IBMX
Based on 75 publication(s) in Google Scholar
IBMX is a broad-spectrum phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, with IC50s of 6.5, 26.3 and 31.7 μM for PDE3, PDE4 and PDE5, respectively.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.96%
- CAS No.: 28822-58-4
- Formula: C10H14N4O2
- Molecular Weight:222.24
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Storage:Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 2 years , -20°C, 1 year
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) IBMX
More- Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2025 Dec 3;10(1):394. [Abstract]
- J Adv Res. 2025 Jul 12:S2090-1232(25)00545-4. [Abstract]
- Metabolism. 2025 Jul:168:156252. [Abstract]
- Mol Cell. 2023 Jan 5;83(1):139-155.e9. [Abstract]
- Nat Chem Biol. 2026 Jan 6. [Abstract]
- J Nanobiotechnology. 2026 Jun 2. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2023 Sep;10(26):e2301538. [Abstract]
- Sci Adv. 2025 Jul 18;11(29):eadu0955. [Abstract]
- Carbohydr Polym. 2019 Apr 1:209:363-371. [Abstract]
- Cancer Lett. 2022 Dec 1:550:215918. [Abstract]
- Int J Biol Sci. 2022 Apr 24;18(7):3082-3101. [Abstract]
- Phytomedicine. 2025 Nov 25:148:157400. [Abstract]
- Phytomedicine. 2022 Apr:98:153959. [Abstract]
- Int J Biol Macromol. 2023 Dec 2;257(Pt 1):128588. [Abstract]
- Mol Med. 2025 May 14;31(1):188. [Abstract]
- Free Radic Biol Med. 2024 Feb 20:212:309-321. [Abstract]
- Free Radic Biol Med. 2018 Jun:121:215-230. [Abstract]
- Clin Transl Med. 2023 Jul;13(7):e1326. [Abstract]
- Stem Cell Res Ther. 2023 Dec 20;14(1):333. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2021 Sep 21;36(12):109726. [Abstract]
- Chin Med. 2025 Dec 10;20(1):215. [Abstract]
- J Ethnopharmacol. 2024 Mar 1:321:117530. [Abstract]
- Cells. 2026 Apr 13;15(8):684. [Abstract]
- Cells. 2026 Feb 11;15(4):329. [Abstract]
- J Am Heart Assoc. 2024 Jun 18;13(12):e033733. [Abstract]
- Mar Drugs. 2025 Nov 24;23(12):450. [Abstract]
- Front Endocrinol. 2022 Jul 22:13:907286. [Abstract]
- Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Mar 22;25(7):3572. [Abstract]
- Int J Obes. 2025 Aug 12. [Abstract]
- Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2024 Jun 1;326(6):C1683-C1696. [Abstract]
- Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021 Jul 30:9:704341. [Abstract]
- J Integr Med. 2024 Jan;22(1):83-92. [Abstract]
- Food Sci Nutr. 2026 Jan 7;14(1):e71429. [Abstract]
- Sci Rep. 2026 Jun 20. [Abstract]
- Sci Rep. 2026 Apr 27. [Abstract]
- J Lipid Res. 2026 Feb;67(2):100981. [Abstract]
- Sci Rep. 2025 Oct 21;15(1):36691. [Abstract]
- Sci Rep. 2024 Sep 2;14(1):20370. [Abstract]
- Sci Rep. 2024 Apr 30;14(1):9960. [Abstract]
- Sci Rep. 2024 Jan 3;14(1):436. [Abstract]
- Metabolites. 2025 Dec 23;16(1):12. [Abstract]
- Metabolites. 2025 Dec 23;16(1):12.
- Poult Sci. 2024 Dec;103(12):104257. [Abstract]
- Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2024 Nov;397(11):8707-8723. [Abstract]
- J Cell Physiol. 2022 Jan;237(1):868-880. [Abstract]
- J Cell Physiol. 2021 Nov;236(11):7544-7553. [Abstract]
- J Funct Foods. 2024 Oct.
