HIV
HIV-1 is an RNA retrovirus that infects immune cells through the envelope glycoprotein Env, whose mature gp120/gp41 trimer mediates viral entry into host cells[1]. Mechanistically, gp120 binds CD4 and then the chemokine coreceptors CCR5 or CXCR4, while gp41 refolding brings viral and cellular membranes together for fusion[2][3]. After entry, viral replication depends on reverse transcriptase, protease, and integrase, making these enzymes core targets for antiretroviral research[4][5]. In disease relevance, untreated HIV replication causes progressive CD4+ T-cell loss and immunological abnormalities, increasing infectious and oncological complications[6]. Compared with related forms, HIV-1 remains the main focus because it is described as the most virulent and pathogenic subtype in diagnostic and treatment literature[7]. For experimental applications, entry inhibitors target gp120, gp41, CCR5, or CXCR4, while enzyme inhibitors target reverse transcriptase, protease, or integrase to suppress distinct stages of the HIV life cycle[4][8].
References:
- [1]. Anang S, et al. Characterization of full-length and cytoplasmic tail-truncated envelope glycoproteins incorporated into human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) virions and virus-like particles. J Virol. 2025 Dec 23;99(12):e0158525. [Content Brief]
- [2]. Teixeira C, et al. Viral surface glycoproteins, gp120 and gp41, as potential drug targets against HIV-1: brief overview one quarter of a century past the approval of zidovudine, the first anti-retroviral drug. Eur J Med Chem. 2011 Apr;46(4):979-92. [Content Brief]
- [3]. Princen K, et al. HIV chemokine receptor inhibitors as novel anti-HIV drugs. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2005 Dec;16(6):659-77. [Content Brief]
- [4]. De Clercq E. Emerging anti-HIV drugs. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2005 May;10(2):241-73. doi: 10.1517/14728214.10.2.241. PMID: 15934866. et al. Emerging anti-HIV drugs. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2005 May;10(2):241-73. [Content Brief]
- [5]. Palmisano L. Role of integrase inhibitors in the treatment of HIV disease. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2007 Feb;5(1):67-75. doi: 10.1586/14787210.5.1.67. PMID: 17266455. et al. Role of integrase inhibitors in the treatment of HIV disease. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2007 Feb;5(1):67-75. [Content Brief]
- [6]. Deeks SG, et al. HIV infection. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2015 Oct 1;1:15035. [Content Brief]
- [7]. Zulfiqar HF, et al. HIV Diagnosis and Treatment through Advanced Technologies. Front Public Health. 2017 Mar 7;5:32. [Content Brief]
- [8]. Greenberg M, et al. HIV fusion and its inhibition in antiretroviral therapy. Rev Med Virol. 2004 Sep-Oct;14(5):321-37. [Content Brief]
All Product Categories
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HIV Related Products (909)
Related Products (909)
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Tat-beclin 1 scrambled
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-P2260BPurity: 99.10%Tat-beclin 1 scrambled is the scrambled part and a scrambled control of Tat-beclin 1 (HY-P2260), which is derived from a region of the autophagy protein, beclin 1. beclin 1 induces autophagy via binding human immunodeficiency virus, HIV-1 Nef and interacting with negative regulator GAPR-1 (GLIPR2). Tat-beclin 1 decreases the accumulation of polyglutamine expansion protein aggregates and the replication of several pathogens, such as HIV-1. Tat-beclin 1 also reduces mortality in mice infected with chikungunya or West Nile virus.
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HEP-1
0 ImagesSynonyms: Human ezrin peptide (324-337)HEP-1 (Human ezrin peptide (324 - 337)) is an orally active peptide with antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities. HEP-1 is effective against infections by various viruses such as HIV, HCV, herpes viruses, HPV, and influenza viruses. As an immunomodulator, HEP-1 can enhance the adaptive immunity mediated by B cells and T cells. HEP-1 can also increase the antibody titers after hepatitis B vaccination. HEP-1 can be used in the research of viral infections and inflammation-related diseases.
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Hydroxyurea (Standard)
0 ImagesHydroxyurea (Standard) is the analytical standard of Hydroxyurea. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Hydroxyurea is a cell apoptosis inducer that inhibit DNA synthesis through inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase. Hydroxyurea shows anti-orthopoxvirus activity.
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Aurothioglucose
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-A0068CAS No.: 12192-57-3Synonyms: Gold thioglucose
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(R)-Edelfosine
0 ImagesSynonyms: (R)-ET-18-OCH3(R)-Edelfosine ((R)-ET-18-OCH3) is a ether lipid analog with anti-HIV and antineoplastic activity.
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Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate hydrate
0 ImagesSynonyms: 18α-Glycyrrhizic acid Magnesium hydrate; 18α-GA Magnesium hydrate; 18α-Licorice-saponin H2 Magnesium hydrateMagnesium isoglycyrrhizinate hydrate (18α-Glycyrrhizic acid Magnesium hydrate; 18α-GA Magnesium hydrate; 18α-Licorice-saponin H2 Magnesium hydrate) is a derivative of glycyrrhizic acid with oral activity. Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate hydrate exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective and cardioprotective activities. Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate hydrate protects against ethanol-induced alcoholic liver disease in rats by upregulating the expression levels of SOD, GSH, PPAR-α and CPT-1. Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate hydrate shows cytotoxicity against T lymphocytes and inhibits HIV-1 replication in these cells. Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate hydrate alleviates oxidative stress by reducing the levels of ROS, Nrf2, HO-1 and p-P65, and alleviates pyroptosis by downregulating the expression levels of NLRP3, GSDMD-N, P20 and c-IL-1β. Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate hydrate inhibits autophagy, colonic fibrosis and myocardial fibrosis, and regulates intestinal barrier integrity. Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate hydrate can be used in research related to alcoholic liver disease, HIV-1 infection, hepatotoxicity, acute liver failure, inflammatory bowel disease and myocardial fibrosis.
