IL-10
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) functions as a critical anti-inflammatory cytokine that modulates innate and adaptive immune responses[1][2]. Mechanistically, IL-10 activates the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, particularly STAT3, to suppress proinflammatory cytokine production and promote immunoregulatory gene expression[3][1]. In experimental models of bacterial sepsis, IL-10 partially restores mitochondrial function and oxidative phosphorylation in monocytes, counteracting pathogen-induced metabolic inhibition[1]. T cell-derived IL-10 production is regulated by metabolic pathways, including aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr) and Bhlhe40, which control cytokine output and mucosal immune homeostasis in intestinal inflammation models[2]. Compared with related cytokines, IL-10 displays distinct anti-inflammatory potency and feedback regulation not shared by IL-6 or TNF-α[3][1]. Agonists and inhibitors targeting upstream metabolic or signaling modulators, such as dichloroacetate (DCA), can selectively enhance IL-10 production in Th1 cells, demonstrating translational potential for inflammatory bowel disease research[2]. Furthermore, IL-10 isoform-specific signaling contributes to differential regulation of oxidative phosphorylation genes, offering a mechanistic basis for isoform-focused experimental applications[1]. Collectively, these findings highlight IL-10 as a central regulator of immune homeostasis, with mechanistic specificity distinct from related cytokines and amenable to pharmacological modulation in experimental and disease-relevant contexts[3][1][2].
References:
- [1]. Cheon H, et al. Prostaglandin E2 augments IL-10 signaling and function. J Immunol. 2006 Jul 15;177(2):1092-100. [Content Brief]
- [2]. Gopinathan U, et al. Transcriptomic data from two primary cell models stimulating human monocytes suggest inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial function by N. meningitidis which is partially up-regulated by IL-10. BMC Immunol. 2017 Oct 27;18(1):46. [Content Brief]
- [3]. Liu H, et al. Metabolic regulation of T cell production of IL-10 and IL-22 protects against intestinal inflammation. Precis Clin Med. 2025 Oct 24;8(4):pbaf025. [Content Brief]
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IL-10 Related Products (94)
Related Products (94)
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Recombinant Proteins (16)
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Theophylline L-lysine
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-130054CAS No.: 83920-54-1Synonyms: Lysine theophyllinateTheophylline L-lysine (Lysine theophyllinate) is a soluble derivative of Theophylline (HY-B0809). Theophylline L-lysine is a potent phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, adenosine receptor antagonist, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activator. Theophylline L-lysine inhibits PDE3 activity to relax airway smooth muscle. Theophylline L-lysine has anti-inflammatory activity by increasing IL-10 and inhibiting NF-κB into the nucleus. Theophylline L-lysine induces apoptosis. Theophylline L-lysine can be used for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) research.
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MR-39
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-184654CAS No.: 2169267-60-9MR-39 is a FPR2 agonist (EC50 = 3.9 μM). MR-39 activates FPR2 to promote neuroinflammation resolution (downregulates IL-1β and TNF-α, modulates NF-κB), upregulates synaptic proteins (synaptic proteins) and improves dendritic spine morphology. MR-39 inhibits MAPK/ERK and AKT phosphorylation in glioblastoma, induces S-phase arrest, and suppresses migration, angiogenesis, and hypoxic adaptation. MR-39 reduces Aβ plaque burden via inhibiting MyD88/NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome. MR-39 can be used for research on autism spectrum disorder, Alzheimer's disease, and glioblastoma.
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VO-OHPic
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-110067CAS No.: 675848-25-6VO-OHPic is a reversible, noncompetitive PTEN inhibitor with an human IC50 value of 46 nM. VO-OHPic inhibits PTEN signaling, activates Akt-GSK3β and Nrf-2/HO-1 pathways, induces apoptosis resistance and elevates IL-10 levels. VO-OHPic inhibits autophagy, ferroptosis and oxidative stress. VO-OHPic can be used for the research of acute myocardial infarction, intervertebral disc degeneration, cardiomyopathy and cancer.
