Flavanomarein
Based on 1 Customer Validation
Flavanomarein is a substance with cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, with a Ka of 3.064e-5 M against human Syk. Flavanomarein enhances the phosphorylation level of AKT, regulates the expression of PKC-δ, P85α, PKC-β1, Sirt1, Bcl-2 and ICAD, and inhibits the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65. Flavanomarein regulates EMT marker proteins, promotes the proliferation of HK-2 cells, and protects neuronal cells from 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxic damage. Flavanomarein can be used in studies related to Parkinson's disease and diabetic nephropathy.
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- Pureté : 99.92%
- CAS No.: 577-38-8
- Formule: C21H22O11
- Masse moléculaire:450.39
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Stockage:
4°C, protect from light
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)
To place orders, for customer services and technical support, please contact: MedChemExpress USA
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Activité biologique
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Chemical Information
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Solvant et solubilité
- Protocole
- Pureté et documentation
- Références
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Help & FAQs
Activité biologique
Description
In Vitro
Flavanomarein (1.25-100 μM; 24 h preincubation followed by 24 h 6-OHDA treatment) protects PC12 cells from 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity by upregulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, attenuating the NF-κB signaling pathway, preserving mitochondrial function, and inhibiting apoptosis, with significant effects observed at concentrations of 1.25, 25, 50, and 100 μM after 24 h preincubation[1].
Flavanomarein (1.25-100 μM; 24 h preincubation followed by 6 h 6-OHDA treatment) protects primary rat cortical neurons from 6-OHDA-induced apoptosis and cytotoxicity, with significant effects observed at concentrations of 1.25, 25, 50, and 100 μM after 24 h preincubation followed by 6 h 6-OHDA treatment[1].
Flavanomarein (200-400 μM; 24 h; 100-400 μM; 48 h) significantly promotes the proliferation of normal glucose-cultured HK-2 cells[2].
Flavanomarein (1-200 μM; 48 h) dose-dependently increases the viability of HG-stimulated HK-2 cells, reversing HG-induced cell viability reduction[2].
Flavanomarein (100 μM; 48 h) inhibits HG-induced EMT morphological changes in HK-2 cells[2].
Flavanomarein (1-80 μM; 48 h) dose-dependently enhances E-cadherin expression and reduces α-SMA, Vimentin, and FN expression in HG-stimulated HK-2 cells, exerting an anti-EMT effect[2].
Flavanomarein directly binds to Syk with high affinity, as indicated by a CDOCKER interaction energy of -75.1069 kcal/mol and specific hydrogen bonding with key Syk residues[2].
Flavanomarein (6.25-200 μM; real-time binding detection) directly binds to Syk in a concentration-dependent manner with an equilibrium dissociation constant of 3.064 × 10-5 M, confirming Syk as a direct target[2].
Flavanomarein (80 μM; 48 h) enhances E-cadherin expression and reduces α-SMA, Vimentin, and FN expression in HG-stimulated HK-2 cells, with synergistic effects when combined with a Syk inhibitor[2].
Flavanomarein (80 μM; 48 h) inhibits activation of the Syk/TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway in HG-stimulated HK-2 cells, reducing levels of p-Syk, p-Smad2, TGF-β1, and Smad4[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only. Further protocols information, click here.
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Cell Line:human proximal tubular epithelial HK-2 cells (normal glucose conditions)
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Concentration:200-400 μM (24 h); 100-400 μM (48 h)
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Incubation Time:24 h (200-400 μM); 48 h (100-400 μM)
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Result:Significantly enhanced HK-2 cell viability relative to control, indicating induction of cell proliferation.
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Cell Line:high glucose (HG)-stimulated human proximal tubular epithelial HK-2 cells
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Concentration:1-200 μM
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Incubation Time:48 h
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Result:Induced a dose-dependent increase in cell viability relative to both control and HG-only groups; reversed the decrease where HG-treated cells showed ~80% viability of control.
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Cell Line:high glucose (HG)-stimulated human proximal tubular epithelial HK-2 cells
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Concentration:1-80 μM
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Incubation Time:48 h
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Result:Induced a concentration-dependent increase in E-cadherin protein levels relative to the HG-only group; caused a dose-dependent decrease in α-SMA, Vimentin, and FN protein levels relative to the HG-only group.
