Cat. No.: HY-N2909

Aurantiamide

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Aurantiamide is a non-covalent, orally active, blood-brain-permeable GRPR selective antagonist with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. Aurantiamide reduces inflammation and oxidative stress in renal tissue by inhibiting GRPR-mediated renal necrosis pathways (such as RIPK3/MLKL signaling) and NF-κB inflammatory pathways, exerting anti-acute kidney injury and endothelial function activities. Aurantiamide also inhibits the M1 polarization of microglia and inhibits NLRP3 activation, thereby improving AD mouse models. Aurantiamide has in vivo inhibitory efficacy in acute kidney injury models such as ischemia/reperfusion, sepsis, and hypertension models.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity: 99.56%
CAS No.: 58115-31-4
Formula: C₂₅H₂₆N₂O₃
Molecular Weight:402.49

Storage:

-20°C, protect from light

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)

Aurantiamide Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 58115-31-4

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Fluorescent Dye

Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Biological Activity
- Description
- IC₅₀ & Target
- Cellular Effect
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Chemical Information
Solvent & Solubility
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Purity & Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
Classifications
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

IC₅₀ & Target

NF-κB

RIPK3

All NF-κB Isoforms :

All RIP kinase Isoforms :

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
N9	IC₅₀	14.91 μM Compound: 23	Antineuroinflammatory activity in mouse N9 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production after 24 hrs by Griess assay Antineuroinflammatory activity in mouse N9 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production after 24 hrs by Griess assay	[PMID: 28073678]

In Vitro

Aurantiamide (25, 50, 100 μM; 12 h) significantly reduces the protein and mRNA expression of the renal injury marker KIM1 in the human renal proximal tubular epithelial cell (HK-2) hypoxia/reoxygenation and LPS (1 mg/mL) stimulation model, inhibits the phosphorylation of proteins related to the RIPK3/MLKL necrosis pathway and NF-κB inflammatory pathway, and alleviates cell damage and inflammatory response^[1].
Aurantiamide (10, 20 μM; 24 h) inhibits LPS and IFN-γ-induced BV2 activation and M1 polarization in mouse BV2 cells, inhibited the activation of NLRP3, and thus exerted anti-CNS inflammatory activity^[2].
Aurantiamide promotes M2 polarization of microglia and improves cognitive ability of Alzheimer's disease mice^[3].
Aurantiamide (3 μM; 18 h) significantly upregulates the mRNA and protein expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), promotes the production of nitric oxide (NO), and has no significant toxic effect on cell viability^[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Western Blot Analysis^[1]

Cell Line:

Human proximal tubule epithelial cells (HK-2) [LPS-induced model]
Concentration:

25 μM, 50 μM, 100 μM
Incubation Time:

24 h
Result:

WB (Western blot) : Reduced protein expression of renal injury marker KIM1, phosphorylated RIPK3 (p-RIPK3), phosphorylated MLKL (p-MLKL), and phosphorylated P65 (p-P65) in a dose-dependent manner, compared to H/R or LPS-stimulated controls.
qPCR : Downregulated mRNA levels of KIM1, MCP-1, and IL-6, with significant inhibition at 50 μM and 100 μM.
IF (Immunofluorescence) : Decreased immunofluorescent intensity of p-MLKL and KIM1 in cytoplasm, indicating reduced necroptosis and tubular injury.

Western Blot Analysis^[4]

Cell Line:

Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC)
Concentration:

3 μM
Incubation Time:

18 h
Result:

No significant cytotoxicity observed, with cell viability maintaining over 90% compared to control.
WB (Western blot) : Upregulated eNOS protein expression by 1.8-fold compared to control, with enhanced NO production detected by nitrite/nitrate assay.
\qPCR : Increased eNOS mRNA expression by 2.3-fold, confirming transcriptional activation of eNOS.

In Vivo

Aurantiamide (2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg; oral gavage; 3 times, 24 hours apart) improves cognitive impairment in C57BL/6 mice after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in a dose-dependent manner, and inhibits microglial polarization and NLRP3 activation^[2].
Aurantiamide (0.5 mg/kg; intraperitoneal injection; once a day, 5 days a week; 4 weeks) significantly reduces mean arterial blood pressure, improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation, upregulates aortic endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) protein expression and promotes nitric oxide (NO) production in the two-kidney-one-clip (2K-1C) renovascular hypertension model in Sprague-Dawley rats^[4].
The metabolic characteristics of Aurantiamide (0.1 mg/kg; oral gavage; single dose) and Aurantiamide acetate (HY-N2905) (0.2 mg/kg; oral gavage; single dose) in rats shows that they have the characteristics of rapid diffusion, wide distribution, and can pass through the blood-brain barrier, with a peak time of 0.5 h. In addition, the decline rate of aurantiamide acetate is faster than that of aurantiamide^[5].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:

Male C57BL/6 mice (6-8 weeks old, 20-22 g) + cisplatin-induced, I/R, or CLP-induced acute kidney injury model^[1]
Dosage:

2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg (dissolved in 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose + 0.1% Tween 80)
Administration:

Oral gavage, three times before the surgery, with a 24 h interval between each administration
Result:

Renal function : Reduced serum creatinine and BUN levels by 30-45% compared to model controls, with the 10 mg/kg dose showing the most pronounced effect.
Histopathology : PAS staining revealed decreased tubular dilation, glycogen deposition, and interstitial fibrosis; immunofluorescence showed reduced KIM1 (renal injury marker) and F4/80⁺ macrophage infiltration in renal tissues.
Protein expression : Western blot demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition of p-RIPK3, p-MLKL, and p-P65 (NF-κB) in renal lysates, with corresponding reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α) by qPCR.

