IL-10
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) functions as a critical anti-inflammatory cytokine that modulates innate and adaptive immune responses[1][2]. Mechanistically, IL-10 activates the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, particularly STAT3, to suppress proinflammatory cytokine production and promote immunoregulatory gene expression[3][1]. In experimental models of bacterial sepsis, IL-10 partially restores mitochondrial function and oxidative phosphorylation in monocytes, counteracting pathogen-induced metabolic inhibition[1]. T cell-derived IL-10 production is regulated by metabolic pathways, including aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr) and Bhlhe40, which control cytokine output and mucosal immune homeostasis in intestinal inflammation models[2]. Compared with related cytokines, IL-10 displays distinct anti-inflammatory potency and feedback regulation not shared by IL-6 or TNF-α[3][1]. Agonists and inhibitors targeting upstream metabolic or signaling modulators, such as dichloroacetate (DCA), can selectively enhance IL-10 production in Th1 cells, demonstrating translational potential for inflammatory bowel disease research[2]. Furthermore, IL-10 isoform-specific signaling contributes to differential regulation of oxidative phosphorylation genes, offering a mechanistic basis for isoform-focused experimental applications[1]. Collectively, these findings highlight IL-10 as a central regulator of immune homeostasis, with mechanistic specificity distinct from related cytokines and amenable to pharmacological modulation in experimental and disease-relevant contexts[3][1][2].
References:
- [1]. Cheon H, et al. Prostaglandin E2 augments IL-10 signaling and function. J Immunol. 2006 Jul 15;177(2):1092-100. [Content Brief]
- [2]. Gopinathan U, et al. Transcriptomic data from two primary cell models stimulating human monocytes suggest inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial function by N. meningitidis which is partially up-regulated by IL-10. BMC Immunol. 2017 Oct 27;18(1):46. [Content Brief]
- [3]. Liu H, et al. Metabolic regulation of T cell production of IL-10 and IL-22 protects against intestinal inflammation. Precis Clin Med. 2025 Oct 24;8(4):pbaf025. [Content Brief]
-
IL-10 Related Products (92)
Related Products (92)
-
Recombinant Proteins (16)
-
CT-133
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-160844CAS No.: 2417155-47-4CT-133 is a selective and potent CRTH2 Receptor antagonist, with a Ki value of 2.2 nM. The Ki value for the DP1 receptor is greater than 3800 nM. CT-133 inhibits neutrophil migration induced by PGD2 (HY-101988). CT-133 significantly alleviates lung inflammation and improves lung function impairment in a mouse model of acute lung injury (ALI) induced by cigarette smoke. CT-133 effectively inhibits the excessive expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and chemokines (KC), and reverses the inhibition of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10. CT-133 can be used for the study of ALI.
-
BMS-986331
0 ImagesBMS-986331 is an orally active selective N-Formyl Peptide Receptor 2 (FPR2) agonist with an EC50 of 0.5 nM in humans and 1 nM in rats. BMS-986331 activates Gαi2, GαoA, Gα12, Gα13 signaling pathways, recruits β-arrestin1 and β-arrestin2, and inhibits downstream cAMP. BMS-986331 induces the expression and release of the pro-resolution cytokine IL-10. BMS-986331 improves cardiac structure and function in a rat model of heart failure induced by permanent coronary artery occlusion. BMS-986331 can be used for the research of heart failure.
-
13(S)-HOTrE
0 Images13 (S)-HOTrE is an oxylipin metabolite of α-Linolenic acid (HY-N0728). 13 (S)-HOTrE mediates the inactivation of the NLRP3 inflammasome through the PPAR-γ pathway to exert anti-inflammatory effects. 13 (S)-HOTrE inhibits NF-κB nuclear translocation, ROS production, autophagy and IL-1β levels, induces apoptosis, and increases IL-10 levels. 13 (S)-HOTrE alleviates LPS-induced inflammatory responses in macrophages, prolongs the survival time of septic mice, and regulates the immunometabolic phenotype in parenteral nutrition mouse models. 13 (S)-HOTrE can be used in the research of immune and inflammation-related diseases.
-
Difelikefalin-d5
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-17609SSynonyms: CR-845-d5; FE-202845-d5Difelikefalin-d5 (CR-845-d5; FE-202845-d5) is the deuterated-labeled Difelikefalin (HY-17609). Difelikefalin (CR-845; FE-202845) is an orally active peripherally acting kappa opioid receptor agonist. Difelikefalin reduces acute kidney injury, decreases oliguria, maintains urine flow, inhibits cytokine expression, and improves survival in endotoxemia after ischemia/reperfusion. Difelikefalin suppresses pruritus signals and exhibits neuromodulatory antipruritic activity. Difelikefalin can be used in research related to acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus, and atopic dermatitis.