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S-palm P0(180–199)
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-P10441CAS No.: 1240687-76-6S-palm P0(180-199) is an S-palmitoylated peptide derived from P0 protein. S-palm P0(180-199) induces IL-17+ cells, macrophage infiltration, and anti-P0 antibodies. S-palm P0(180-199) induces chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy in rats via active immunization, manifesting as a relapsing-remitting disease driven by persistent T cells, macrophages, Th17 cells and related cytokines, and P0-specific IgG. S-palm P0(180-199) can be used in research related to chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy.
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RO8323
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-183074RO8323 is an orally active, selective CDK8/CDK19 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 2 nM against CDK8 and 3 nM against CDK19. RO8323 promotes regulatory T cell differentiation, inhibits effector T cell generation, reverses the Teff/Treg ratio, upregulates IL-10 production in myeloid cells, and suppresses the production of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-12. RO8323 enhances immune reconstitution and prolongs cardiac allograft survival in a dose-dependent manner. RO8323 can be used in the research of chronic graft-versus-host disease, cardiac allograft rejection, acute graft-versus-host disease and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
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AN-2898
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-111167CAS No.: 906673-33-4AN-2898 is a selective PDE4 inhibitor with IC50 of 0.027 μM over other phosphodiesterase enzymes, such as PDE1A, PDE2A and PDE3A. AN-2898 also potently inhibits PDE4 subtypes (PDE4B1, PDE4A1A and PDE4D2). AN-2898 significantly inhibits the production of TNF-α, IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-5 and IL-10. AN-2898 can be used for mild to moderate atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis research.
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PROTAC IRAK4 degrader-2
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-135382CAS No.: 2374122-27-5PROTAC IRAK4 degrader-2 is a PROTAC degrader targeting IRAK4. PROTAC IRAK4 degrader-2 induces proteasome-dependent degradation of IRAK4 by recruiting the VHL E3 ligase. PROTAC IRAK4 degrader-2 inhibits multiple cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. PROTAC IRAK4 degrader-2 can be used in the research of autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and neoplastic diseases.
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YM-I-26
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-168091CAS No.: 2585015-90-1
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Serrumab
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-P992153Serrumab is a human monoclonal antibody that counteracts the biochemical and immunological effects of Tityus serrulatus venom. Serrumab inhibits the TsV-induced increase in the production of IL-6, TNFα and IL-10. Serrumab also prevents TsV-induced elevations in plasma urea, creatinine, aspartate transaminase and glucose levels, as well as the TsV-induced increase in neutrophil recruitment. Serrumab can be used in research related to envenoming by the Brazilian yellow scorpion.
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2-ARA-LysoPtdEtn
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-185709CAS No.: 53847-31-7Synonyms: 1-Lyso-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine2-ARA-LysoPtdEtn (1-Lyso-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine) is an orally active polyunsaturated acyl lysophosphatidylethanolamine. 2-ARA-LysoPtdEtn diminishes formation of LTC4, LTB4, and 12-HETE. 2-ARA-LysoPtdEtn lowers levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and NO. 2-ARA-LysoPtdEtn augments IL-10 levels and upgrades formation of 15-HETE and LXA4. 2-ARA-LysoPtdEtn can be used for the research of peritonitis.
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Lemairamin
0 ImagesSynonyms: Wgx-50Lemairamin (Wgx-50) is a hydroxylamine compound. Lemairamin can be isolated from the pericarps of the Zanthoxylum plants. Lemairamin activates α7nAChR, stimulates the expression of IL-10 and POMC. Lemairamin shows a decrease in Akt. Lemairamin attenuates DSS-induced intestinal inflammation. Lemairamin alleviates pain hypersensitivity.
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PKR1 antagonist-2
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-153201CAS No.: 910113-34-7PKR1 antagonist-2 is a non-peptide prokineticin receptor antagonist that preferentially binds to and blocks PK-R1 signaling while also blocking PK-R2. PKR1 antagonist-2 shifts the autoimmune response against myelin from a Th1/Th17 profile toward a Th2 profile, reducing myelin antigen-specific T cell proliferation and the production of proinflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF, IL-6, IL-17), and increasing the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4/IL-10. PKR1 antagonist-2 significantly alleviates disease severity in relapsing-remitting and chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). PKR1 antagonist-2 can be used in research related to multiple sclerosis .
