀	51.44 μM Compound: 23-HBA; 4	Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells overexpressing NQO1 assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells overexpressing NQO1 assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 35803175]
A549	IC₅₀	87.6 μM Compound: HBA	Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells by MTT assay	[PMID: 17275295]
B16	IC₅₀	18.68 μM Compound: 1	Antiproliferative activity against mouse B16 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against mouse B16 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 21496972]
B16	IC₅₀	29.87 μM Compound: 1, HBA	Antiproliferative activity against mouse B16 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against mouse B16 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 25529742]
B16	IC₅₀	29.87 μM Compound: 1, HBA	Antiproliferative activity against mouse B16 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 72 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against mouse B16 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 25984840]
B16	IC₅₀	29.87 μM Compound: HBA	Antiproliferative activity against mouse B16 cells after 72 hrs MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against mouse B16 cells after 72 hrs MTT assay	[PMID: 25247772]
B16	IC₅₀	83.04 μM Compound: HBA	Cytotoxicity against mouse B16 cells by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against mouse B16 cells by MTT assay	[PMID: 17275295]
B16-F10	IC₅₀	24.46 μM Compound: 1; 23-HBA	Antiproliferative activity against mouse B16F10 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against mouse B16F10 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 30344912]
Bel-7402	IC₅₀	39.67 μM Compound: 1, HBA	Antiproliferative activity against human Bel7402 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human Bel7402 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 25529742]
Bel-7402	IC₅₀	39.67 μM Compound: 1, HBA	Antiproliferative activity against human Bel7402 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 72 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human Bel7402 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 25984840]
Bel-7402	IC₅₀	39.67 μM Compound: HBA	Antiproliferative activity against human Bel7402 cells after 72 hrs MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human Bel7402 cells after 72 hrs MTT assay	[PMID: 25247772]
Bel-7402	IC₅₀	97.32 μM Compound: HBA	Cytotoxicity against human BEL-7402 cells by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human BEL-7402 cells by MTT assay	[PMID: 17275295]
C6	IC₅₀	99.48 μM Compound: HBA	Cytotoxicity against mouse C6 cells by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against mouse C6 cells by MTT assay	[PMID: 17275295]
HeLa	IC₅₀	46.22 μM Compound: 1	Antiproliferative activity against human HeLa cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human HeLa cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 21496972]
HeLa	IC₅₀	52.39 μM Compound: 1, HBA	Antiproliferative activity against human HeLa cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human HeLa cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 25529742]
HeLa	IC₅₀	52.39 μM Compound: 1, HBA	Antiproliferative activity against human HeLa cells assessed as growth inhibition after 72 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human HeLa cells assessed as growth inhibition after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 25984840]
HeLa	IC₅₀	52.39 μM Compound: HBA	Antiproliferative activity against human HeLa cells after 72 hrs MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human HeLa cells after 72 hrs MTT assay	[PMID: 25247772]
HepG2	IC₅₀	41.41 μM Compound: 1	Antiproliferative activity against human HepG2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human HepG2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 21496972]
HepG2	IC₅₀	71.84 μM Compound: 1; HBA	Antiproliferative activity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 31491611]
HFL1	IC₅₀	75 μM Compound: 23-HBA; 4	Cytotoxicity against human HFL1 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HFL1 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 35803175]
HL-60	IC₅₀	45.15 μM Compound: 1, HBA	Antiproliferative activity against human HL60 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human HL60 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 25529742]
HL-60	IC₅₀	45.15 μM Compound: 1, HBA	Antiproliferative activity against human HL60 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 72 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human HL60 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 25984840]
HL-60	IC₅₀	45.15 μM Compound: HBA	Antiproliferative activity against human HL60 cells after 72 hrs MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human HL60 cells after 72 hrs MTT assay	[PMID: 25247772]
HT-29	IC₅₀	54.81 μM Compound: 23-HBA; 4	Antiproliferative activity against human HT-29 cells overexpressing NQO1 assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human HT-29 cells overexpressing NQO1 assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 35803175]
L02	IC₅₀	79.15 μM Compound: 1; HBA	Cytotoxicity against human L02 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human L02 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 31491611]
M14	IC₅₀	50 μM Compound: 7	Cytotoxicity against human M14 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human M14 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 21954959]
MCF7	IC₅₀	20.83 μM Compound: 1; 23-HBA	Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 30344912]
MCF7	IC₅₀	46.61 μM Compound: 1	Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 21496972]
MCF7	IC₅₀	74.98 μM Compound: 1; HBA	Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 31491611]
NCI-H596	IC₅₀	58.12 μM Compound: 23-HBA; 4	Antiproliferative activity against NQO1-deficient human NCI-H596 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against NQO1-deficient human NCI-H596 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 35803175]