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Cell Line:high glucose (HG)-stimulated human proximal tubular epithelial HK-2 cells (co-treatment with Syk inhibitor)
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Concentration:80 μM
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Incubation Time:48 h
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Result:Markedly increased E-cadherin protein levels and significantly decreased α-SMA, Vimentin, and FN protein levels relative to the HG-only group; co-treatment with a Syk inhibitor resulted in the highest E-cadherin increase.
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Cell Line:high glucose (HG)-stimulated human proximal tubular epithelial HK-2 cells
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Concentration:80 μM
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Incubation Time:48 h
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Result:Significantly decreased the relative expression of p-Syk/Syk, p-Smad2/Smad2, TGF-β1, and Smad4 protein levels relative to the HG-only group.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 577-38-8
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Appearance Solid
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Masse moléculaire 450.39
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Formule C21H22O11
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
O=C1C[C@@H](C2=CC=C(O)C(O)=C2)OC3=C(O)C(O[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O4)O)O)O)=CC=C13
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Structure Classification
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Livraison
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Stockage
4°C, protect from light
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)
Solvant et solubilité
In Vitro:
DMSO : 33.33 mg/mL (74.00 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
In Vivo:
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.55 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.55 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL. * In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Protocole
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Kinase activity and phosphorylation assays
Kinase activity assays measure the ability of kinases to transfer phosphate groups from ATP to specific substrates, while phosphorylation assays detect the presence and levels of phosphorylated proteins. Common methods include radiolabeled ATP incorporation (e. g. ,), ADP release detection via bioluminescence (e. g. ,[3]), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for phospho-specific epitopes (e. g. ,[6]), and microtiter-based formats for high-throughput screening (e. g. ,[8]). The ADP-Glo assay quantifies kinase activity by measuring ADP produced during phosphorylation using a luciferase-based system. Radiometric assays involve autoradiography or scintillation counting after incorporation of 32P-labeled ATP into substrate proteins. ELISA-based approaches rely on phospho-specific antibodies to detect activated kinases in cell lysates or purified samples.
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Western Blot
Western blotting (WB) is a commonly used experimental method in molecular biology, biochemistry, and immunogenetics for identifying and quantifying target proteins. It combines gel electrophoresis with immunoassay, enabling researchers to analyze protein expression, post-translational modifications, and molecular weight.
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RNA extraction experimental
By lysing cells, releasing RNA, and removing impurities such as proteins and DNA, high-purity RNA products are finally obtained. The commonly used traditional method is the guanidine isothiocyanate/phenol/chloroform method (Trizol), which is suitable for a variety of animal materials including animal tissues, microorganisms, cultured cells, etc., and most plant materials.
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Cytoplasmic-Nuclear Fractionated Protein Extraction
Cytoplasmic-nuclear fractionated protein extraction separates soluble cytoplasmic proteins from nuclear-enriched proteins by mild plasma-membrane permeabilization, differential centrifugation, washing of nuclei, and extraction of nuclear proteins for downstream immunoblotting or related molecular analysis. The readout is the relative abundance of a protein in cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions, commonly assessed by western blotting together with compartment markers such as tubulin or pyruvate kinase for cytoplasm and lamin, nucleoporin, hnRNP, H2AX, or Lamin B for nuclear fractions.
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Neurotoxicity Study
This protocol assesses in vitro neurotoxicity by combining neuronal viability, mitochondrial/metabolic activity, neurite outgrowth, and optional neuronal network function readouts. Calcein-AM or resazurin/PrestoBlue readouts estimate viable or metabolically active cells; βIII-tubulin immunofluorescence detects neuronal morphology and neurite networks; TMRE detects mitochondrial membrane potential; and MEA recordings detect functional changes in neuronal network activity.
