Chlorogenic acid
Based on 32 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Chlorogenic acid is a major phenolic compound in Lonicera japonica Thunb. It is an orally active antioxidant activity, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, neuroprotective, anti-obesity, antiviral, anti-microbial, anti-hypertension compound.
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- Reinheit: 99.53%
- CAS. Nr.: 327-97-9
- Formel: C16H18O9
- Molecular Weight:354.31
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Speicherung:Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 1 year , -20°C, 6 months
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Chlorogenic acid
More- Nat Commun. 2025 Oct 24;16(1):9420. [Abstract]
- J Hazard Mater. 2026 Mar 15:506:141417. [Abstract]
- J Hazard Mater. 2024 Dec 27:486:136985. [Abstract]
- Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2025 Nov 12. [Abstract]
- Food Chem. 2017 Aug 1:228:143-151. [Abstract]
- Int J Biol Macromol. 2019 Sep 1:136:804-812. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep Phys Sci. 2024 Sep 18.
- Antioxidants (Basel). 2026 May 29;15(6):688. [Abstract]
- Phytother Res. 2022 Mar;36(3):1386-1401. [Abstract]
- J Agric Food Chem. 2020 Jul 29;68(30):8050-8056. [Abstract]
- Life Sci. 2020 Aug 1;254:117590. [Abstract]
- J Nutr Biochem. 2025 Dec 6:150:110211. [Abstract]
- Pharm Biol. 2022 Dec;60(1):1646-1655. [Abstract]
- Eur J Pharmacol. 2025 Mar 15:991:177311. [Abstract]
- Molecules. 2024 Feb 7;29(4):760. [Abstract]
- Aquat Toxicol. 2022 Jan:242:106039. [Abstract]
- Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021 Jun 11:9:684393. [Abstract]
- J Cell Mol Med. 2025 Nov;29(21):e70944. [Abstract]
- J Inflamm Res. 2021 Dec 7;14:6601-6618. [Abstract]
- Pestic Biochem Physiol. 2025 Dec:215:106655. [Abstract]
- Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2025 Aug 6:166:110633. [Abstract]
- Sci Rep. 2023 Oct 18;13(1):17803. [Abstract]
- Aquac Rep. 2026 Mar 25.
- Neurotox Res. 2026 Mar 19;44(2):12. [Abstract]
- J Leukoc Biol. 2022 Jul;112(1):9-21. [Abstract]
- Vet Microbiol. 2026 May:316:110992. [Abstract]
- Cell Biochem Biophys. 2025 Feb 18. [Abstract]
- Plant Pathol. 2025 Dec 30.
- Cancer Biother Radiopharm. 2026 Mar 19:10849785261424783. [Abstract]
- Int J Med Microbiol. 2023 Mar;313(2):151576. [Abstract]
- SSRN. 2026 May 4.
- Research Square Preprint. 2023 Dec 23.