In Vitro

23-Hydroxybetulinic acid (0-300 μM; 48 h) potently inhibits proliferation of human chronic myelogenous leukemia K562 cells (IC₅₀ = 39.9 μM) and exhibits lower cytotoxicity against B16, HeLa, and HUVEC cells^[1].
23-Hydroxybetulinic acid (0-80 μM; 24 h) induces concentration-dependent S phase cell cycle arrest in human chronic myelogenous leukemia K562 cells after 24 h of treatment, with 80 μM HBA increasing S phase cells to 52.34%^[1].
23-Hydroxybetulinic acid (20-80 μM; 24 h) induces concentration-dependent apoptosis in human chronic myelogenous leukemia K562 cells after 24 h of treatment, as detected by Hoechst33342/PI dual staining^[1].
23-Hydroxybetulinic acid (20-80 μM; 24 h) significantly disrupts mitochondrial membrane potential in human chronic myelogenous leukemia K562 cells after 24 h of treatment, with 80 μM HBA reducing the red/green fluorescence ratio to 0.38^[1].
23-Hydroxybetulinic acid (10-80 μM; 24 h) triggers the intrinsic (mitochondrial) apoptosis pathway in human chronic myelogenous leukemia K562 cells after 24 h of treatment, via concentration-dependent modulation of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins and activation of caspases^[1].
23-Hydroxybetulinic acid (1.25-20 μM; 48-72 h) inhibits viability of Huh-7, Hep3B, and Li-7 human HCC cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, with the strongest effect in Huh-7 cells at 20 μM for 72 h^[2].
23-Hydroxybetulinic acid (1.25-20 μM; 2-3 weeks) inhibits colony formation of Huh-7, Hep3B, and Li-7 human HCC cells over 2-3 weeks, with the strongest effect in Huh-7 cells^[2].
23-Hydroxybetulinic acid (5-20 μM; 48 h) promotes apoptosis of human HCC Huh-7 cells after 48 h in a concentration-dependent manner, and this effect is reversed by Bcl-2 overexpression^[2].
23-Hydroxybetulinic acid (5-20 μM) modulates apoptosis-related protein expression in human HCC Huh-7 cells, upregulating Bax and downregulating Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3 in a concentration-dependent manner^[2].
23-Hydroxybetulinic acid (5-20 μM) modulates migration/invasion and MAPK pathway-related protein expression in human HCC Huh-7 cells, decreasing MMP2, MMP9, p-MEK1/2, and p-ERK1/2 while increasing TIMP2 in a concentration-dependent manner^[2].
23-Hydroxybetulinic acid (5-20 μM; 48 h) inhibits migration invasionof human HCC Huh-7 cells after 48 h in a concentration-dependent manner^[2].
23-Hydroxybetulinic acid (48 h) dose-dependently inhibits the growth of NCI-H460, SGC7901, HepG2, and sarcoma 180 cells with average IC₅₀ values of 49.2 μM, 49.1 μM, 306.4 μM, and 28.0 μM, respectively^[3].
23-Hydroxybetulinic acid (0.2-20 μM; 48 h) dose-dependently increases ADR cytotoxicity to P-gp-overexpressing MCF-7/ADR human breast carcinoma cells, reducing cell survival^[4].
23-Hydroxybetulinic acid (0.2-20 μM; 48 h) dose-dependently increases VCR cytotoxicity to P-gp-overexpressing MCF-7/ADR human breast carcinoma cells, reducing cell survival^[4].
23-Hydroxybetulinic acid (2-20 μM) dose-dependently increases ADR-induced apoptosis in P-gp-overexpressing MCF-7/ADR human breast carcinoma cells^[4].
23-Hydroxybetulinic acid (0.2-20 μM; 1 h) dose-dependently increases intracellular ADR accumulation in P-gp-overexpressing MCF-7/ADR human breast carcinoma cells^[4].
23-Hydroxybetulinic acid (0.2-20 μM; 1 h) dose-dependently increases intracellular VCR accumulation in P-gp-overexpressing MCF-7/ADR human breast carcinoma cells^[4].
23-hydroxybetulinic acid (6.25-100 μM; 6, 12, 24, 48 h) potently inhibits HL-60 cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner, with an IC₅₀ of 20.12 μM at 48 h^[5].
23-hydroxybetulinic acid (12.5 μM; 24 h) induces formation of autophagic vacuoles in HL-60 cells^[5].
23-hydroxybetulinic acid (12.5-50 μM; 24 h) arrests HL-60 cells at the G1 phase of the cell cycle, with increasing G1 phase occupancy at higher concentrations^[5].
23-hydroxybetulinic acid (12.5-50 μM; 6, 12, 24 h) induces autophagic apoptosis in HL-60 cells in vitro in a time- and dose-dependent manner, with rates ranging from 11.60% to 78.73% across tested concentrations and times^[5].
23-hydroxybetulinic acid upregulates beclin-1 mRNA expression in HL-60 cells in vitro in a dose-dependent manner^[5].
23-Hydroxybetulinic acid (0.2-20 μM; 24 h) concentration-dependently reduces Doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity in rat H9c2 cells, increasing the IC₅₀ of Doxorubicin to 12.94, 17.67, and 26.55 μM at concentrations of 0.2, 2, and 20 μM (for 24 h) respectively^[6].
23-Hydroxybetulinic acid (2.5-40 μM; 48 h) is non-toxic to THP-1-derived M0 macrophages at concentrations up to 20 μM after 48 h of incubation^[7].
23-Hydroxybetulinic acid (10-20 μM; 48 h) concentration-dependently inhibits IL-4-induced M2 polarization of THP-1-derived macrophages, as measured by reduced CD206 expression after 48 h of incubation^[7].
23-Hydroxybetulinic acid (10-20 μM; 48 h) concentration-dependently downregulates mRNA levels of M2-associated genes (CD206, Arg1, IL-10, CCL2) in IL-4-stimulated THP-1-derived macrophages after 48 h of incubation^[7].
23-Hydroxybetulinic acid (10-20 μM; 48 h) concentration-dependently inhibits IL-4-induced STAT6 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation in THP-1-derived macrophages after 48 h of incubation, via direct binding to STAT6^[7].
23-Hydroxybetulinic acid (20 μM; 48 h) inhibits IL-4-induced M2 polarization of THP-1-derived macrophages in a STAT6-dependent manner after 48 h of incubation with IL-4^[7].
23-Hydroxybetulinic acid (10-20 μM; 48 h) concentration-dependently inhibits IL-4-induced IL-10 secretion by THP-1-derived macrophages, as measured in conditioned medium after 72 h of serum-free culture following 48 h of 23-HBA incubation^[7].
23-Hydroxybetulinic acid (20 μM; 48 h) inhibits the IL-10/STAT3/Bcl-2 signaling pathway in 5-FU-treated SW480 colorectal cancer cells cultured in conditioned medium from 23-HBA-treated macrophages, after 48 h of 5-FU incubation^[7].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Cell Cytotoxicity Assay^[1]