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Human pluripotent stem cell midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
Human pluripotent stem cells are directed toward midbrain dopaminergic neurons by first inducing a neural floor-plate-like progenitor state, then patterning cells with ventralizing SHH signaling and midbrain/WNT-FGF cues, and finally maturing progenitors into neurons expressing dopaminergic markers such as TH, NURR1/NR4A2, PITX3, DAT/SLC6A3, VMAT2/SLC18A2, GIRK2/KCNJ6, FOXA2, LMX1A, and EN1. The main readouts are loss of pluripotency, acquisition of FOXA2+/LMX1A+ midbrain floor-plate progenitors, emergence of βIII-tubulin+/MAP2+ neurons, and production of TH+ dopaminergic neurons with molecular, dopamine-release, and electrophysiological features of midbrain dopaminergic identity.
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Research Protocol for Inflammation-related Diseases
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a cytosolic innate immune signaling platform that integrates priming signals and danger-signal activation to promote caspase-1 activation, maturation of IL-1β and IL-18, and gasdermin D-mediated pyroptotic cell death. The core experimental logic is to determine whether inflammatory disease phenotypes are driven by increased NLRP3 expression, ASC-containing inflammasome assembly, caspase-1 cleavage, GSDMD cleavage, and extracellular release of IL-1β/IL-18 rather than by nonspecific cell injury alone. The pathway is strongly linked to inflammation-related disease phenotypes because monosodium urate crystals activate NALP3/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in gout-like crystal inflammation, cholesterol crystals activate NLRP3 inflammasomes in atherogenesis models, and DSS-induced intestinal inflammation has been reported to involve NLRP3 inflammasome activity. However, experimental colitis studies also show context-dependent protective effects of NLRP3 inflammasome co
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Protocol for Kinase activity and phosphorylation assays
Kinase activity assays measure transfer of phosphate from ATP to a protein or peptide substrate, generating phosphorylated substrate, ADP, or incorporated radiolabeled phosphate as the readout; phosphorylation assays measure site-specific phosphorylation in cells or tissues as a proxy for kinase-pathway activation, inhibition, or substrate regulation. Phosphorylation can be detected by phospho-specific Western blot, immunoprecipitation kinase assay, phospho-immunofluorescence, phospho-flow cytometry, luminescent ADP detection, radiolabeled ATP incorporation, or reporter-based pathway assays, and these readouts can be applied to cancer cells, primary neurons, mouse tumors, organoids, inflammatory macrophages, ferroptosis studies, and mitophagy studies when the kinase target is biologically relevant.
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Cell Viability Determination by MTT Colorimetric Assay
The following protocol uses the MTT colorimetric assay as a classic literature-established method for assessing cell viability/metabolic activity in cultured mammalian cells. MTT[3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] is reduced by metabolically active cells to a colored formazan product; the amount of formazan is quantified spectrophotometrically and provides an indirect measure of metabolically active viable cells. Importantly, MTT reduction reflects cellular oxidoreductase/metabolic activity rather than an absolute direct count of living cells, so changes in cellular metabolism can alter the signal independently of cell number.
Pureté et documentation
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Fiche technique (279 KB)
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SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Korean - KR (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
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Instruction de manipulation (2659 KB)
Références
[1]. Le L, et al. The protective effects of the native flavanone flavanomarein on neuronal cells damaged by 6-OHDA. Phytomedicine. 2019;53:193-204. [Content Brief]
[2]. Zhang NN, et al. Flavanomarein inhibits high glucose-stimulated epithelial-mesenchymal transition in HK-2 cells via targeting spleen tyrosine kinase. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):439. Published 2020 Jan 16. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 1 mM | 2.2203 mL | 11.1015 mL | 22.2030 mL | 55.5074 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.4441 mL | 2.2203 mL | 4.4406 mL | 11.1015 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2220 mL | 1.1101 mL | 2.2203 mL | 5.5507 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.1480 mL | 0.7401 mL | 1.4802 mL | 3.7005 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.1110 mL | 0.5551 mL | 1.1101 mL | 2.7754 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.0888 mL | 0.4441 mL | 0.8881 mL | 2.2203 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.0740 mL | 0.3700 mL | 0.7401 mL | 1.8502 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0555 mL | 0.2775 mL | 0.5551 mL | 1.3877 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0444 mL | 0.2220 mL | 0.4441 mL | 1.1101 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0370 mL | 0.1850 mL | 0.3700 mL | 0.9251 mL |
Flavanomarein Related Classifications
HY-N7675 Related Classifications
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