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Antileishmanial agent-44
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-184214Antileishmanial agent-44 is a histone deacetylase inhibitor targeting Leishmania donovani Sir2, with an IC50 of 0.652 μM against amastigotes. Antileishmanial agent-44 elevates ROS levels to induce oxidative stress, which causes mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization, cytochrome c release, phosphatidylserine externalization and DNA fragmentation, triggers apoptosis-like cell death, and arrests the cell cycle. Antileishmanial agent-44 upregulates the expression of Th1-type cytokines and NO in macrophages, reshapes host immune responses to eliminate intracellular parasites. Antileishmanial agent-44 inhibits parasites in infected golden hamsters in vivo. Antileishmanial agent-44 can be used for the research of visceral leishmaniasis.
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rel-(1S,2R)-Dihydro bupropion
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-178240CAS No.: 102141-11-7rel-(1S,2R)-Dihydro bupropion is a metabolite of bupropion. rel-(1S,2R)-Dihydro bupropion can promote endogenous IL-10 production and inhibit Th1 cytokines (IL-12 and TNF-α). rel-(1S,2R)-Dihydro bupropion can induce immune response transition from Th1 to Th2. rel-(1S,2R)-Dihydro bupropion can be used for research on inflammatory conditions.
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PNA5
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-167153CAS No.: 2186644-51-7PNA5 is a novel, blood-brain barrier permeable glycosylated angiotensin-(1-7) peptide and MasR agonist. PNA5 inhibits IL-7, increases IL-10. PNA5 inhibits ROS generation, decreases Iba-1 expression. PNA5 exhibits sustained cognitive protective effects. PNA5 rescues blunted cerebral functional hyperemia. PNA5 can be used in the research of inflammation-related brain diseases.
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HPN601
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-P992370HPN601 is a monoclonal antibody targeting CD326/EPCAM, as well as a protease-activated EpCAM-targeted T cell engager. HPN601 binds to EPCAM, CD3e and albumin, and induces T cell-mediated tumor cell killing. HPN601 significantly reduces the release levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-10. HPN601 can be used for relevant research on cancers such as breast cancer and gastric cancer.
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SCH708980
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-P991659SCH708980 is a humanized monoclonal antibody inhibitor targeting IL-10. SCH708980 has anti-immunosuppressive activity. SCH708980 can be used for visceral leishmaniasis, sepsis-associated kidney injury (SAKI) and osteoporosis research.
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Theophylline sodium acetate
0 ImagesSynonyms: 1,3-Dimethylxanthine sodium acetate; Theo-24 sodium acetateTheophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) sodium acetate is a potent phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, adenosine receptor antagonist, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activator. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) sodium acetate inhibits PDE3 activity to relax airway smooth muscle. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) sodium acetate has anti-inflammatory activity by increase IL-10 and inhibit NF-κB into the nucleus. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) sodium acetate induces apoptosis. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) sodium acetate can be used for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) research.
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KOR agonist 7
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-178945KOR agonist 7 (Compound 29) is a highly selective κ-opioid receptor (KOR) agonist with a Ki of 138 nM. KOR agonist 7 shows no activity at μ- and δ-opioid receptors or σ1 receptor, and exhibits extremely low affinity for σ2 receptor (Ki = 2.8 μM). KOR agonist 7 significantly reduces the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, while increasing the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. KOR agonist 7 downregulates the expression of the pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage marker CD80 and upregulates the anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage marker CD163. KOR agonist 7 holds potential for applications in analgesia and immune modulation.
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N-Palmitoyl-D-glucosamine
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-N19801CAS No.: 54627-18-8N-Palmitoyl-D-glucosamine is an orally active TLR4 antagonist. N-Palmitoyl-D-glucosamine stably binds MD-2 with, preventing LPS-induced NF-κB signaling, decreases pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6), increases anti-inflammatory IL-10 and IL-1rα, and normalizes miR-20a-5p, miR-106a-5p, and miR-27a-3p levels. N-Palmitoyl-D-glucosamine decreases allodynia and prevents myelino-axonal degeneration of peripheral nerves. N-Palmitoyl-D-glucosamine can be used for the researches of keratitis and peripheral neuropathy.