Cell Line:

human chronic myelogenous leukemia K562 cells, mouse melanoma B16 cells, human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells, human umbilical vein endothelial HUVEC cells
Concentration:

0-300 μM
Incubation Time:

48 h
Result:

Inhibited proliferation of K562 cells with an IC₅₀ of 39.9 μM, B16 cells with an IC₅₀ of 78.5 μM, HeLa cells with an IC₅₀ of 80.0 μM, and HUVEC cells with an IC₅₀ of 94.8 μM.
Caused decreased cell population and morphological shrinkage in K562 cells.

Cell Cycle Analysis^[1]

Cell Line:

human chronic myelogenous leukemia K562 cells
Concentration:

20 μM; 40 μM; 80 μM
Incubation Time:

24 h
Result:

Increased the percentage of K562 cells in S phase from 26.35% (untreated) to 31.6%, 32.81%, and 52.34% at 20, 40, and 80 μM, respectively.
Reduced G₀/G₁ and G₂/M phase populations in a concentration-dependent manner.

Apoptosis Analysis^[1]

Cell Line:

human chronic myelogenous leukemia K562 cells
Concentration:

20 μM; 40 μM; 80 μM
Incubation Time:

24 h
Result:

Caused concentration-dependent increases in nuclear condensation (bright blue fluorescence) and uptake of PI (red fluorescence, indicating necrotic/advanced apoptotic cells) in K562 cells.\nIncreased total apoptotic K562 cells to 8.3%, 11.4%, and 18.2% at 20, 40, and 80 μM, respectively, compared to 3.8% in untreated cells.

