HIV
HIV-1 is an RNA retrovirus that infects immune cells through the envelope glycoprotein Env, whose mature gp120/gp41 trimer mediates viral entry into host cells[1]. Mechanistically, gp120 binds CD4 and then the chemokine coreceptors CCR5 or CXCR4, while gp41 refolding brings viral and cellular membranes together for fusion[2][3]. After entry, viral replication depends on reverse transcriptase, protease, and integrase, making these enzymes core targets for antiretroviral research[4][5]. In disease relevance, untreated HIV replication causes progressive CD4+ T-cell loss and immunological abnormalities, increasing infectious and oncological complications[6]. Compared with related forms, HIV-1 remains the main focus because it is described as the most virulent and pathogenic subtype in diagnostic and treatment literature[7]. For experimental applications, entry inhibitors target gp120, gp41, CCR5, or CXCR4, while enzyme inhibitors target reverse transcriptase, protease, or integrase to suppress distinct stages of the HIV life cycle[4][8].
References:
- [1]. Anang S, et al. Characterization of full-length and cytoplasmic tail-truncated envelope glycoproteins incorporated into human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) virions and virus-like particles. J Virol. 2025 Dec 23;99(12):e0158525. [Content Brief]
- [2]. Teixeira C, et al. Viral surface glycoproteins, gp120 and gp41, as potential drug targets against HIV-1: brief overview one quarter of a century past the approval of zidovudine, the first anti-retroviral drug. Eur J Med Chem. 2011 Apr;46(4):979-92. [Content Brief]
- [3]. Princen K, et al. HIV chemokine receptor inhibitors as novel anti-HIV drugs. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2005 Dec;16(6):659-77. [Content Brief]
- [4]. De Clercq E. Emerging anti-HIV drugs. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2005 May;10(2):241-73. doi: 10.1517/14728214.10.2.241. PMID: 15934866. et al. Emerging anti-HIV drugs. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2005 May;10(2):241-73. [Content Brief]
- [5]. Palmisano L. Role of integrase inhibitors in the treatment of HIV disease. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2007 Feb;5(1):67-75. doi: 10.1586/14787210.5.1.67. PMID: 17266455. et al. Role of integrase inhibitors in the treatment of HIV disease. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2007 Feb;5(1):67-75. [Content Brief]
- [6]. Deeks SG, et al. HIV infection. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2015 Oct 1;1:15035. [Content Brief]
- [7]. Zulfiqar HF, et al. HIV Diagnosis and Treatment through Advanced Technologies. Front Public Health. 2017 Mar 7;5:32. [Content Brief]
- [8]. Greenberg M, et al. HIV fusion and its inhibition in antiretroviral therapy. Rev Med Virol. 2004 Sep-Oct;14(5):321-37. [Content Brief]
All Product Categories
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HIV Related Products (903)
Related Products (903)
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5-Fluorouracil-d1
0 ImagesSynonyms: 5-FU-d15-Fluorouracil-d is the deuterium labeled 5-Fluorouracil. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an analogue of uracil and a potent antitumor agent. 5-Fluorouracil affects pyrimidine synthesis by inhibiting thymidylate synthetase thus depleting intracellular dTTP pools. 5-Fluorouracil induces apoptosis and can be used as a chemical sensitizer. 5-Fluorouracil also inhibits HIV.
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RJS308 TFA
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-173011APurity: 98.36%RJS308 TFA is a selective Cyclophilin A (CypA) PROTAC degrader. RJS308 TFA induces ubiquitin-dependent CypA degradation by recruiting the VHL E3 ligase complex, and forms a ternary complex with CypA and VHL/elongin C/elongin B. RJS308 TFA exhibits anti-HIV-1 and anti-HCV activities. RJS308 TFA can be used in studies related to viral infections.
