COX
Cyclooxygenase (COX) catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandin G2 and prostaglandin H2, initiating prostanoid biosynthesis that regulates inflammation, vascular homeostasis, pain signaling, and tissue responses to injury[1][2]. Mechanistically, COX enzymes contain two major isoforms, COX-1 and COX-2, which catalyze the same biochemical reaction but differ in gene regulation, tissue distribution, intracellular localization, and substrate selectivity[1][2]. COX-1 is constitutively expressed in most tissues and contributes to gastric mucosal protection, platelet function, and renal hemodynamic maintenance, whereas COX-2 is rapidly induced by inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, and pathological stimuli[1][3]. In disease models, increased COX-2 expression is associated with chronic inflammatory disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and multiple cancer types, supporting its central role in inflammation-driven pathophysiology and tumor progression[1][2]. Compared with related isoforms, COX-2 contains a larger and more flexible substrate-binding channel that enables distinct inhibitor selectivity and broader fatty-acid utilization[1][4]. Therefore, selective and non-selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) remain important experimental tools for dissecting prostaglandin-dependent signaling pathways, while COX-2-selective inhibitors have been widely used to investigate inflammatory mechanisms and disease-associated prostanoid production[1][2][4].
References:
- [1]. Faki Y, et al. Different Chemical Structures and Physiological/Pathological Roles of Cyclooxygenases. Rambam Maimonides Med J. 2021 Jan 19;12(1):e0003. [Content Brief]
- [2]. Joanne P, et al. Lipid reorganization induced by membrane-active peptides probed using differential scanning calorimetry. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2009 Sep;1788(9):1772-81. [Content Brief]
- [3]. Cyclooxygenase in sciencedirect topic.
-
COX Related Products (740)
Related Products (740)
-
DL-1′-Acetoxychavicol acetate
0 ImagesDL-1′-Acetoxychavicol acetate is a compound with anti-inflammatory and anticancer preventive potential that inhibits the activities of NOX, iNOS, and COX-2 in inflammatory cells and exhibits preventive activity in multiple inflammation-related cancer models.
-
Prostaglandin F1a-d9
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-113459SCAS No.: 1542166-81-3Prostaglandin F1a-d9 is the deuterium labeled Prostaglandin F1a. Prostaglandin F1a is an endogenous metabolite and a cyclooxygenase product with platelet activity inhibitory effects. Prostaglandin F1a can be used as a marker in coagulation-related studies.
-
COX-2/15-LOX-IN-4
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-155161CAS No.: 3052736-45-2COX-2/15-LOX-IN-4 (compound 5i) is a dual inhibitor of COX-2/15-LOX with IC50s of 0.075 μM and 1.97 μM, respectively. COX-2/15-LOX-IN-4 can inhibit LPS-induced cell production of promoting cytokines (IL-6, ROS) with specific anti-inflammatory activity.
-
Itazigrel
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-106046CAS No.: 70529-35-0Synonyms: U-53059Itazigrel (U-53059) is an orally active antiplatelet agent. Itazigrel inhibits cyclooxygenase activity. Itazigrel inhibits platelet aggregation.
-
COX-2/15-LOX-IN-5
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-163355CAS No.: 443790-30-5COX-2/15-LOX-IN-5 (Compound 4f) is a dual inhibitor of COX-2/15-LOX. COX-2/15-LOX-IN-5 attenuates increased NF-κB activation in RAW 264.7 macrophages mediated by lipopolysaccharide (HY-D1056). COX-2/15-LOX-IN-5 has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.
-
(-)-Ibuprofenamide
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-111950CAS No.: 121839-78-9Synonyms: (R)-Ibuprofenamide
-
(±)11-HEDE
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-130310BCAS No.: 5598-37-8Synonyms: 11-hydroxy-12,14-Eicosadienoic acid(±)11-HEDE is a racemic mixture of the monohydroxy fatty acids 11(S)-HEDE and 11(R)-HEDE. 11-HEDE is formed from eicosadienoic acid by cyclooxygenase (COX) and in macrophages.
-
Anti-inflammatory agent 67
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-163116Anti-inflammatory agent 67 (compound 7a) is a dual inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase and COX-2, a sulfonamide derivative of Polmacoxib (HY-16726), and has anti-inflammatory properties and analgesic activity. Anti-inflammatory agent 67 has IC50s of 10.4 μM and 50 nM for COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. The Ki of anti-inflammatory agent 67 binding to different isoforms of carbonic anhydrase are 48.3 nM (CA I), 42.2 nM (CA II), 52.3 nM (CA IX), and 13.3 nM (CA XII).