Western Blot Analysis^[1]

Cell Line:

human chronic myelogenous leukemia K562 cells
Concentration:

10 μM; 20 μM; 40 μM; 80 μM
Incubation Time:

24 h
Result:

Increased pro-apoptotic Bax, cytosolic cytochrome C, cleaved caspase-9, and cleaved caspase-3 levels in a concentration-dependent manner.
Decreased anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and survivin levels in a concentration-dependent manner.

Cell Viability Assay^[2]

Cell Line:

Huh-7, Hep3B, Li-7 (human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines)
Concentration:

1.25 μM; 2.5 μM; 5 μM; 10 μM; 20 μM
Incubation Time:

48 h; 72 h
Result:

Significantly inhibited viability of Huh-7, Hep3B, and Li-7 cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner.
Caused a more pronounced decline in cell viability at 20 μM for 72 h than for 48 h, with the strongest inhibitory effect observed in Huh-7 cells.

Apoptosis Analysis^[2]

Cell Line:

Huh-7 (human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line)
Concentration:

5 μM; 10 μM; 20 μM
Incubation Time:

48 h
Result:

Caused dose-dependent nuclear shrinkage, cytoplasmic/nuclear fractionation, and formation of apoptotic bodies in Huh-7 cells, with increased numbers of apoptotic cells at higher concentrations.\nIncreased the apoptosis rate of Huh-7 cells in a concentration-dependent manner.
Had its pro-apoptotic effect reversed by overexpression of Bcl-2.

Cell Migration Assay ^[2]

Cell Line:

Huh-7 (human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line)
Concentration:

5 μM; 10 μM; 20 μM
Incubation Time:

48 h
Result:

Inhibited migration of Huh-7 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, with more pronounced inhibition at higher concentrations.

Cell Invasion Assay^[2]

Cell Line:

Huh-7 (human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line)
Concentration:

5 μM; 10 μM; 20 μM
Incubation Time:

48 h
Result:

Inhibited invasion of Huh-7 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, with more pronounced inhibition at higher concentrations.

Cell Autophagy Assay^[5]

Cell Line:

HL-60
Concentration:

12.5 μM
Incubation Time:

24 h
Result:

Induced formation of numerous autophagic vacuoles and empty vacuoles in treated cells.

Apoptosis Analysis^[5]

Cell Line:

HL-60
Concentration:

12.5-50 μM
Incubation Time:

6, 12, 24 h
Result:

Induced autophagic apoptosis with rates of 11.60% (12.5 μM, 6 h), 17.49% (12.5 μM, 12 h), 28.37% (12.5 μM, 24 h), 25.90% (25 μM, 6 h), 49.00% (25 μM, 12 h), 72.20% (25 μM, 24 h), 28.17% (50 μM, 6 h), 60.69% (50 μM, 12 h), 78.73% (50 μM, 24 h).

Cell Viability Assay^[6]

Cell Line:

rat H9c2 cells
Concentration:

0.2, 2, 20 μM
Incubation Time:

24 h
Result:

Increased the IC₅₀ of doxorubicin from 11.65 μM to 12.94, 17.67, and 26.55 μM respectively.
Concentration-dependently improved the viability of doxorubicin-treated cells.

RT-PCR^[7]

Cell Line:

THP-1-derived macrophages
Concentration:

10-20 μM (co-incubated with IL-4)
Incubation Time:

48 h
Result:

Concentration-dependently reduced the IL-4-induced upregulation of CD206, Arg1, IL-10, and CCL2 mRNA levels.

Western Blot Analysis^[7]

Cell Line:

THP-1-derived macrophages
Concentration:

10-20 μM (co-incubated with IL-4)
Incubation Time:

48 h
Result:

Concentration-dependently reduced IL-4-induced STAT6 phosphorylation with no effect on JAK2 phosphorylation.
Inhibited nuclear translocation of p-STAT6.
Bound to STAT6 with a docking score of -7.04, forming hydrogen bonds with Glu 219, Gln 281, and Pro 279 residues.

