2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
  4. COX

COX

Cyclooxygenase

COX

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Cyclooxygenase (COX), officially known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme that is responsible for formation of important biological mediators called prostanoids, including prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane. Pharmacological inhibition of COX can provide relief from the symptoms of inflammation and pain. Drugs, like Aspirin, that inhibit cyclooxygenase activity have been available to the public for about 100 years. Two cyclooxygenase isoforms have been identified and are referred to as COX-1 and COX-2. Under many circumstances the COX-1 enzyme is produced constitutively (i.e., gastric mucosa) whereas COX-2 is inducible (i.e., sites of inflammation). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), such as aspirin and ibuprofen, exert their effects through inhibition of COX. The main COX inhibitors are the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

COX Isoform Specific Products:

COX Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-14654A
    Aspirin lithium
    		Inhibitor
    Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid) lithium is an orally active, potent and irreversible inhibitor of cyclooxygenase COX-1 and COX-2, with IC50 values of 5 and 210 μg/mL, respectively. Aspirin lithium induces apoptosis. Aspirin lithium inhibits the activation of NF-κB. Aspirin lithium also inhibits platelet prostaglandin synthetase, and can prevent coronary artery and cerebrovascular thrombosis.
    Aspirin lithium
  • HY-B0580C
    Ketorolac hemicalcium
    		Inhibitor 98.06%
    Ketorolac (RS37619) hemicalcium is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), acting as a nonselective COX inhibitor, with IC50s of 20 nM for COX-1 and 120 nM for COX-2. Ketorolac tromethamine is used as 0.5% ophthalmic solution for the research of allergic conjunctivitis, cystoid macular edema, intraoperative miosis, and postoperative ocular inflammation and pain. Ketorola chemicalcium is also a DDX3 inhibitor that can be used for cancer research.
    Ketorolac hemicalcium
  • HY-14398GL
    Celecoxib (GMP Like)
    		Inhibitor
    Celecoxib (SC 58635) GMP Like is a GMP-class Celecoxib (HY-14398). Celecoxib, a selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), is a selective COX-2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 40 nM.
    Celecoxib (GMP Like)
  • HY-15034
    Indomethacin sodium
    		Inhibitor
    Indomethacin (Indometacin) sodium is a potent, orally active COX1/2 inhibitor with IC50 values of 18 nM and 26 nM for COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Indomethacin sodium has anticancer activity and anti-infective activity. Indomethacin sodium can be used for cancer, inflammation and viral infection research..
    Indomethacin sodium
  • HY-B1355AS
    Oxyphenbutazone-d9
    		Inhibitor
    Oxyphenbutazone-d9 is the deuterium labeled Oxyphenbutazone (HY-B1355A). Oxyphenbutazone is a phenylbutazone derivative, with anti-inflammatory effect. Oxyphenbutazone is a non-selective COX inhibitor. Oxyphenbutazone is the metabolite of Phenylbutazone (HY-B0230). Oxyphenbutazone selectively kills non-replicating Mycobaterium tuberculosis.
    Oxyphenbutazone-d<sub>9</sub>
  • HY-14397S1
    Indomethacin-d4 Methyl Ester
    		Inhibitor 98.38%
    Indomethacin-d4 Methyl Ester is the deuterium labeled Indomethacin. Indomethacin (Indometacin) is a potent, blood-brain permeable and nonselective inhibitor of COX1 and COX2, with IC50s of 18 nM and 26 nM for human COX-1 and COX-2, respectively, in CHO cells. Indomethacin disrupts autophagic flux by disturbing the normal functioning of lysosomes.
    Indomethacin-d<sub>4</sub> Methyl Ester
  • HY-B0367S
    Lornoxicam-d4
    		Inhibitor
    Lornoxicam-d4 is the deuterium labeled Lornoxicam. Lornoxicam (Chlortenoxicam), a COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitor, is a new nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID).
    Lornoxicam-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-126121S
    2-Hydroxy Ibuprofen-d6
    		Inhibitor
    2-Hydroxy Ibuprofen-d6 is the deuterium labeled 2-Hydroxy Ibuprofen. 2-Hydroxy Ibuprofen is a metabolite of Ibuprofen. Ibuprofen is an anti-inflammatory inhibitor targeting COX-1 and COX-2 with IC50s of 13 μM and 370 μM, respectively.
    2-Hydroxy Ibuprofen-d<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-B1398S
    Ampyrone-d3
    		Inhibitor
    Ampyrone-d3 is the deuterium labeled Ampyrone (HY-B1398). Ampyrone (4-Aminophenazone; 4-Aminoantipyrine) is a reversible and low-damage optical clearing agent and non-selective COX inhibitor based on UV absorption properties. Ampyrone can improve the optical transmittance of mouse skin and other tissues. Ampyrone can induce tissue refractive index matching by enhancing UV absorption, reduce light scattering, and achieve tissue transparency in vivo. Ampyrone reduces the synthesis of prostaglandin PGE2, thereby exerting anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic effects. Ampyrone inhibits DNA damage, cell apoptosis and immune cell phagocytosis induced by Doxorubicin (HY-15142A) and Cisplatin (HY-17394), etc., and participates in the regulation of toxicity in tumor chemotherapy.