-
Licocoumarone
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-N20713CAS No.: 118524-14-4Licocoumarone is an active component derived from licorice. Licocoumarone has an IC50 of 12.56 μM and a Kd of 14.90 μM against human DYRK1A. Licocoumarone inhibits NF-κB activation by blocking IκBα degradation and p65 phosphorylation, interferes with MAPK activation via inhibiting phosphorylation, and downregulates the expression of iNOS. Licocoumarone inhibits LPS-induced expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10; it induces apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells apoptosis and acts as a neuraminidase inhibitor (IC50 = 27.8 μM). Licocoumarone exhibits anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities, with antibacterial activity against Listeria and antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis. Licocoumarone can be used in studies related to immune and inflammatory diseases, pancreatic cancer, and specific bacterial and fungal infections.
-
Pseudoginsenoside RT4
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-N17685CAS No.: 98474-77-2Pseudoginsenoside RT4 is an orally active anti-inflammatory agent. Pseudoginsenoside RT4 can be isolated from Panax pseudoginseng subsp. Himalaicus, Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv, and Panax quinquefolius L. Pseudoginsenoside RT4 reduces the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, elevates the level of IL-10, improves the histopathological features of colon tissue, maintains the ultrastructure of colonic epithelium, protects the integrity of cell monolayers, increases the expression of tight junction proteins, raises the total content of short-chain fatty acids, corrects intestinal flora disorder, reduces the disease activity index score, restores colon length, and decreases the spleen index. Pseudoginsenoside RT4 exhibits hepatoprotective effects. Pseudoginsenoside RT4 can be used in studies related to ulcerative colitis.
-
Carboetomidate
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-121102CAS No.: 1257067-10-9Carboetomidate is a pyrrole derivative analogous to the sedative-hypnotic drug Etomidate, which induces general anesthesia while avoiding the inhibition of adrenal steroid synthesis. Carboetomidate enhances GABAA receptor function via β2/β3 subunits, inhibits neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) and 5-HT3A receptors, and increases plasma IL-10 levels during endotoxemia. Carboetomidate is applicable to research related to sepsis and sleep disorders.
-
(E)-Methyl 4-coumarate (Standard)
0 ImagesSynonyms: Methyl trans-p-coumarate (Standard)(E)-Methyl 4-coumarate (Standard) is the analytical standard of (E)-Methyl 4-coumarate (HY-N2492). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. (E)-Methyl 4-coumarate (Methyl 4-hydroxycinnamate) is a phenolic compound and derivative of Cinnamic acid (HY-N0610A). (E)-Methyl 4-coumarate can be found in several plants, such as the leaves of Allium cepa and Morinda citrifolia L. (E)-Methyl 4-coumarate, when combined with Carnosic acid (HY-N0644), induces Apoptosis. (E)-Methyl 4-coumarate inhibits GSK3β activity and modulates inflammatory cytokine levels (increasing IL-10 and decreasing IL-4). (E)-Methyl 4-coumarate combined with Carnosic acid exhibits anticancer effects against acute myeloid leukemia. (E)-Methyl 4-coumarate ameliorates Plasmodium berghei NK65 infection.
-
C14-Ala-D-Glu-(γ-meso)-LAN-Gly(OH)
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-184814CAS No.: 1863978-69-1Synonyms: C14-A-iE-LAN-GC14-Ala-D-Glu-(γ-meso)-LAN-Gly (OH) (C14-A-iE-LAN-G) is a NOD1 agonist and immunomodulator. C14-Ala-D-Glu-(γ-meso)-LAN-Gly (OH) promotes IL-10 production in cells. C14-Ala-D-Glu-(γ-meso)-LAN-Gly (OH) is applicable to research related to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and colitis.
-
Chitohexaose hexahydrochloride
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-N7697CCAS No.: 127171-88-4Chitohexaose hexahydrochloride is a small molecular polysaccharide. Chitohexaose hexahydrochloride inhibits the binding of AgW to TLR4. Chitohexaose hexahydrochloride upregulates IL-10, inhibits LPS-induced upregulation of ROS, induces alternative activation of macrophages/monocytes, and suppresses LPS-induced production of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. Chitohexaose hexahydrochloride reverses the mortality of mice challenged with APAP or LPS. Chitohexaose hexahydrochloride can be used in research related to Acetaminophen (HY-66005)-induced hepatotoxicity and endotoxemia.
-
Difelikefalin hydrochloride
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-17609ACAS No.: 2413256-25-2Synonyms: CR-845 hydrochloride; FE-202845 hydrochlorideDifelikefalin hydrochloride (CR-845 hydrochloride; FE-202845 hydrochloride) is an orally active peripherally acting kappa opioid receptor agonist. Difelikefalin hydrochloride reduces acute kidney injury, decreases oliguria, maintains urine flow, inhibits cytokine expression, and improves survival in endotoxemia after ischemia/reperfusion. Difelikefalin hydrochloride suppresses pruritus signals and exhibits neuromodulatory antipruritic activity. Difelikefalin hydrochloride can be used in research related to acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus, and atopic dermatitis.