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Dehydrozingerone
0 ImagesDehydrozingerone is a ginger-derived component and cyclin D1 inhibitor that downregulates cyclin D1 expression and induces cell cycle G1 phase arrest. Dehydrozingerone reduces the proliferative capacity of castration-resistant prostate cancer cells under in vitro conditions. Dehydrozingerone reduces subcutaneous tumor growth by inhibiting cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Dehydrozingerone exerts antibacterial and antifungal activities via its α,β-unsaturated carbonyl conjugated system. Dehydrozingerone can be used in studies related to castration-resistant prostate cancer, bacterial infections, and food spoilage fungal infections.
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Xanthopurpurin
0 ImagesXanthopurpurin is an orally active anthraquinone glycoside. Xanthopurpurin can be isolated from the rhizome of Rubia akane. Xanthopurpurin has antiviral effects against rotavirus and HIV. Xanthopurpurin has a strong inhibitory effect on collagen-induced platelet aggregation. Xanthopurpurin prevents peanut allergy.
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ddTTP trisodium solution (100 mM)
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-137694BPurity: 99.91%ddTTP trisodium solution (100 mM) is a DNA polymerase γ inhibitor, with Ki values of 0.05 μM and 0.4 μM against bovine testicular DNA polymerase γ. ddTTP trisodium solution (100 mM) can be incorporated into DNA to cause termination of the extended DNA strand. ddTTP trisodium solution (100 mM) can be used in the research of HIV infection.
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APOBEC3G-IN-1
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-W279260CAS No.: 14261-92-8APOBEC3G-IN-1 (MN136.0154) is a potent HIV inhibitor, targeting APOBEC3G.
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Glycolithocholic acid 3-sulfate disodium
0 ImagesSynonyms: Glycolithocholate sulfate disodium; Sulfolithocholylglycine disodium; SLCG disodiumGlycolithocholic acid 3-sulfate disodium is a GPR39 agonist with EC50s of 47.9 and 66.8 μM (absence of Zn2+) and 8 and 8.7 μM (presence of Zn2+) in M39-20 and hGPR39-2 cells, respectively. Glycolithocholic acid 3-sulfate disodium stimulates GPR39 receptors to initiate intracellular calcium signaling, independent of Zn2+ binding sites H17 and H19. Glycolithocholic acid 3-sulfate disodium also inhibits replication of HIV-1 in vitro. Glycolithocholic acid 3-sulfate disodium can be used for the research of HIV infection and gallbladder disease.
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Betulinic acid (Standard)
0 ImagesSynonyms: Lupatic acid (Standard); Betulic acid (Standard)Betulinic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Betulinic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Betulinic acid is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, acts as a eukaryotic topoisomerase I inhibitor, with an IC50 of 5 μM, and possesses anti-HIV, anti-malarial, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties. Betulinic acid can cross the blood-brain barrier.
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Cabotegravir sodium
0 ImagesSynonyms: GSK-1265744 sodium; S/GSK1265744 sodiumCabotegravir (GSK-1265744) sodium is a orally active and long-acting HIV integrase strand transfer inhibitor and organic anion transporter 1/3 (OAT1/OAT3) inhibitor with IC50 values of 2.5 nM, 0.41 μM and 0.81 μM for HIVADA, OAT3 and OAT1, respectively. Cabotegravir sodium is primarily metabolized by uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A1, with low potential to interact with other antiretroviral agents (ARVs). Cabotegravir sodium can be used to research AIDS.
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Pirmitegravir
0 ImagesSynonyms: STP0404Pirmitegravir is a potent and first-in-class inhibitor of allosteric integrase (ALLINI) that targets LEDGF/p75 binding site. Pirmitegravir displays picomolar IC50 in human PBMCs with a >24,000 therapeutic index against HIV-1. Pirmitegravir harbors outstanding anti-virus and safety properties.
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Lamivudine (Standard)
0 ImagesSynonyms: BCH-189 (Standard)Lamivudine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Lamivudine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Lamivudine (BCH-189) is an orally active nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI). Lamivudine can inhibit HIV reverse transcriptase 1/2 and also the reverse transcriptase of hepatitis B virus. Lamivudine salicylate can penetrate the CNS.
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Dimethyl fumarate-d2
0 ImagesDimethyl fumarate-d2 is the deuterium labeled Dimethyl fumarate. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an orally active and brain-penetrant Nrf2 activator and induces upregulation of antioxidant gene expression. Dimethyl fumarate induces necroptosis in colon cancer cells through GSH depletion/ROS increase/MAPKs activation pathway, and also induces cell autophagy. Dimethyl fumarate can be used for multiple sclerosis research.
