Ethyl pyruvate
Based on 8 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Ethyl pyruvate is a simple derivative of the endogenous metabolite pyruvate. Ethyl pyruvate is an HMGB1 release inhibitor. Ethyl pyruvate can induce apoptosis by autophagy. Ethyl pyruvate has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-tumor activity. Ethyl pyruvate can be used in the study of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 98.0%
- CAS No.: 617-35-6
- Formula: C5H8O3
- Molecular Weight:116.12
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Storage:Pure form -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month
To place orders, for customer services and technical support, please contact: MedChemExpress USA
Tel: 609-228-6898 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
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HY-N0184
Glycyrrhizic acid
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HY-13417
AICAR
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HY-100579
Ferrostatin-1
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HY-N0184A
Dipotassium glycyrrhizinate
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HY-17031
SBE-β-CD
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HY-Y1362R
Ethyl pyruvate (Standard)
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HY-N0494
Gentiopicroside
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HY-103259
Sodium metatungstate
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HY-17506A
Azithromycin hydrate
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HY-123058
Vps34-IN-4
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HY-17506AR
Azithromycin hydrate (Standard)
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Ethyl pyruvate
More- Cell Death Dis. 2019 Sep 26;10(10):724. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2026 Mar 30;45(4):117179. [Abstract]
- Life Sci. 2021 Mar 15:269:118987. [Abstract]
- Chem Biol Interact. 2026 Jul 1:434:112089. [Abstract]
- J Pharm Pharmacol. 2023 Apr 17;75(5):693-702. [Abstract]
- Brain Res. 2025 Nov 1:1866:149939. [Abstract]
- PeerJ. 2022 Aug 4:10:e13799. [Abstract]
- Research Square Preprint. 2021 Jul.
Customer Validation & Images
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In Vivo Efficacy Study
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WB
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Cell Proliferation/Viability Assay
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WB
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Flow Cytometry
Biological Activity
Ethyl pyruvate (10 mM, 1 h) has no toxic effect on N9 microglial cells in the range of 1-10 mM. The activation of microglia NLRP3 inflammasome is decreased by inhibiting the HMGB1/ NF-κB /miR-223 signaling pathway[2].
Ethyl pyruvate (10-40 mM, 6, 24 h) induces apoptosis in MC38 cells[3].
Ethyl pyruvate (5-15 mM, 2 h) has an IC50 value of 28.83 mM on mouse peritoneal macrophages. Endotoxemia and sepsis are prevented by inhibiting caspase-11-dependent pyroptosis [4].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Cell Line:N9 microglial
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Concentration:1-100 mM
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Incubation Time:1 h
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Result:Did not show cytotoxic effects in the range of 1–10 mM.
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Cell Line:N9 microglial
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Concentration:10 mM
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Incubation Time:1 h
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Result:Suppressed LPS (HY-D1056)- and ATP (HY-B2176)-induced IL-1β and IL-18 protein and mRNA levels. Reduced NLRP3, Caspase-1, and ASC Specks. Reduced NF-κB activation and HMGB1 expression level.
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Cell Line:MC38
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Concentration:10, 20, 40 mM
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Incubation Time:6, 24 h
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Result:Induced an increase in autophagy and apoptosis in a dose-and time-dependent manner.
Ethyl pyruvate (2 or 40 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection) has reduced lipid peroxidation and anti-inflammatory effects in a rat model of paraquat intoxication[5].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:Liver tumor model in mice[3]
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Dosage:80 mg/kg
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Administration:i.p., 30 min before tumor injection and daily up to 9 days and daily from 7 to 10 days after infusion of tumor cells.
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Result:Decreased innate immune cells (NK cells, monocytes) and T and B cell lymphocytic infiltrates. Inhibited the release of HMBG1.
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Animal Model:Paraquat-intoxicated rats[5]
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Dosage:2 or 40 mg/kg
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Administration:30 min before or 1 h after paraquat (50 mg/kg i.p.)
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Result:Decreased the MDA concentrations at 6 and 24 h. Decreased NO concentrations significantly at 6 h and GSH concentrations in the lung.