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WB
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Bio/Physico-chemical Assay
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Gel Electrophoresis
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Gel Electrophoresis
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Histological Imaging/Staining
Alle Endogenous Metabolite Isoform-spezifische Produkte anzeigen
More
Biologische Aktivität
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Cell Line
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Type | Value | Description | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BALB/3T3 | IC50 |
>280 μM
Compound: 14
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Growth inhibition of BALB/c mouse cloned 3T3/A31 cells after 72 hrs by nigrosin assay
Growth inhibition of BALB/c mouse cloned 3T3/A31 cells after 72 hrs by nigrosin assay
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[PMID: 10096863] |
| BMDC | IC50 |
>50 μM
Compound: 4
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Inhibition of LPS-induced IL-12 p40 production in wild-type C57BL/6 mouse BMDC pretreated with compound for 1 hr before LPS treatment measured 16 hrs by ELISA
Inhibition of LPS-induced IL-12 p40 production in wild-type C57BL/6 mouse BMDC pretreated with compound for 1 hr before LPS treatment measured 16 hrs by ELISA
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[PMID: 25769817] |
| BMDC | IC50 |
>50 μM
Compound: 4
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Inhibition of LPS-induced IL-6 production in wild-type C57BL/6 mouse BMDC pretreated with compound for 1 hr before LPS treatment measured 16 hrs by ELISA
Inhibition of LPS-induced IL-6 production in wild-type C57BL/6 mouse BMDC pretreated with compound for 1 hr before LPS treatment measured 16 hrs by ELISA
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[PMID: 25769817] |
| BMDC | IC50 |
>50 μM
Compound: 4
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Inhibition of LPS-induced TNF-alpha production in wild-type C57BL/6 mouse BMDC pretreated with compound for 1 hr before LPS treatment measured 16 hrs by ELISA
Inhibition of LPS-induced TNF-alpha production in wild-type C57BL/6 mouse BMDC pretreated with compound for 1 hr before LPS treatment measured 16 hrs by ELISA
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[PMID: 25769817] |
| BMDM | IC50 |
86 μM
Compound: Chlorogenic acid
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Inhibition of M-CSF/RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation in C57BL/6 mouse bone marrow macrophage assessed as reduction in multinucleated TRAP+ cells incubated for 6 days with fresh media replacement on day 3 and measured on day 6 by TRAP staining-base
Inhibition of M-CSF/RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation in C57BL/6 mouse bone marrow macrophage assessed as reduction in multinucleated TRAP+ cells incubated for 6 days with fresh media replacement on day 3 and measured on day 6 by TRAP staining-base
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[PMID: 31257875] |
| HCT-116 | IC50 |
367 μM
Compound: chlorogenic acid
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Cytotoxicity against human HCT116 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against human HCT116 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
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[PMID: 12880319] |
| HeLa | IC50 |
>200 μM
Compound: Chlorogenic acid
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Inhibition of HDAC in human HeLa cells using Boc-Lys(AC)-AMC as substrate after 24 to 48 hrs by spectrofluorometry
Inhibition of HDAC in human HeLa cells using Boc-Lys(AC)-AMC as substrate after 24 to 48 hrs by spectrofluorometry
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[PMID: 26996372] |
| HeLa | IC50 |
375 μM
Compound: 26
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Inhibition of HDAC in human Hela cells nuclear extracts by fluorimetric assay
Inhibition of HDAC in human Hela cells nuclear extracts by fluorimetric assay
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[PMID: 19520580] |
| MT2 | ED50 |
>497 μM
Compound: chlorogenic acid
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Concentration that inhibits Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1)-induced death of MT-2 cells
Concentration that inhibits Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1)-induced death of MT-2 cells
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[PMID: 9986720] |
| SW480 | IC50 |
353 μM
Compound: chlorogenic acid
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Cytotoxicity against human SW480 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against human SW480 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
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[PMID: 12880319] |
Chlorogenic acid (10 μM, 16 h) decreases HIF-1α protein levels in CoCl2 induced hypoxic A549 cells, but does not affect HIF-1α mRNA level[1].
Chlorogenic acid (10 μM, 24 h) inhibits the hypoxia-induced HUVEC cell migration, invasion and tube formation of vascular endothelial cells[1].
Chlorogenic acid (25, 50 μM, 24 h) inhibits cell proliferation of Huh7 cells, and reduces the number of invading and migrating cells[4].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Chlorogenic acid (10-100 mg/kg, p.o.) shows protective effects against experimental reflux esophagitis in rats[3].
Chlorogenic acid (10 mg/kg, i.v.) prevents endotoxic mortality and induced TNF-α release of LPS-intoxicated C57BL/6 mice, and ameliorates acute liver injury of LPS/GalN-challenged mice[2].
Chlorogenic acid (ip, 25-200 mg/kg) inhibits tumor growth in NOD/SCID mice inoculated with Huh7 or H446 cells[4].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:Experimental reflux esophagitis (RE) in rats[1]
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Dosage:10, 30, 100 mg/kg
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Administration:p.o.