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EFdA-TP tetralithium
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-138561CEFdA-TP tetralithium is a potent nucleoside reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor. EFdA-TP tetralithium inhibits RT-catalyzed DNA synthesis as an effective immediate or delayed chain terminator (ICT or DCT). EFdA-TP tetralithium inhibits HIV-1 RT with multiple mechanisms.
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(S)-Tenofovir
0 ImagesSynonyms: (S)-GS 1278; (S)-PMPA; (S)-TDF
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Valproic acid-d15
0 ImagesSynonyms: VPA-d15; 2-Propylpentanoic acid-d15Valproic acid-d15 is the deuterium labeled Valproic acid. Valproic acid (VPA; 2-Propylpentanoic Acid) is an HDAC inhibitor, with IC50 in the range of 0.5 and 2 mM, also inhibits HDAC1 (IC50, 400 μM), and induces proteasomal degradation of HDAC2. Valproic acid activates Notch1 signaling and inhibits proliferation in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells. Valproic acid sodium salt is used in the treatment of epilepsy, bipolar disorder and prevention of migraine headaches.
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BIT-225
0 ImagesBIT-225 is an inhibitor for Vpu protein through block of Vpu ion channel, and thus inhibits the release of HIV-1, especially in monocyte-derived macrophages (EC50 is 2.25 μM), without significant cytotoxicity (TC50 is 284 μM).
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Emtricitabine triphosphate tetrasodium salt
0 ImagesSynonyms: (-)-Emtricitabine triphosphate tetrasodium saltEmtricitabine triphosphate tetrasodium salt ((-)-Emtricitabine triphosphate tetrasodium salt) is the phosphorylated active metabolite of Emtricitabine (HY-17427). Emtricitabine triphosphate inhibits HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and incorporates into the nascent viral DNA chain, causing chain termination. Emtricitabine triphosphate tetrasodium salt can serve as a biomarker for assessing adherence to antiretroviral therapy. Emtricitabine triphosphate (tetrasodium salt) can be used in research related to HIV infection.
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MPG peptides, Pβ
0 ImagesMPG peptides, Pβ is an amphipathic cell-penetrating peptide. MPG peptides, Pβ consists of three components: the hydrophobic fusion sequence (GALFLGFLGAAGSTMGA) of HIV glycoprotein 41, a spacer domain (WSQP), and the nuclear localization signal (KKKRKV) of the large T antigen of Simian virus 40. MPG peptides, Pβ can form stable non-covalent complexes with nucleic acids (including DNA) through electrostatic interactions and improve their intracellular delivery. MPG peptides, Pβ can be used in studies of HIV-1-related immune responses.
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Peldesine dihydrochloride
0 ImagesSynonyms: BCX 34 dihydrochloridePeldesine (BCX 34) dihydrochloride is a potent, competitive, reversible and orally active purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) inhibitor with IC50s of 36 nM, 5 nM, and 32 nM for human, rat, and mouse red blood cell (RBC) PNP, respectively. Peldesine dihydrochloride is also a T-cell proliferation inhibitor with an IC50 of 800 nM. Peldesine dihydrochloride has the potential for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, psoriasis and HIV infection research.
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2-Hydroxyacetophenone
0 ImagesSynonyms: Phenacyl alcohol2-Hydroxyacetophenone is a principal root volatile of the Carissa edulis. 2-Hydroxyacetophenone can be used as biulding block.
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NSC727447
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-W028350CAS No.: 40106-12-5NSC727447 is a vinyl urea-based allosteric inhibitor of HIV reverse transcriptase-associated RNase H with IC50 values of 2.0 μM and 2.5 μM against HIV-1 and HIV-2 RNase H, respectively, and IC50 values of 100 μM and 10.6 μM against Escherichia coli and human RNase H, respectively. NSC727447 exerts allosteric inhibitory effects mainly by interacting with the region adjacent to α-helix I in the thumb subdomain of the p51 subunit of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Cys280, Lys281 and the RNase H primer grip region are involved in its action, and it may inhibit the catalytic activity of RNase H by altering the positioning of nucleic acid substrates or the geometry of the RNase H active site. NSC727447 can be used in studies related to HIV infection, the function of HIV reverse transcriptase RNase H, and allosteric inhibition mechanisms.
