TGF-beta/Smad Inhibitor

Withangulatin A is the inhibitor for COX-2. Withangulatin A inhibits MAPK, NF-κB, Akt/mTOR/p70S6K pathway, exhibits antitumor, anti-inflammatory and trypanocidal activities.

Mogroside III-E is a cucurbitane-type triterpenoid glycoside extracted from Siraitia grosvenorii, and it is an orally active TLR4 inhibitor. Mogroside III-E downregulates the expression of TLR4 and MyD88, and blocks the phosphorylation of downstream ERK, JNK and p38 MAPK molecules; meanwhile, it inhibits TGF-β- or LPS-mediated transdifferentiation of primary pulmonary fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, reduces the content of fibrosis markers such as hydroxyproline, suppresses the pro-fibrotic TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway, and downregulates the levels of inflammatory factors MPO and IL-1β. Mogroside III-E alleviates Bleomycin (HY-108345)-induced pulmonary collagen deposition and inflammatory infiltration in mice. Mogroside III-E can be used in studies related to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Lobeglitazone sulfate is a new type of thiazolidinedione. Lobeglitazone sulfate is the orally active agonist for PPAR with EC₅₀ of 137.4 nM and 546.3 nM for PPARγ and PPARα. Lobeglitazone sulfate is the inhibitor for ERK/JNK/Smad/NF-κB signaling pathway. Lobeglitazone sulfate exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-fibrotic and anti-atherosclerotic properties.

Mongersen (GED-0301) is a specific and orally active SMAD7 antisense oligonucleotide. Mongersen restores TGF-β1 activity leading to inhibition of inflammatory signals. Mongersen can attenuate Crohn's disease-like experimental colitis in mice.

KS370G is an orally active hypoglycemic and cardiovascular protective agent. KS370G improves left ventricular hypertrophy and function in pressure-overload mice heart. KS370G reduces renal obstructive nephropathy.

Isoviolanthin is a flavonoid glycoside. Isoviolanthin can be extracted from Dendrobium officinale. Isoviolanthin has a strong affinity for binding to KDM6B, CHAC2, ESCO2, and IPO4. Isoviolanthin decreases MMP-2 and MMP-9. Isoviolanthin inhibits TGF-β/Smad and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways. Isoviolanthin increases Fhl3 expression. Isoviolanthin has cytoprotective effects. Isoviolanthin has anticancer activity against hepatocellular carcinoma.

DGM is an inhibitor of the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway with significant antifibrotic effects. DGM inhibits the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in alveolar epithelial cells and slows the progression of pulmonary fibrosis in vivo by reducing lung inflammation, improving lung function, and decreasing extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. DGM can be used in research on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and EMT-related diseases.

BI-4659 is a TGFβRI and PDGFRα inhibitor with IC₅₀ values of 19 nM and 99 nM, respectively. BI-4659 inhibits the kinase activities of TGFβRI and PDGFRα, blocks the downstream TGFβRI signaling pathway, and reduces the phosphorylation level of Smad2/3 without altering the expression of TGF-β1. BI-4659 is applicable to research related to pulmonary fibrosis, cancer, and renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Lerdelimumab (CAT-152) is an IgG4 human anti-TGF-β2 recombinant monoclonal antibody. Lerdelimumab can be used as an anti-scarring agent for glaucoma research.

3,7-DMF is an orally active inhibitor of TGF-β1-induced activation of HSCs. 3,7-DMF induces antioxidant genes and quenches ROS away, which can be used to study liver fibrosis.

P162-0948 is a selective CDK8 inhibitor with an IC₅₀ value of 50.4 nM. P162-0948 reduces cell migration and protein expression of EMT-related proteins in A549 human alveolar epithelial cell lines. P162-0948 reduces phosphorylation of Smad, which suggests disruption of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. P162-0948 is promising for research of pulmonary fibrosis.

ALK5-IN-34 is an selective orally active activin receptor-like kinase (ALK) inhibitor. ALK5-IN-34 can inhibit the activity of ALK5-IN-34 with an IC₅₀ value of ≤10 nM. ALK5-IN-34 also has inhibitory of tumor growth and can be used for the research of proliferative diseases, such as cancer.