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Result:Reduced esophageal lipid peroxidation (marker: MDA) and increased the reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio.
Inhibited the increases in the serum level of TNF-α, and expressions of iNOS and COX-2 protein.
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Animal Model:LPS/GalN-challenged mice[2]
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Dosage:10 mg/kg
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Administration:i.v.
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Result:Increased survival rates of LPS/GalN-intoxicated mice.
Inhibited LPS/GalN-induced phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 or c-Jun, without affecting p-IRF3 levels in the liver lobules.
| NCT Number | Sponsor | Condition | Start Date |
Phase
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT01329991 | Plexxikon| | 2011-05 | PHASE1 |
Chemical Information
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CAS. Nr. 327-97-9
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 354.31
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Formel C16H18O9
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Color Off-white to light brown
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SMILES
O=C([C@@]1(O)C[C@@H](OC(/C=C/C2=CC=C(O)C(O)=C2)=O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)C1)O
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Synonyms
3-O-Caffeoylquinic acid; Heriguard; NSC-407296
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Structure Classification
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Versand
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Speicherung
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 1 year -20°C 6 months
Publications (32)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Nat Commun
Structural basis for transport and inhibition of the human glucose-6-phosphate transporter G6PT. [Abstract]2025 Oct 24;16(1):9420. PMID: 41136424 -
J Hazard Mater
Ammonia-induced exosomal miRNA disrupts autophagy and promotes lung injury: Therapeutic potential of natural compounds. [Abstract]2026 Mar 15:506:141417. PMID: 41775203 -
J Hazard Mater
Characterization of metalaxyl-induced notochord toxicity based on biochemical and transcriptomics in zebrafish (Danio rerio) model. [Abstract]2024 Dec 27:486:136985. PMID: 39764961 -
Nat Struct Mol Biol
2025 Nov 12. PMID: 41225050 -
Food Chem
Comparison of binding interaction between β-lactoglobulin and three common polyphenols using multi-spectroscopy and modeling methods. [Abstract]2017 Aug 1:228:143-151. PMID: 28317707 -
Int J Biol Macromol
2019 Sep 1:136:804-812. PMID: 31228500 -
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Antioxidants (Basel)
Bioactive Extracts and Constituents from Taraxacum mongolicum: Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Enzyme-Inhibitory, and Molecular Docking Studies. [Abstract]2026 May 29;15(6):688. PMID: 42351994 -
Phytother Res
Chlorogenic acid improves diabetic retinopathy by alleviating blood-retinal-barrier dysfunction via inducing Nrf2 activation. [Abstract]2022 Mar;36(3):1386-1401. PMID: 35133045 -
J Agric Food Chem
Chemoproteomic Profiling of Cobalamin-Independent Methionine Synthases in Plants with a Covalent Probe. [Abstract]2020 Jul 29;68(30):8050-8056. PMID: 32618189
Chlorogenic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Agric Food Chem. 2020 Jul 29;68(30):8050-8056. [Abstract]
Dose-dependent inhibition of AtMS1 activity by Chlorogenic acid (10, 20, 50, 100, 200 μM).
Chlorogenic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Agric Food Chem. 2020 Jul 29;68(30):8050-8056. [Abstract]
Gel-based competitive labeling of recombinant AtMS1 with various small molecules as competitors. Chlorogenic acid (100 μM) significantly reduce probe labeling.
Chlorogenic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Agric Food Chem. 2020 Jul 29;68(30):8050-8056. [Abstract]
Dose-dependent inhibition of G1-yne labeling of AtMS1 by Chlorogenic acid (10, 20, 50, 100, 200 μM)
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Life Sci
2020 Aug 1;254:117590. PMID: 32220624
Chlorogenic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Life Sci. 2020 Aug 1;254:117590. [Abstract]
Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained micrographs of histological features of rat bladder sections. There was a significant amelioration of injury and inflammation in the IC + CGA group after Chlorogenic acid (CGA) (100 mg/kg; i.p.) treatment.
