COX
Cyclooxygenase (COX) catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandin G2 and prostaglandin H2, initiating prostanoid biosynthesis that regulates inflammation, vascular homeostasis, pain signaling, and tissue responses to injury[1][2]. Mechanistically, COX enzymes contain two major isoforms, COX-1 and COX-2, which catalyze the same biochemical reaction but differ in gene regulation, tissue distribution, intracellular localization, and substrate selectivity[1][2]. COX-1 is constitutively expressed in most tissues and contributes to gastric mucosal protection, platelet function, and renal hemodynamic maintenance, whereas COX-2 is rapidly induced by inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, and pathological stimuli[1][3]. In disease models, increased COX-2 expression is associated with chronic inflammatory disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and multiple cancer types, supporting its central role in inflammation-driven pathophysiology and tumor progression[1][2]. Compared with related isoforms, COX-2 contains a larger and more flexible substrate-binding channel that enables distinct inhibitor selectivity and broader fatty-acid utilization[1][4]. Therefore, selective and non-selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) remain important experimental tools for dissecting prostaglandin-dependent signaling pathways, while COX-2-selective inhibitors have been widely used to investigate inflammatory mechanisms and disease-associated prostanoid production[1][2][4].
References:
- [1]. Faki Y, et al. Different Chemical Structures and Physiological/Pathological Roles of Cyclooxygenases. Rambam Maimonides Med J. 2021 Jan 19;12(1):e0003. [Content Brief]
- [2]. Joanne P, et al. Lipid reorganization induced by membrane-active peptides probed using differential scanning calorimetry. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2009 Sep;1788(9):1772-81. [Content Brief]
- [3]. Cyclooxygenase in sciencedirect topic.
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COX Related Products (740)
Related Products (740)
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Ginsenoside Rg5 (Standard)
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-N0908RCAS No.: 186763-78-0Ginsenoside Rg5 (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ginsenoside Rg5. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ginsenoside Rg5 is the main component of Red ginseng and IGF-1R agonist. Ginsenoside Rg5 compets for the binding site of IGF-1R and blocks the binding of IGF-1 to IGF-1R (IC50 about 90 nM). Ginsenoside Rg5 also inhibits the mRNA expression of COX-2 via suppression of the DNA binding activities of NF-κB p65.
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Mofebutazone sodium
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-W009640ACAS No.: 41468-34-2Mofebutazone sodium is a pyrazolidinedione non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID). Mofebutazone sodium exhibits weak COX inhibition, no effect on LOX, and slightly suppresses the percentage of leukocyte phagocytosis in vitro. Mofebutazone sodium can be used in research related to soft tissue rheumatism.
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Loxoprofen sodium (Standard)
0 ImagesLoxoprofen (sodium) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Loxoprofen (sodium). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Loxoprofen sodium is a non-steroidal, orally active anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and anti-pyretic properties. Loxoprofen sodium is a nonselective COX inhibitor with IC50s of 6.5 and 13.5 μM for COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Loxoprofen sodium can reduce atherosclerosis and shows antitumor activity.
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Tilmicosin-d3
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-B0905SCAS No.: 2714486-61-8Synonyms: LY-177370-d3; EL-870-d3Tilmicosin-d3 is the deuterium labeled Tilmicosin. Tilmicosin (LY-177370) is an orally active calcium channel antagonist and macrolide antibiotic with antimicrobial activity. Tilmicosin mainly acts on the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting protein synthesis. Tilmicosin is effective in the treatment of respiratory diseases in livestock such as cattle, sheep and pigs. In addition, Tilmicosin has immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Dehydroglyasperin D
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-N3716CAS No.: 517885-72-2Dehydroglyasperin D inhibits rat and human Aldose Reductase (AR) (IC50: 62.4 μM and 176.2 μM respectively). Dehydroglyasperin D has anti-obesity, antioxidant effects. Dehydroglyasperin D shows anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting COX-2 expression and the MLK3 signaling pathway. Dehydroglyasperin D also inhibits melanin synthesis. Dehydroglyasperin D is a prenylated flavonoid that can be isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensi.
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Chikusetsusaponin IVa methyl ester
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-N17736CAS No.: 58546-61-5Synonyms: CMEChikusetsusaponin IVa methyl ester (CME) is a natural triterpenoid saponin compound. Chikusetsusaponin IVa methyl ester induces G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in colon cancer cells by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. By inhibiting the NF-κB and AP-1 signaling pathways, Chikusetsusaponin IVa methyl ester significantly reduces the production of NO, PGE₂ and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β), and downregulates the levels of iNOS and COX-2. Chikusetsusaponin IVa methyl ester can be used in researches on colorectal cancer and inflammation.
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Imidazole salicylate (Standard)
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-W775009RCAS No.: 36364-49-5Imidazole salicylate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Imidazole salicylate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Imidazole salicylate is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that can be used to study cirrhosis and ascites.