-
Florifenine
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-105424CAS No.: 83863-79-0Florifenine is a selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor with anti-inflammatory activity. Florifenine inhibits TXB2 in human whole blood with an IC50 of 32.5 nM. Florifenine exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in ear oedema. Florifenine inhibits neutrophil migration and reduces PGE2 levles in the inflamed ears. Florifenine inhibits leukocyte migration and PGE2 levels in the air pouch inflammation induced by Zymosan (HY-159069). Florifenine can be used for anti-inflammatory research.
-
SKF-105809
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-19086CAS No.: 122454-69-7SKF-105809 is a dual-action inhibitor of lipoxygenase and COX. SKF-105809 inhibits edema and inflammatory cell infiltration in mouse models of ear, paw, and peritoneum inflammation. SKF-105809 inhibits the production of relevant acute-phase reactive proteins in a mouse model of arthritis. SKF-105809 exhibits analgesic activity in a mouse abdominal contraction test and inhibits ulceration. SKF-105809 can be used in research on inflammatory and immune system diseases such as peritonitis and arthritis.
-
Ketoprofen-d4
0 ImagesSynonyms: RP-19583-d4
-
Bumadizone calcium
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-17481ACAS No.: 34461-73-9Bumadizone calcium is the calcium salt of Bumadizone (HY-17481). Bumadizone calcium is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, that exhibits potential in ameliorating chronic inflammatory diseases. Bumadizone calcium is irritant to the gastric lining, which leads to gastric bleeding and ulceration.
-
1-Methyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylic acid (Standard)
0 Images1-Methyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of 1-Methyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylic acid (HY-N4226). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 1-Methyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylic acid is an AP-1 inhibitor which can be found in Cordyceps bassiana. 1-Methyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylic acid downregulates the expression of COX-2. 1-Methyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylic acid can be used for the study of atopic dermatitis.
-
(E)-Ethyl p-methoxycinnamate (Standard)
0 Images(E)-Ethyl p-methoxycinnamate (Standard) is the analytical standard of (E)-Ethyl p-methoxycinnamate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. (E)-Ethyl p-methoxycinnamate is a natural product found in Kaempferia galangal with anti-inflammatory, anti-neoplastic and anti-microbial effects. (E)-Ethyl p-methoxycinnamate inhibits COX-1 and COX-2 in vitro with IC50s of 1.12 and 0.83 μM, respectively.
-
Metyrosine-13C9,15N,d7
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-W015007SCAS No.: 1994331-23-5Metyrosine-13C9,15N,d7 is the deuterium, 13C-, and 15-labeled Metyrosine. Metyrosine is a selective tyrosine hydroxylase enzyme inhibitor. Metyrosine exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcerative effects. Metyrosine significantly inhibits high COX-2 activity. Metyrosine is a very effective agent for blood pressure control.
-
Hordenine (Standard)
0 ImagesSynonyms: Ordenina (Standard); Peyocactine (Standard)Hordenine (Standard) (Ordenina (Standard); Peyocactine (Standard)) is the analytical standard of Hordenine (HY-N0113). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Hordenine (Ordenina; Peyocactine) is a multifunctional alkaloid with oral activity and blood-brain barrier penetration. Hordenine inhibits LPS-induced phosphorylation of p38, JNK, ERK1/2, p65, IκB, and AKT, prevents p65 nuclear translocation, and suppresses inflammatory cytokines and mediators. Hordenine promotes M2 macrophage polarization, restores blood-milk barrier integrity, alleviates oxidative stress by reducing ROS and MDA, and attenuates LPS-induced lung injury and pulmonary edema. Hordenine inhibits cAMP production, CREB phosphorylation, and MITF expression, thereby suppressing melanin synthesis in melanocytes and reconstructed epidermis. Hordenine activates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, promotes dermal papilla cell proliferation and hair shaft elongation, and accelerates hair regeneration. Hordenine activates DRD2, acts as a D3R partial agonist, α2A-AR full agonist, and 5-HT2A-R antagonist, and inhibits SERT and DAT. Hordenine inhibits α-synuclein accumulation and ameliorates motor deficits in Parkinson's disease models. Hordenine limits alcohol intake, reduces relapse drinking behavior, and modulates alcohol-induced conditioned place preference. Hordenine can be used for research on mastitis, skin pigmentation, acute lung injury, foodborne diseases, hair loss, Parkinson's disease, bacterial infections, and alcohol use disorder.