TGFβRII-IN-3 (Compound 2r) is a selective inhibitor of the TGFβ type II receptor (TGFβ RII) (IC₅₀ = 4.1 μM). TGFβRII-IN-3 inhibits TGFβ signaling by promoting the proteolytic degradation of TGFβ RII. TGFβRII-IN-3 can block endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition and cell migration. TGFβRII-IN-3 can be used in cancer research.

CDD-2789 is a potent and selective ALK2 inhibitor with an IC₅₀ 0.54 μM and a K_d of 2.1 nM, respectively. CDD-2789 exhibits >120-fold selectivity over ALK3/5/6. CDD-2789 reduces activin A- and BMP2-induced SMAD1/5 phosphorylation in fibroblasts. CDD-2789 can be used for ALK2-related cancer research.

CBT-295 is an orally active autotaxin (ATX) inhibitor. CBT-295 exhibits a significant reduction in inflammatory cytokines like TGF-β, TNF-α and IL-6 levels, also reduced bile duct proliferation marker CK-19 and lowered liver fibrosis. The reversal of liver fibrosis with CBT-295 led to a reduction in blood and brain ammonia levels. CBT-295 also reduced neuroinflammation induced by ammonia. CBT-295 is promising for research of liver cirrhosis and associated encephalopathy.

CMF9, a cyclic peptide molecule, is an inhibitor of the SMAD2-SMAD4 interaction. CMF9 effectively blocks the formation of the heterodimeric complex of SMAD2 and SMAD4 by inhibiting the phosphorylation of SMAD2. CMF9 has no effect on the phosphorylation of SMAD3 or SMAD1/5/8. CMF9 downregulates the expression of fibrotic markers α-SMA and COL1A1. CMF9 exhibits potent anti-fibrotic effects in mouse models by promoting the degradation of pathological extracellular matrix (ECM) and inhibiting inflammation. CMF9 can be used for the study of liver fibrosis.

(Rac)-Hesperetin-¹³C,d₃ is the ¹³C- and deuterium labeled (Rac)-Hesperetin. (Rac)-Hesperetin is the racemate of Hesperetin (HY-N0168), an orally active multi-target inhibitor. (Rac)-Hesperetin exhibits significant anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities by blocking the TGF-β1-mediated Fyn/RhoA signaling axis and the TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB inflammatory pathway. (Rac)-Hesperetin inhibits the formation of actin stress fibers and the migration and invasion of cancer cells, and is suitable for triple-negative breast cancer research. In inflammation models, (Rac)-Hesperetin effectively alleviates lung injury by reducing the release of pro-inflammatory mediators and regulating the activity of oxidative stress enzymes, and is suitable for acute lung injury research. (Rac)-Hesperetin also interferes with the entry and early replication processes of channel catfish virus, inhibits viral gene expression and progeny virus production, thereby protecting cells from virus-induced cytopathic effects.

Cirevetmab (ZTS-00521426) is an immunoglobulin G2-kappa, Canis lupus familiaris TGFB1 caninized monoclonal antibody. Cirevetmab is an immunomodulator.

Demethylzeylasteral (Standard) is the analytical standard of Demethylzeylasteral. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Demethylzeylasteral is an orally active triterpenoid compound isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii, which has functions such as anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti fertility, estrogen metabolism regulation, immune suppression, and immune system regulation .

Relaxin H3 (human) TFA is a relaxin peptide with anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-pyroptotic, anti-migratory, protective and anti-fibrotic activities. Relaxin H3 (human) TFA acts on RXFP1 to generate cAMP and reduce the levels of ATP and ROS. Relaxin H3 (human) TFA inhibits renal inflammatory pyroptosis (pyroptosis), NLRP3 inflammasome activation, caspase-1 activation, IL-1β/IL-18 secretion, collagen synthesis, TGF-β1 signaling pathway, Smad2 phosphorylation, myofibroblast differentiation, TIMP expression, and HRMEC migration. Relaxin H3 (human) TFA activates AMPK, upregulates MFN2 expression, improves mitochondrial quality control and membrane potential, inhibits apoptosis (apoptosis) and pyroptosis, restores retinal ultrastructure, and reverses excessive left ventricular collagen expression. Relaxin H3 (human) TFA can be used in studies related to kidney stones, nephrocalcinosis, diabetic cardiomyopathy, fibrotic cardiomyopathy, and diabetic retinopathy.