In Vivo

23-Hydroxybetulinic acid (10-20 mg/kg/day; daily; 4 weeks) dose-dependently suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma tumor growth, lung metastasis, and immunosuppression in nude mice, with 20 mg/kg producing near-complete elimination of lung metastases, while showing no obvious toxic effects^[2].
23-Hydroxybetulinic acid (20-100 mg/kg; i.g.; daily; 7 consecutive days; 1 hour prior to Doxorubicin (HY-15142) when in combination) alone has no significant in vivo antitumor activity in sarcoma 180-bearing mice, but when co-administered with doxorubicin, it produces synergistic antitumor effects (52% and 59% tumor weight reduction at 20 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg, respectively), increases intra-tumor doxorubicin accumulation, inhibits Doxorubicin-induced P-gp up-regulation, and alleviates Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity^[3].
23-Hydroxybetulinic acid (20-80 mg/kg/day; i.g.; daily) dose-dependently alleviates Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in male Balb/c mice, with the 80 mg/kg/day oral dose reducing heart Doxorubicin accumulation by 46.52% and improving left ventricular ejection fraction to 75.68%^[6].
23-Hydroxybetulinic acid (7.5-15 mg/kg; i.p.; daily) inhibits M2 macrophage polarization via STAT6 signaling in mice, slightly reduces colorectal tumor weight alone, and enhances 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) (HY-90006)'s anti-tumor efficacy by approximately 80% when co-administered, without causing obvious toxicity^[7].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:

BALB/c nude mice (male, 4-6 weeks old, 18-20 g, subcutaneously injected with HCC cells)^[2]
Dosage:

10 mg/kg/day; 20 mg/kg/day
Administration:

daily; 4 weeks
Result:

Reduced tumor volume and weight, with 20 mg/kg producing a more pronounced decline.
Reduced positive expression of Ki-67, MMP2, and MMP9, and increased positive expression of cleaved caspase-3 in tumor tissues of mice treated with 20 mg/kg.
Reduced the number of metastatic lung nodules in mice treated with 10 mg/kg, and eliminated almost all lung nodules in mice treated with 20 mg/kg.
Reduced the percentage of CD11b⁺Gr1⁺ myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in a concentration-dependent manner.
Caused no obvious body weight loss or pathological lesions in heart, liver, spleen, lung, or kidney tissues with either dose.

Animal Model:

ICR (male, 18-22 g)^[3]
Dosage:

20 mg/kg; 100 mg/kg
Administration:

i.g.; daily; 7 consecutive days; 1 hour prior to Doxorubicin when in combination
Result:

Exerted no significant inhibitory effects on tumor weight when administered alone at 20 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg.
Reduced tumor weight by 52% when co-administered with Doxorubicin at 20 mg/kg.
Reduced tumor weight by 59% when co-administered with doxorubicin at 100 mg/kg; both combination groups showed significantly better therapeutic efficacy than Doxorubicin alone.
Dose-dependently increased intra-tumor Doxorubicin concentration, with the 100 mg/kg dose producing a statistically significant increase.
Had no effect on P-gp expression in tumors when administered alone.
Significantly prevented doxorubicin-induced up-regulation of P-gp expression at 20 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg.
Resulted in normal cardiac morphology when used in combination treatment, alleviating Doxorubicin-induced myocardial hemorrhagic spots.
Caused no significant differences in mouse body weight across groups.

Animal Model:

BALB/c (male, 6-8 weeks old, 20±2 g, subcutaneous injection of 2×10⁶ CT26 cells)^[7]
Dosage:

7.5 mg/kg; 15 mg/kg
Administration:

i.p. (daily); i.p. (once every 3 days, 5-FU)
Result:

Slightly reduced tumor weight at 7.5 mg/kg or 15 mg/kg monotherapy.
Reduced tumor weight by approximately 80% when co-administered with 5-FU at 15 mg/kg compared to the model group.
Significantly reduced tumor weight when co-administered with 5-FU at 7.5 mg/kg compared to the model group.
Did not cause significant changes in body weight, thymus index, or spleen index with monotherapy and co-treatment compared to relevant control groups.
Significantly reduced the percentage of p-STAT6-positive area and CD206-positive area in tumor tissues at 7.5 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg compared to the model group.
Induced significantly lower IL-10 mRNA levels and Bcl-2 expression in tumor tissues in the 15 mg/kg plus 5-FU group compared to the 5-FU monotherapy group.