Chlorogenic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Life Sci. 2020 Aug 1;254:117590. [Abstract]
IHC assays were used to detect the expression of the inflammatory markers IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and NF-κB in bladder tissues was decreased after Chlorogenic acid (CGA) (100 mg/kg; i.p.) treatment.
Chlorogenic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Life Sci. 2020 Aug 1;254:117590. [Abstract]
Western blot results show the expression levels of IL6, IL-1β, and TNF-α was decreased after Chlorogenic acid (CGA) (100 mg/kg; i.p.) treatment.
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J Nutr Biochem
Food-derived chlorogenic acid prevents aortic aneurysm and dissection by nutritional restore branched-chain amino acid dyshomeostasis. [Abstract]2025 Dec 6:150:110211. PMID: 41360205 -
Pharm Biol
Chlorogenic acid promotes angiogenesis and attenuates apoptosis following cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury by regulating the PI3K-Akt signalling. [Abstract]2022 Dec;60(1):1646-1655. PMID: 35981220 -
Eur J Pharmacol
Exploring the effect of chlorogenic acid on oxidative stress and autophagy in dry eye mice via the AMPK/ULK1 pathway. [Abstract]2025 Mar 15:991:177311. PMID: 39892448 -
Molecules
Chlorogenic Acid Attenuates Isoproterenol Hydrochloride-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy in AC16 Cells by Inhibiting the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. [Abstract]2024 Feb 7;29(4):760. PMID: 38398512 -
Aquat Toxicol
Chlorogenic acid alleviates thioacetamide-induced toxicity and promotes liver development in zebrafish (Danio rerio) through the Wnt signaling pathway. [Abstract]2022 Jan:242:106039. PMID: 34856462 -
Front Cell Dev Biol
Licarin-B Exhibits Activity Against the Toxoplasma gondii RH Strain by Damaging Mitochondria and Activating Autophagy. [Abstract]2021 Jun 11:9:684393. PMID: 34179016 -
J Cell Mol Med
Jinbei Decoction Attenuates LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury via Suppression of TRAF6-Dependent Inflammatory Response in Macrophage. [Abstract]2025 Nov;29(21):e70944. PMID: 41230791 -
J Inflamm Res
Chinese Herbal Medicine Suyin Detoxification Granule Inhibits Pyroptosis and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition by Downregulating MAVS/NLRP3 to Alleviate Renal Injury. [Abstract]2021 Dec 7;14:6601-6618. PMID: 34908861 -
Pestic Biochem Physiol
Mechanistic insights into chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid as novel juvenile hormone antagonists. [Abstract]2025 Dec:215:106655. PMID: 41162045 -
Fish Shellfish Immunol
Emodin enhances host antiviral immunity against Micropterus salmoides rhabdovirus by activating RLR signaling in largemouth bass. [Abstract]2025 Aug 6:166:110633. PMID: 40769268 -
Sci Rep
Chlorogenic acid protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice by inhibiting Lnc Neat1/NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis. [Abstract]2023 Oct 18;13(1):17803. PMID: 37853132 -
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Neurotox Res
Tubuloside B Alleviates Aβ25-35 Induced PC12 Cell Injury by Attenuating Pyroptosis, Apoptosis and Excessive Autophagy. [Abstract]2026 Mar 19;44(2):12. PMID: 41854817 -
J Leukoc Biol
Mechanism of chlorogenic acid in alveolar macrophage polarization in Klebsiella pneumoniae-induced pneumonia. [Abstract]2022 Jul;112(1):9-21. PMID: 34585429 -
Vet Microbiol
The Chinese medicine monomer Schisandrin C inhibits PRRSV infection by regulating the OGT-PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. [Abstract]2026 May:316:110992. PMID: 41865607 -
Cell Biochem Biophys
Suyin Detoxification Prescription Regulates the Klotho and ERK/NF-κB Signaling Pathways to Alleviate Renal Injury. [Abstract]2025 Feb 18. PMID: 39966333 -
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Cancer Biother Radiopharm
Ultrasound-Responsive Folate-Chlorogenic Acid Nanocarrier Targeting Mixed Lineage Kinase 1 for Enhanced Wilms Tumor Therapy. [Abstract]2026 Mar 19:10849785261424783. PMID: 41852338 -
Int J Med Microbiol
Anti-inflammatory effect of chlorogenic acid in Klebsiella pneumoniae-induced pneumonia by inactivating the p38MAPK pathway. [Abstract]2023 Mar;313(2):151576. PMID: 36812841
Chlorogenic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Int J Med Microbiol. 2023 Mar;313(2):151576. [Abstract]
Chlorogenic acid (CGA; 50 μg/mL; 1 h) inhibits the Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp)-induced increase in p38 expression levels as well as increases in p-p38/p-38 and p-MK2/MK2 levels, in RLE6TN cells.
