TGF-beta/Smad
Transforming growth factor beta
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is a member of a superfamily of pleiotropic proteins that regulate multiple cellular processes such as growth, development and differentiation. The intracellular effectors of TGF-beta signalling, the Smad proteins, are activated by receptors and translocate into the nucleus, where they regulate transcription. Although this pathway is inherently simple, combinatorial interactions in the heteromeric receptor and Smad complexes, receptor-interacting and Smad-interacting proteins, and cooperation with sequence-specific transcription factors allow substantial versatility and diversification of TGF-beta family responses. Other signalling pathways further regulate Smad activation and function.
In addition, TGF-beta receptors activate Smad-independent pathways that not only regulate Smad signalling, but also allow Smad-independent TGF-beta responses. Aberrant TGF-β signaling is associated with a variety of diseases, such as fibrosis, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Hence, the TGF-β signaling pathway is recognized as a potential drug target.
TGF-beta/Smad Isoform Specific Products
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TGF-beta/Smad Inhibitors
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TGF-beta/Smad Agonists
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TGF-beta/Smad Antagonist
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TGF-beta/Smad Activators
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TGF-beta/Smad Modulators
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TGF-beta/Smad Inducers
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TGF-beta/Smad Control
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TGF-β1 Proteins
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TGF-β2 Proteins
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TGF-β3 Proteins
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Smad Family Proteins
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SMAD2 Proteins
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SMAD3 Proteins
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SMAD4 Proteins
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SMAD5 Proteins
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TGF-β Proteins
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TGF-beta/Smad Related Products (289)
Related Products (289)
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Recombinant Proteins (62)
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Antibodies (18)
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TGF-beta/Smad Isoform Comparison
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Apitegromab
0 ImagesSynonyms: SRK-015Apitegromab (SRK-015) is an anti-promyostatin monoclonal antibody. Apitegromab can be used for the research of neuromuscular disease including spinal muscular atrophy.
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Trevogrumab
0 ImagesSynonyms: REGN-1033; SAR391786Trevogrumab (REGN-1033) is a monoclonal antibody targeting GDF8 (growth differentiation factor 8, also known as myostatin). Trevogrumab is used in research on muscle wasting conditions, including disuse atrophy, chronic diseases, and changes in food and nutrient intake.
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Hydrochlorothiazide
0 ImagesHydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), an orally active diuretic agent of the thiazide class, inhibits transforming TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. Hydrochlorothiazide has direct vascular relaxant effects via opening of the calcium-activated potassium (KCA) channel. Hydrochlorothiazide improves cardiac function, reduces fibrosis and has antihypertensive effect.
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Sotatercept (mIgG2a)
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-P99590APurity: 99.93%Synonyms: RAP-011Sotatercept (mIgG2a) (RAP-011), the murine homolog of Sotatercept (ACE-011) (HY-P99590), is a soluble activin receptor type IIA (ActRIIA) ligand trap. Sotatercept (mIgG2a) inhibits the binding of activin A and other members of the TGF-β superfamily (such as Activin A/B, GDF11 and BMP9/10) to their receptors by combining and neutralizing them, thereby regulating cell proliferation and differentiation. Sotatercept (mIgG2a) mainly inhibits the SMAD2/3 signaling pathway, and can be used in various diseases such as chronic kidney disease. Sotatercept (mIgG2a) reduces the expression of erythropoietic hepcidin (ERFE), regulates iron metabolism, and promotes red blood cell production. Sotatercept (mIgG2a) has a dual effect of promoting bone formation (anabolic) and inhibiting bone resorption (catabolic).
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Chebulinic acid
0 ImagesChebulinic acid is a potent natural inhibitor of M. tuberculosis DNA gyrase, also can inhibit SMAD-3 phosphorylation, inhibit H+ K+-ATPase activity.
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Trimethylamine N-oxide dihydrate
0 ImagesTrimethylamine N-oxide dihydrate is a gut microbe-dependent metabolite of dietary choline and other trimethylamine-containing nutrients. Trimethylamine N-oxide dihydrate induces inflammation by activating the ROS/NLRP3 inflammasome. Trimethylamine N-oxide dihydrate also accelerates fibroblast-myofibroblast differentiation and induces cardiac fibrosis by activating the TGF-β/smad2 signaling pathway.
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Trimethylamine N-oxide-d9
0 ImagesTrimethylamine N-oxide-d9 is the deuterium labeled Trimethylamine N-oxide. Trimethylamine N-oxide is a gut microbe-dependent metabolite of dietary choline and other trimethylamine-containing nutrients. Trimethylamine N-oxide induces inflammation by activating the ROS/NLRP3 inflammasome. Trimethylamine N-oxide also accelerates fibroblast-myofibroblast differentiation and induces cardiac fibrosis by activating the TGF-β/smad2 signaling pathway.