| NCT Number | Sponsor | Condition | Start Date |
Phase
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT01329991 | Plexxikon| | 2011-05 | PHASE1 |
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 617-35-6
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Appearance Liquid (Density: 1.045 g/cm3)
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Molecular Weight 116.12
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Formula C5H8O3
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Color Colorless to light yellow
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SMILES
CC(C(OCC)=O)=O
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Pure form -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Publications (8)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Cell Death Dis
Dedifferentiation process driven by radiotherapy-induced HMGB1/TLR2/YAP/HIF-1α signaling enhances pancreatic cancer stemness. [Abstract]2019 Sep 26;10(10):724. PMID: 31558702 -
Cell Rep
4-octyl itaconate inhibits cytokine-mediated inflammation via alkylation of TYK2 and JAK1. [Abstract]2026 Mar 30;45(4):117179. PMID: 41915469 -
Life Sci
MiR-129-5p shuttled by human synovial mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes relieves IL-1β induced osteoarthritis via targeting HMGB1. [Abstract]2021 Mar 15:269:118987. PMID: 33417958 -
Chem Biol Interact
Exogenous pyruvate restores mitochondrial bioenergetics by synergizing with the AMPK-mTOR-SIRT3 pathway to alleviate sepsis-associated acute kidney injury. [Abstract]2026 Jul 1:434:112089. PMID: 42031090 -
J Pharm Pharmacol
Piceatannol-3'-O-β-d-glucopyranoside alleviates nephropathy via regulation of High mobility group B-1 (HMGB1)/Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signalling pathway. [Abstract]2023 Apr 17;75(5):693-702. PMID: 36964741
Ethyl pyruvate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Pharm Pharmacol. 2023 Apr 17;75(5):693-702. [Abstract]
Cells were treated with or without PG (10 μmol/l) or Ethyl pyruvate (0.5 μmol/l) for 24 h. ADR (0.5 μmol/l) was added simultaneously to induced cell injury.
Ethyl pyruvate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Pharm Pharmacol. 2023 Apr 17;75(5):693-702. [Abstract]
Western blotting assay. Cells were treated with or without PG (10 μmol/L) or Ethyl pyruvate (0.5 μmol/L) for 24 hours. ADR (0.5 μmol/L) was added simultaneously to induce cell damage.
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Brain Res
Ethyl pyruvate shields the brain from oxidative damage: a Keap1-Nrf2-dependent mechanism in subarachnoid hemorrhage. [Abstract]2025 Nov 1:1866:149939. PMID: 40935310
Ethyl pyruvate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Brain Res. 2025 Nov 1:1866:149939. [Abstract]
The level of apoptosis in the ipsilateral basal cortex of rats in the sham-operated group, subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) group, and SAH+EP (Ethyl pyruvate: 100 mg/kg) group was assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining.
Ethyl pyruvate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Brain Res. 2025 Nov 1:1866:149939. [Abstract]
Western blot analysis was performed on the expression of Keap1, Nrf2, and HO-1 in the ipsilateral basal cortex of rats in the sham-operated group, SAH group, and SAH+EP (Ethyl pyruvate: 100 mg/kg) group. GAPDH was used as an internal control. Three rats were included in each group.
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PeerJ
2022 Aug 4:10:e13799. PMID: 35945940
Ethyl pyruvate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: PeerJ. 2022 Aug 4:10:e13799. [Abstract]
Effects of EP (Ethyl pyruvate: 50 mg/kg) and α-HMGB1 on CD62P expression in platelets of HS-9 h rats.
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Solvent & Solubility
H2O : 100 mg/mL (861.18 mM; Need ultrasonic)
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (861.18 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (278 KB)
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SDS (628 KB)
- English - EN (628 KB)
- Français - FR (628 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (628 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (628 KB)
- Español - ES (628 KB)
- Swedish - SV (628 KB)
- Italian - IT (628 KB)
- Korean - KR (628 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (628 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Fink MP. Ethyl pyruvate: a novel anti-inflammatory agent. J Intern Med. 2007 Apr;261(4):349-62. [Content Brief]
[2]. Olcum M, Tufekci KU, Durur DY, et al. Ethyl Pyruvate Attenuates Microglial NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation via Inhibition of HMGB1/NF-κB/miR-223 Signaling. Antioxidants (Basel). 2021;10(5):745. [Content Brief]
[3]. Liang X, et al. Ethyl pyruvate administration inhibits hepatic tumor growth. J Leukoc Biol. 2009 Sep;86(3):599-607. [Content Brief]
[4]. Qiu X, et al. Ethyl pyruvate confers protection against endotoxemia and sepsis by inhibiting caspase-11-dependent cell pyroptosis. Int Immunopharmacol. 2020 Jan;78:106016. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H2O / DMSO | 1 mM | 8.6118 mL | 43.0589 mL | 86.1178 mL | 215.2945 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.7224 mL | 8.6118 mL | 17.2236 mL | 43.0589 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.8612 mL | 4.3059 mL | 8.6118 mL | 21.5295 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.5741 mL | 2.8706 mL | 5.7412 mL | 14.3530 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.4306 mL | 2.1529 mL | 4.3059 mL | 10.7647 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.3445 mL | 1.7224 mL | 3.4447 mL | 8.6118 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.2871 mL | 1.4353 mL | 2.8706 mL | 7.1765 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.2153 mL | 1.0765 mL | 2.1529 mL | 5.3824 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.1722 mL | 0.8612 mL | 1.7224 mL | 4.3059 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.1435 mL | 0.7176 mL | 1.4353 mL | 3.5882 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.1076 mL | 0.5382 mL | 1.0765 mL | 2.6912 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0861 mL | 0.4306 mL | 0.8612 mL | 2.1529 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
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