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Lixadesiran sodium
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-177643A
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Zaltoprofen-13C,d3
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-B0619S1Zaltoprofen-13C,d3 is the 13C- and deuterium labeled Zaltoprofen. Zaltoprofen (CN100), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), is a preferential and orally active COX-2 inhibitor, with IC50s of 1.3 and 0.34 μM for COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Zaltoprofen exhibits powerful anti-inflammatory effects as well as an analgesic action on inflammatory pain.
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Chlorotrianisene-d9
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-B2158SCAS No.: 1276197-26-2Chlorotrianisene-d9 is the deuterium labeled Chlorotrianisene. Chlorotrianisene is a long-acting non-steroidal estrogen and an orally active estrogen receptor modulator. Chlorotrianisene exhibits antiestrogenic activity. Chlorotrianisene potently inhibits the enzyme COX-1 and inhibits platelet aggregation in whole blood.
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Parecoxib-d3
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-17474SSynonyms: SC 69124-d3Parecoxib-d3 is the deuterium labeled Parecoxib. Parecoxib (SC 69124) is a highly selective and orally active COX-2 inhibitor, the proagent of Valdecoxib (HY-15762). Parecoxib Sodium is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) and inhibits prostaglandin (PG) synthesis. Parecoxib can be used for the relief of acute postoperative pain and symptoms of chronic inflammatory conditions such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis in vivo.
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COX-2-IN-13
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-146371CAS No.: 2987588-45-2COX-2-IN-13 (compound 13e) is a potent and selective inhibitor of COX-2 with an IC50 of 0.98 μM. COX-2-IN-13 is an anti-inflammatory agent. COX-2-IN-13 shows safety in-vivo acute toxicity study.
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iNOS/COX-2-IN-3
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-159564iNOS/COX-2-IN-3 (compound 7d) is a dual inhibitor of iNOS and COX-2, with potential anti-inflammatory activity against LPS (HY-D1056)-induced RAW 264.7 cells (IC50=3.48 μM). iNOS/COX-2-IN-3 has good plasma stability, oral activity and gastric safety, and its inhibitory activity on iNOS and COX-2 expression is 5.43-fold and 2.37-fold that of Indomethacin (HY-14397), respectively.
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Etoricoxib (Standard)
0 ImagesSynonyms: MK-0663 (Standard); L-791456 (Standard)Etoricoxib (Standard) is the analytical standard of Etoricoxib. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Etoricoxib (MK-0663) is a non steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, acting as a selective and orally active COX-2 inhibitor, with IC50s of 1.1 μM and 116 μM for COX-2 and COX-1 in human whole blood.
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Antrafenine dihydrochloride
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-119912CAS No.: 55300-30-6Synonyms: Stakane dihydrochlorideAntrafenine (Stakane) dihydrochloride is a non-narcotic analgesic. Antrafenine dihydrochloride demonstrates central analgesic effects in acetic acid writhing test and mouse hot plate test experiments. Antrafenine dihydrochloride significantly alleviates osteoarthritis pain. Antrafenine dihydrochloride exhibits mild anti-inflammatory activity in a rat toe edema model. Antrafenine dihydrochloride can be used for pain and anti-inflammatory research.
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P-8977
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-108109CAS No.: 135810-00-3P-8977 is a potent dual CO/5-LO inhibitor (IC50 = 0.01 µM). P-8977 can also inhibit cyclooxygenase (CO) (IC50 = 0.53 µM) in 3T3 cells. P-8977 can inhibit ear edema. P-8977 can be used for research on inflammatory skin conditions.
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Psoralidin (Standard)
0 ImagesPsoralidin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Psoralidin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Psoralidin is a dual inhibitor of COX-2 and 5-LOX, regulates ionizing radiation (IR)-induced pulmonary inflammation.Anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties. Psoralidin significantly downregulates NOTCH1 signaling. Psoralidin also greatly induces ROS generation.
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Picfeltarraenin IA (Standard)
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-N1474RCAS No.: 97230-47-2Picfeltarraenin IA (Standard) is the analytical standard of Picfeltarraenin IA (HY-N1474). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Picfeltarraenin IA is an Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Picfeltarraenin IA can be extracted from the plant Picria fel-terrae Lour. Picfeltarraenin IA reduces the production of IL-8 and PGE2. Picfeltarraenin IA inhibits COX2 via the NF-κB pathway. Picfeltarraenin IA can be used in the research of respiratory system diseases.
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COX-2-IN-11
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-145988CAS No.: 1023741-06-1COX-2-IN-11 (compound 7b2) is a potent and selective inhibitor of COX-2. COX-2-IN-11 has the potential for the research of inflammation diseases.
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Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, for molecular biology
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-W094477DCAS No.: 10034-99-8Synonyms: Epsom salts, for molecular biologyMagnesium sulfate heptahydrate (for molecular biology) is a molecular biology-grade form of Magnesium sulfate (HY-Y1267). Magnesium sulfate is a calcium antagonist and a potent L-type calcium channel inhibitor, as well as a uterine contraction inhibitor. Magnesium sulfate has anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, vasodilatory, and neuroprotective effects. Magnesium sulfate can be used in research on diseases such as preeclampsia/eclampsia.