    Ampyrone-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-B0230S1
    Phenylbutazone-d9
    		Inhibitor
    Phenylbutazone-d9 is the deuterium labeled Phenylbutazone. Phenylbutazone is an efficient reducing cofactor for the peroxidase activity of prostaglandin H synthase (PHS). Phenylbutazone, a hepatotoxin, is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID). Phenylbutazone induces muscle blind-like protein 1 (MBNL1) expression and has the potential for ankylosing spondylitis research.
    Phenylbutazone-d<sub>9</sub>
  • HY-15762S
    Valdecoxib-d3
    		Inhibitor
    Valdecoxib-d3 is the deuterium labeled Valdecoxib. Valdecoxib is a highly potent and selective inhibitor of COX-2, with IC50s of 5 nM and 140 μM for COX-2 and COX-1, respeceively. Valdecoxib can be used in the research of arthritis and pain.
    Valdecoxib-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-118139S
    Celecoxib-d4
    		Inhibitor
    Celecoxib-d4 is the deuterium labeled Desmethyl Celecoxib. Desmethyl Celecoxib (compound 3b) is a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor (IC50=32 nM) with anti-inflammatory activities. Desmethyl Celecoxib is an?analog?of Celecoxib and with the optimal yield of 75%.
    Celecoxib-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-15029S1
    (±)-Naproxen-d3-1
    (±)-Naproxen-d3-1 is the deuterium labeled (±)-Naproxen.
    (±)-Naproxen-d<sub>3</sub>-1
  • HY-155768
    COX-1/2-IN-5
    		Inhibitor
    COX-1/2-IN-5 (compound 2a) is a dual inhibitor of COX1/2 (IC50=2.650 μM, 0.958 μM), with anticancer activity. COX-1/2-IN-5 inhibits liver cancer HepG2 with an IC50 of 60.75 μM.
    COX-1/2-IN-5
  • HY-150553
    COX-2-IN-28
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2-IN-28 is a potent and selective COX-2 inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.054, 2.14, 13.21 µM for COX-2, 15-LOX, COX-1,respectively.
    COX-2-IN-28
  • HY-18342R
    Diflunisal (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Diflunisal (Standard) is the analytical standard of Diflunisal. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Diflunisal (MK-647) is a salicylate derivative with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory and uricosuric properties, which is used alone as an analgesic and in rheumatoid arthritis patients. The mechanism of action of diflunisal is as a Cyclooxygenase (COX) Inhibitor.
    Diflunisal (Standard)
  • HY-20808
    Antioxidant agent-15
    		Inhibitor 98.97%
    Antioxidant agent-15 (Compound 4) is a potent antioxidant inhibition activity, with the IC50 of 15.44 nM. Antioxidant agent-15 inhibits tumor cell growth in Hela, Hep G2 and Caco-2 cells, with the IC50 of 395.26, 400.4 and 24.6 nM, respectively.
    Antioxidant agent-15
  • HY-175698
    Ferroptosis inducer-9
    		Activator
    Ferroptosis inducer-9 is a ferroptosis inducer and colchicine site tubulin polymerization inhibitor. Ferroptosis inducer-9 inhibits MCF-7 cell growth with an IC50 of 14 nM and inhibits [3H]colchicine binding. Ferroptosis inducer-9 reduces expression of GPX4 and FTH, increases COX2 and ACSL4, lowers GSH, NADP+, and NADPH levels, increases LPO, MDA, and Fe(II) levels, and decreases SOD concentrations. Ferroptosis inducer-9 demonstrates significant anti-tumor efficacy in HCT116 CRC xenograft model. Ferroptosis inducer-9 can be used for the study of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and colorectal cancer (CRC).
    Ferroptosis inducer-9
  • HY-N17632
    Moracin G
    		Inhibitor
    Moracin G is a plant-derived kinase modulator and receptor ligand that forms stable bindings with multiple key proteins (AKT1, COX2 and Estrogen receptor 1) and competitively inhibits the activity of specific kinases. By binding to MELK to disrupt cell cycle regulation, Moracin G impairs the survival and proliferation of cancer cells, induces cancer cell apoptosis, and thereby exerts anti-tumor potential. Moracin G can be used in research related to periodontitis and breast cancer.
    Moracin G
  • HY-14654B
    Aspirin DL-lysine
    		Inhibitor
    Aspirin DL-lysine (ASA DL-lysine) is a lysine-containing aspirin derivative. Aspirin DL-lysine inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX) in platelets, blocks the synthesis of thromboxane A2 (TXA2), and thus inhibits platelet aggregation and activation. Aspirin DL-lysine can be used to study thrombin generation in patients with unstable angina pectoris.
    Aspirin DL-lysine
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
COX Isoform Comparison

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