Animal Model:

Male Sprague-Dawley rats (8 weeks old, 230-250 g) + two-kidney one-clip (2K-1C) renovascular hypertension model^[4]
Dosage:

0.5 mg/kg (dissolved in DMSO, final concentration 0.1%)
Administration:

Intraperitoneal injection, once daily for 5 days/week, total 4 weeks
Result:

Blood pressure : Reduced mean arterial pressure (MAP) by 20-25% compared to hypertensive controls, with significant improvement in endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine (ACh) and reduced constriction to phenylephrine (Phe).
Vascular function : Organ bath assays showed enhanced ACh-induced vasodilation and attenuated Phe-induced vasoconstriction in aortic rings, correlated with increased eNOS protein expression (1.5-fold by Western blot) and NO production (measured as nitrite/nitrate levels).
Red blood cell deformability : Ektacytometry revealed increased erythrocyte deformability (Elmax) in treated rats, indicating improved blood fluidity and microvascular flow.

Chemical Information

CAS No. 58115-31-4
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 402.49
Formula C₂₅H₂₆N₂O₃
Color White to off-white
SMILES

O=C(N[C@H](CO)CC1=CC=CC=C1)[C@@H](NC(C2=CC=CC=C2)=O)CC3=CC=CC=C3
Structure Classification
- Alkaloids
- Other Alkaloids
Initial Source
- Plants
- Umbelliferae
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage

-20°C, protect from light

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : 50 mg/mL (124.23 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

2.4845 mL

12.4227 mL

24.8453 mL

5 mM

0.4969 mL

2.4845 mL

4.9691 mL

10 mM

0.2485 mL

1.2423 mL

2.4845 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

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Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Dilution Calculator

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

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In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (3.11 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (12.5 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (3.11 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (12.5 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

%
DMSO +

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
%
+
+
%
Tween-80 + +
%
Saline +

The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (283 KB)
SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Korean - KR (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. He RB, et al. Aurantiamide mitigates acute kidney injury by suppressing renal necroptosis and inflammation via GRPR-dependent mechanism. [Content Brief]

[2]. Shen H, et al. Aurantiamide suppresses the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome to improve the cognitive function and central inflammation in mice with Alzheimer's disease. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2023 Apr;29(4):1075-1085. [Content Brief]

[3]. Shen H, et al. Aurantiamide promotes M2 polarization of microglial cells to improve the cognitive ability of mice with Alzheimer's disease. Phytother Res. 2023 Jan;37(1):101-110. [Content Brief]

[4]. Aslan M, et al. Effects of aurantiamide on a rat model of renovascular arterial hypertension. Pflugers Arch. 2023 Oct;475(10):1177-1192. [Content Brief]

[5]. Lijiang Chen, et al. Pharmacokinetics and Biodistribution of Aurantiamide and Aurantiamide Acetate in Rats After Oral Administration of Portulaca Oleracea L. Extracts. J Agric Food Chem. 2016 May 4;64(17):3445-55. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
DMSO	1 mM	2.4845 mL	12.4227 mL	24.8453 mL	62.1133 mL
	5 mM	0.4969 mL	2.4845 mL	4.9691 mL	12.4227 mL
	10 mM	0.2485 mL	1.2423 mL	2.4845 mL	6.2113 mL
	15 mM	0.1656 mL	0.8282 mL	1.6564 mL	4.1409 mL
	20 mM	0.1242 mL	0.6211 mL	1.2423 mL	3.1057 mL
	25 mM	0.0994 mL	0.4969 mL	0.9938 mL	2.4845 mL
	30 mM	0.0828 mL	0.4141 mL	0.8282 mL	2.0704 mL
	40 mM	0.0621 mL	0.3106 mL	0.6211 mL	1.5528 mL
	50 mM	0.0497 mL	0.2485 mL	0.4969 mL	1.2423 mL
	60 mM	0.0414 mL	0.2070 mL	0.4141 mL	1.0352 mL
	80 mM	0.0311 mL	0.1553 mL	0.3106 mL	0.7764 mL
	100 mM	0.0248 mL	0.1242 mL	0.2485 mL	0.6211 mL

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Aurantiamide

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All NF-κB Isoforms

All RIP kinase Isoforms

Biological Activity

Chemical Information

Solvent & Solubility

Purity & Documentation

References

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Aurantiamide Related Classifications

HY-N2909 Related Classifications