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Peginterferon alfa-2b
0 ImagesSynonyms: PegIFN a-2b; Sch 54031; Sylatron; ViraferonPegPeginterferon alfa-2b (PegIFN a-2b; Sch 54031; Sylatron; ViraferonPeg) is an immunomodulator. Peginterferon alfa-2b is a recombinant alfa-2b interferon covalently linked PEG with antiviral activity against HCV. Peginterferon alfa-2b decreases viral DNA in HIV. Peginterferon alfa-2b can be used in research of melanoma and hepatitis C.
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Beta-Acetoxyisovalerylshikonin
0 ImagesBeta-Acetoxyisovalerylshikonin is a naturally occurring naphthoquinone-type shikonin derivative that is widely distributed in the roots and cell suspension cultures of *Arnebia euchroma*, *Arnebia guttata*, *Onosma hispidum* and *Lithospermum erythrorhizon*. Beta-Acetoxyisovalerylshikonin exhibits favorable antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, wound-healing promoting and antioxidant activities, and also possesses potential anti-tumor and anti-HIV properties.
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Sodium copper chlorophyllin B
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-B2226CAS No.: 28302-36-5Sodium copper chlorophyllin B exerts antiviral activities against Influenza virus and HIV with IC50s of 50 to 100 μM for both of them.
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Letrazuril
0 ImagesLetrazuril is an anti-HIV agent.
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NSC260594
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-112591CAS No.: 906718-66-9Synonyms: XMH95NSC260594 induces Apoptosis. NSC260594 binds the shallow groove of the Mcl-1 protein, and inhibits Mcl-1 expression through down-regulation of Wnt signaling proteins. NSC260594 can also recognize G9-G10-A11-G12 RNA tetraloop of HIV and prevent the binding of the Gag protein within the 5’-UTR. NSC260594 inhibits tumor growth, and can be used for research of Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs).
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18α-Licorice-saponin H2
0 ImagesSynonyms: 18α-GA; Isoglycyrrhizinic acid; 18α-Glycyrrhizic acid18α-Glycyrrhizic acid (18α-GA; Isoglycyrrhizinic acid; 18α-Glycyrrhizic acid) is a derivative of glycyrrhizic acid with oral activity. 18α-Glycyrrhizic acid exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective and cardioprotective activities. 18α-Glycyrrhizic acid protects against ethanol-induced alcoholic liver disease in rats by upregulating the expression levels of SOD, GSH, PPAR-α and CPT-1. 18α-Glycyrrhizic acid shows cytotoxicity against T lymphocytes and inhibits HIV-1 replication in these cells. 18α-Glycyrrhizic acid alleviates oxidative stress by reducing the levels of ROS, Nrf2, HO-1 and p-P65, and alleviates pyroptosis by downregulating the expression levels of NLRP3, GSDMD-N, P20 and c-IL-1β. 18α-Glycyrrhizic acid inhibits autophagy, colonic fibrosis and myocardial fibrosis, and regulates intestinal barrier integrity. 18α-Glycyrrhizic acid can be used in research related to alcoholic liver disease, HIV-1 infection, hepatotoxicity, acute liver failure, inflammatory bowel disease and myocardial fibrosis.
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Panobinostat (Standard)
0 ImagesSynonyms: LBH589 (Standard); NVP-LBH589 (Standard)Panobinostat (Standard) (LBH589 (Standard)) is the analytical standard of Panobinostat (HY-10224). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Panobinostat is a potent and orally active non-selective HDAC inhibitor, and has antineoplastic activities. Panobinostat induces HIV-1 virus production even at low concentration range 8-31 nM, stimulates HIV-1 expression in latently infected cells. Panobinostat induces cell apoptosis and autophagy. Panobinostat can be used for the study of refractory or relapsed multiple myeloma.