Chemical Information

CAS No. 85999-40-2
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 472.70
Formula C₃₀H₄₈O₄
Color White to off-white
SMILES

OC([C@]1(CC[C@H]2C(C)=C)[C@@]2([H])[C@](CC[C@@]3([H])[C@]4(CC[C@]5([H])[C@@]3(CC[C@H](O)[C@@]5(C)CO)C)C)([H])[C@@]4(C)CC1)=O
Synonyms

Anemosapogenin
Structure Classification
- Terpenoids
- Triterpenes
Initial Source
- Plants
- other families
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage

-20°C, protect from light

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (211.55 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

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Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

2.1155 mL

10.5775 mL

21.1551 mL

5 mM

0.4231 mL

2.1155 mL

4.2310 mL

10 mM

0.2116 mL

1.0578 mL

2.1155 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

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Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.29 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

%
DMSO +

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
%
+
+
%
Tween-80 + +
%
Saline +

The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (306 KB)
SDS (254 KB)
- English - EN (254 KB)
- Français - FR (254 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (254 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (254 KB)
- Español - ES (254 KB)
- Swedish - SV (254 KB)
- Italian - IT (254 KB)
- Korean - KR (254 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (254 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Liu M, et al. Cytotoxicity of the compounds isolated from Pulsatilla chinensis saponins and apoptosis induced by 23-hydroxybetulinic acid. Pharm Biol. 2015;53(1):1-9. [Content Brief]

[2]. Tian D, et al. 23-hydroxybetulinic acid reduces tumorigenesis, metastasis and immunosuppression in a mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma via disruption of the MAPK signaling pathway. Anticancer Drugs. 2022;33(9):815-825. [Content Brief]

[3]. Zheng Y, et al. 23-Hydroxybetulinic acid from Pulsatilla chinensis (Bunge) Regel synergizes the antitumor activities of doxorubicin in vitro and in vivo. J Ethnopharmacol. 2010;128(3):615-622. [Content Brief]

[4]. Liu Z, et al. Involvement of P-gp on Reversing Multidrug Resistance Effects of 23-Hydroxybetulinic Acid on Chemotherapeutic Agents. Front Pharmacol. 2021 Dec 15;12:796745. [Content Brief]

[5]. Ye B, et al. 23-hydroxybetulinic acid-induced HL-60 cell autophagic apoptosis and its molecular mechanism. Nat Prod Res. 2012;26(11):1063-8. [Content Brief]

[6]. Zhou F, et al. Protective effect of 23-hydroxybetulinic acid on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity: a correlation with the inhibition of carbonyl reductase-mediated metabolism. Br J Pharmacol. 2015;172(23):5690-5703. [Content Brief]

[7]. Fan Z, et al. 23-Hydroxybetulinic acid attenuates 5-fluorouracil resistance of colorectal cancer by modulating M2 macrophage polarization via STAT6 signaling. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2024;73(5):83. Published 2024 Mar 30. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
DMSO	1 mM	2.1155 mL	10.5775 mL	21.1551 mL	52.8877 mL
	5 mM	0.4231 mL	2.1155 mL	4.2310 mL	10.5775 mL
	10 mM	0.2116 mL	1.0578 mL	2.1155 mL	5.2888 mL
	15 mM	0.1410 mL	0.7052 mL	1.4103 mL	3.5258 mL
	20 mM	0.1058 mL	0.5289 mL	1.0578 mL	2.6444 mL
	25 mM	0.0846 mL	0.4231 mL	0.8462 mL	2.1155 mL
	30 mM	0.0705 mL	0.3526 mL	0.7052 mL	1.7629 mL
	40 mM	0.0529 mL	0.2644 mL	0.5289 mL	1.3222 mL
	50 mM	0.0423 mL	0.2116 mL	0.4231 mL	1.0578 mL
	60 mM	0.0353 mL	0.1763 mL	0.3526 mL	0.8815 mL
	80 mM	0.0264 mL	0.1322 mL	0.2644 mL	0.6611 mL
	100 mM	0.0212 mL	0.1058 mL	0.2116 mL	0.5289 mL

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23-Hydroxybetulinic acid

Apoptosis Compound Library

Immunology/Inflammation Compound Library

Kinase Inhibitor Library

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All Bcl-2 Family Isoforms

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Biological Activity

Chemical Information

Solvent & Solubility

Purity & Documentation

References

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

23-Hydroxybetulinic acid Related Classifications

HY-N0566 Related Classifications