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Nystose
0 ImagesNystose is a tetrasaccharide with two fructose molecules linked via beta (1→2) bonds to the fructosyl moiety of sucrose. Nystose exhibits prebiotic, immunomodulatory, and metabolism regulating activities. Nystose promotes the bone mineralization by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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3,3-Dimethyl-1-butanol
0 ImagesSynonyms: DMB; Neohexanol3,3-Dimethyl-1-butanol (DMB) is an orally active inhibitor of trimethylamine (TMA) and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO). 3,3-Dimethyl-1-butanol inhibits the signaling pathway of p65 NF-κB and TGF-β1/Smad3. 3,3-Dimethyl-1-butanol has potential applications in cardiovascular disease (CVD).
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CD1530
0 ImagesCD1530 is an orally active, selective RARγ agonist and antibacterial agent. CD1530 reduces Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation and overall Smad levels. CD1530 reduces β-catenin, MMP9 protein, and ROS levels. CD1530 exhibits activities such as inhibiting heterotopic ossification, promoting Achilles tendon healing, and inhibiting muscle fatty infiltration. CD1530 can be used in the research of orthopedic diseases (such as heterotopic ossification, Achilles tendon injury), muscle diseases (such as muscle fatty infiltration-related diseases).
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Carotuximab
0 ImagesSynonyms: TRC105; DE-122
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Micheliolide
0 ImagesMicheliolide is a sesquiterpene lactone with anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects, which is derived from Michelia compressa and Michelia champaca. Micheliolide can attenuate high glucose-stimulated NF-κB activation, IκBα degradation, and the expression of MCP-1, TGF-β1, and FN in mouse mesangial cells. Micheliolide inhibits LPS (HY-D1056)-induced activation of NF-κB and PI3K/Akt/p70S6K pathways to play an anti-inflammatory role. Micheliolide inhibits dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) (HY-116282)-induced inflammatory intestinal disease, colitis-associated cancer and rheumatic arthritis.
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BTYNB
0 ImagesBTYNB is a structure-specific nucleic acid binder and IGF2BP1 inhibitor (with an IC50 of 5 μM against hBTYNB). BTYNB disrupts the IGF2BP1-RNA interaction and blocks its binding to oncogenic mRNAs such as c-Myc, MDM2, PD-L1. BTYNB completely blocks the INHBA-Smad2/3 pathway, disrupts the MYCN/IGF2BP1 loop, and thereby induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, effectively inhibiting the proliferation and survival of cancer cells. In addition, BTYNB acts as an immune activator and tumor microenvironment modulator, enhances T cell-mediated tumor killing, and produces significant synergistic effects with inhibitors of PD-1, BRD and BIRC5. BTYNB can be used in relevant research on various malignant tumors including ovarian cancer, neuroblastoma, leukemia and melanoma.
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R-268712
0 ImagesR-268712 is an orally active and selective ALK-5 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 2.5 nM. R-268712 inhibits the phosphorylation of Smad3 in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 of 10.4 nM. R-268712 suppresses glomerulonephritis as well as glomerulosclerosis by inhibiting TGF-β signaling, which can be used in studies of renal fibrosis and cancer.
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Fusaric acid
0 ImagesFusaric acid is an orally active multi-pathway inhibitor with the activity of inducing oxidative stress and apoptosis. Fusaric acid can chelate divalent metal cations, damage mitochondrial membrane structure, and activate apoptosis-related proteases such as Caspase-3/7, -8, and -9. Fusaric acid also regulates Bax/Bcl-2 protein, inhibits fibrosis-related signaling pathways such as NF-κB, TGF-β1/SMADs, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR, and reduces collagen deposition. Fusaric acid is also a dopamine β-hydroxylase inhibitor, which reduces endogenous levels of norepinephrine and epinephrine in the brain, heart, spleen, and adrenal glands. Fusaric acid can play a role in myocardial fibrosis and improve cardiac hypertrophy in heart disease, and can also be used in the study of esophageal cancer and liver cancer.
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Hydronidone
0 ImagesHydronidone is an orally active pyridine derivative. Hydronidone is an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) and cyclo-oxygenase (COX) as well as TGF-β. Hydronidone induces mitochondrial dysfunction and triggers apoptosis. Hydronidone can be used for liver fibrosis, anti-inflammation and anti-cancer study.