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Lösungsmittel & Löslichkeit
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (282.24 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
H2O : 20 mg/mL (56.45 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Konzentration (Stammlösung) × Volumen (Stammlösung) = Konzentration (Ziellösung) × Volumen (Ziellösung)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.06 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.06 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
Reinheit & Dokumentation
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Data Sheet (279 KB)
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SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
Verweise
[1]. Park JJ, et al. Chlorogenic acid inhibits hypoxia-induced angiogenesis via down-regulation of the HIF-1α/AKT pathway. Cell Oncol (Dordr). 2015 Jan 6. [Content Brief]
[2]. Park SH, et al. IRAK4 as a Molecular Target in the Amelioration of Innate Immunity-Related Endotoxic Shock and Acute Liver Injury by Chlorogenic Acid. J Immunol. 2015 Feb 1;194(3):1122-30. [Content Brief]
[3]. Kang JW, et al. Protective Effects of Chlorogenic Acid against Experimental Reflux Esophagitis in Rats. Biomol Ther (Seoul). 2014 Sep;22(5):420-5. [Content Brief]
[4]. Huang S, et al. Chlorogenic acid effectively treats cancers through induction of cancer cell differentiation. Theranostics. 2019 Sep 19;9(23):6745-6763. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H2O / DMSO | 1 mM | 2.8224 mL | 14.1119 mL | 28.2239 mL | 70.5597 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.5645 mL | 2.8224 mL | 5.6448 mL | 14.1119 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2822 mL | 1.4112 mL | 2.8224 mL | 7.0560 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.1882 mL | 0.9408 mL | 1.8816 mL | 4.7040 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.1411 mL | 0.7056 mL | 1.4112 mL | 3.5280 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.1129 mL | 0.5645 mL | 1.1290 mL | 2.8224 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.0941 mL | 0.4704 mL | 0.9408 mL | 2.3520 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0706 mL | 0.3528 mL | 0.7056 mL | 1.7640 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0564 mL | 0.2822 mL | 0.5645 mL | 1.4112 mL | |
| DMSO | 60 mM | 0.0470 mL | 0.2352 mL | 0.4704 mL | 1.1760 mL |
| 80 mM | 0.0353 mL | 0.1764 mL | 0.3528 mL | 0.8820 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0282 mL | 0.1411 mL | 0.2822 mL | 0.7056 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
- Chlorogenic acid
- 327-97-9
- 3-O-Caffeoylquinic acid
- Heriguard
- NSC-407296
- NSC407296
- NSC 407296
- NSC-407296
- HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase
- Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
- Bacterial
- Influenza Virus
- Endogenous Metabolite
- antioxidant activity
- antibacterial
- hepatoprotective
- cardioprotective
- anti-inflammatory
- antipyretic
- neuroprotective
- anti-obesity
- antiviral
- anti-microbial
- anti-hypertension
- Inhibitor
- inhibitor
- inhibit