HIV
HIV-1 is an RNA retrovirus that infects immune cells through the envelope glycoprotein Env, whose mature gp120/gp41 trimer mediates viral entry into host cells[1]. Mechanistically, gp120 binds CD4 and then the chemokine coreceptors CCR5 or CXCR4, while gp41 refolding brings viral and cellular membranes together for fusion[2][3]. After entry, viral replication depends on reverse transcriptase, protease, and integrase, making these enzymes core targets for antiretroviral research[4][5]. In disease relevance, untreated HIV replication causes progressive CD4+ T-cell loss and immunological abnormalities, increasing infectious and oncological complications[6]. Compared with related forms, HIV-1 remains the main focus because it is described as the most virulent and pathogenic subtype in diagnostic and treatment literature[7]. For experimental applications, entry inhibitors target gp120, gp41, CCR5, or CXCR4, while enzyme inhibitors target reverse transcriptase, protease, or integrase to suppress distinct stages of the HIV life cycle[4][8].
References:
- [1]. Anang S, et al. Characterization of full-length and cytoplasmic tail-truncated envelope glycoproteins incorporated into human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) virions and virus-like particles. J Virol. 2025 Dec 23;99(12):e0158525. [Content Brief]
- [2]. Teixeira C, et al. Viral surface glycoproteins, gp120 and gp41, as potential drug targets against HIV-1: brief overview one quarter of a century past the approval of zidovudine, the first anti-retroviral drug. Eur J Med Chem. 2011 Apr;46(4):979-92. [Content Brief]
- [3]. Princen K, et al. HIV chemokine receptor inhibitors as novel anti-HIV drugs. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2005 Dec;16(6):659-77. [Content Brief]
- [4]. De Clercq E. Emerging anti-HIV drugs. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2005 May;10(2):241-73. doi: 10.1517/14728214.10.2.241. PMID: 15934866. et al. Emerging anti-HIV drugs. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2005 May;10(2):241-73. [Content Brief]
- [5]. Palmisano L. Role of integrase inhibitors in the treatment of HIV disease. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2007 Feb;5(1):67-75. doi: 10.1586/14787210.5.1.67. PMID: 17266455. et al. Role of integrase inhibitors in the treatment of HIV disease. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2007 Feb;5(1):67-75. [Content Brief]
- [6]. Deeks SG, et al. HIV infection. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2015 Oct 1;1:15035. [Content Brief]
- [7]. Zulfiqar HF, et al. HIV Diagnosis and Treatment through Advanced Technologies. Front Public Health. 2017 Mar 7;5:32. [Content Brief]
- [8]. Greenberg M, et al. HIV fusion and its inhibition in antiretroviral therapy. Rev Med Virol. 2004 Sep-Oct;14(5):321-37. [Content Brief]
All Product Categories
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HIV Related Products (903)
Related Products (903)
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Amphotericin B methyl ester
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-135327CAS No.: 36148-89-7Amphotericin B methyl ester is the methyl ester derivative of the polyene antibiotic Amphotericin B (A634250). Amphotericin B methyl ester is the cholesterol-binding compound possesses significant antifungal activity. Amphotericin B methyl ester disrupts HIV-1 particle production and potently inhibits HIV-1 replication.
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Valproic acid-d6
0 ImagesSynonyms: VPA-d6; 2-Propylpentanoic acid-d6Valproic acid-d6 is the deuterium labeled Valproic acid. Valproic acid (VPA; 2-Propylpentanoic Acid) is an HDAC inhibitor, with IC50 in the range of 0.5 and 2 mM, also inhibits HDAC1 (IC50, 400 μM), and induces proteasomal degradation of HDAC2. Valproic acid activates Notch1 signaling and inhibits proliferation in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells. Valproic acid sodium salt is used in the treatment of epilepsy, bipolar disorder and prevention of migraine headaches.
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Megestrol acetate (Standard)
0 ImagesMegestrol acetate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Megestrol acetate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Megestrol acetate is a synthetic and orally active progesteronal agent. Megestrol acetate is effective as an appetite stimulant for wasting syndromes such as cachexia. Megestrol acetate decreases nuclear and cytosol androgen receptors human BPH tissue. Megestrol acetate has the potential for HIV study and downregulates autophagic catabolic pathway.
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Emtricitabine (Standard)
0 ImagesSynonyms: BW1592 (Standard)Emtricitabine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Emtricitabine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Emtricitabine is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) with an EC50 of 0.01 μM in PBMC cell. It is an antiviral agent for the treatment of HIV infection.
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Alloc-DOX
0 ImagesSynonyms: N-Alloc doxorubicinAlloc-DOX (N-Alloc doxorubicin) is a Doxorubicin (HY-15142A) prodrug. The combination of a catalyst (such as nano-palladium) and alloc-DOX leads to a decrease in cell viability and tumour growth.
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CA inhibitor 1
0 ImagesSynonyms: GS-6207 analogCA inhibitor 1 (GS-6207 analog) is a potent HIV capsid inhibitor for HIV inhibition. CA inhibitor 1 is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
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Amustaline dihydrochloride
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-106991ACAS No.: 210584-54-6Synonyms: S-303 dihydrochlorideAmustaline (S-303) dihydrochloride, a nucleic acid-targeted alkylator, is an efficient pathogen inactivation agent for blood components containing red blood cells. Amustaline dihydrochloride has three components: an acridine anchor (an intercalator that targets nucleic acids non-covalently), an effector (a bis-alkylator group that reacts with nucleophiles), and a linker (a small flexible carbon chain containing a labile ester bond that hydrolyzes at neutral pH to yield non-reactive breakdown products).
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Zinlirvimab
0 ImagesSynonyms: 10-1074Zinlirvimab is a human IgG1-λ2, HIV neutralising antibody targeting to HIV-1 gp120 envelope glycoprotein (IIIB gp120 V3 loop).
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VRC01LS
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-P991246Purity: 98.78%VRC01LS is a humanized monoclonal antibody inhibitor targeting the CD4-binding site of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env). VRC01LS blocks the binding of HIV-1 to host cell CD4 receptor, inhibiting viral entry. VRC01LS is promising for research of HIV-1 infection.
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2'-Deoxy-2'-fluoroarabinoadenosine
0 Images2'-Deoxy-2'-fluoroarabinoadenosine is a nucleoside analogue, which exhibits anticancer activity against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
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LEDGIN6
0 ImagesSynonyms: CX05168; CX04328LEDGIN6 (CX05168) is a quinoline-based protein-protein interaction inhibitor of LEDGF/p75 and HIV integrase.