- J Orthop Surg Res. 2025 Nov 14;20(1):997. [Abstract]
- Cell Transplant. 2025 Jan-Dec:34:9636897251376125. [Abstract]
- Int J Med Sci. 2025 Mar 10;22(8):1773-1790. [Abstract]
- Front Oncol. 2021 Oct 6;11:738300. [Abstract]
- Adipocyte. 2026 Dec;15(1):2682679. [Abstract]
- Adipocyte. 2022 Dec;11(1):562-571. [Abstract]
- Adipocyte. 2022 Dec;11(1):84-98. [Abstract]
- Adipocyte. 2022 Dec;11(1):202-212. [Abstract]
- Adv Ther (Weinh). 2025 Nov 10.
- Front Vet Sci. 2023 Nov 17:10:1277586. [Abstract]
- J Cell Biochem. 2019 Jan;120(1):321-331. [Abstract]
- Mol Reprod Dev. 2023 Feb;90(2):87-97. [Abstract]
- Cancer Manag Res. 2021 Jul 12:13:5599-5611. [Abstract]
- Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 2026 Jun-Jul:284:111225. [Abstract]
- Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2025 Jan;133(1):8-19. [Abstract]
- Res Sq. 2026 Feb 2.
- bioRxiv. 2025 Oct 2.
- Patent. US20250154468A1.
- BIO Web of Conferences. 2025 May 12.
- bioRxiv. 2025 March 25.
- bioRxiv. 2025 March 11.
- SSRN. 2025 Feb 28.
- SSRN. 2024 Nov 21.
- Heliyon. 2024 Aug 7;10(15):e35295. [Abstract]
- bioRxiv. 2024 Jul 26:2024.07.26.605282. [Abstract]
- SSRN. 2022.
- Research Square Print. 2022 Jun.
- Patent. US20180263995A1.
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RT-PCR
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WB
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WB
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WB
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WB
Biological Activity
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PDE3 |
PDE4 |
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Cell Line
|
Type | Value | Description | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HEK293 | IC50 |
466 μM
Compound: IBMX
|
Inhibition of L-type calcium channel measured using 2-electrode voltage-clamp in human embryonic kidney cells heterologically expressing alpha-1C subunit
Inhibition of L-type calcium channel measured using 2-electrode voltage-clamp in human embryonic kidney cells heterologically expressing alpha-1C subunit
|
[PMID: 22761000] |
| Oocyte | IC50 |
970 μM
Compound: 3-Isobutyl-1-methylxanthine
|
TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of L-Lactate uptake (L-Lactate:30mM) in Xenopus laevis oocytes
TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of L-Lactate uptake (L-Lactate:30mM) in Xenopus laevis oocytes
|
[PMID: 11101640] |
| Sf21 | IC50 |
4 μM
Compound: IBMX; CHEMBL275084
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Inhibition of human C-terminal His6-tagged PDE2A1 (215 to 900 residues) expressed in sf21 cells
Inhibition of human C-terminal His6-tagged PDE2A1 (215 to 900 residues) expressed in sf21 cells
|
[PMID: 26908025] |
At 100 μM, KMUP-1 (a xanthine derivative) and IBMX are the most effective at inducing tracheal relaxation; the magnitude of the relaxation responses induced by KMUP-1 and IBMX are not significantly different[1]. IBMX (100 μM) activates renal outer medullary K+ (ROMK) channels (n=6, P<0.05) and prevents further channel activation by ANG II (n=6, P=NS) or cGMP. Of note is that pretreatment of cortical collecting duct (CCDs) isolated from high-K+ (HK)-fed rats with IBMX (100 μM) for 20 min leads to a significant increase in tubular cAMP content to 1.43±0.35 pg/mm tubule length (n=14) compare with that measured in vehicle-treated controls (0.61±0.13 pg/mm tubule length, n=12, P<0.05)[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 28822-58-4
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 222.24
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Formula C10H14N4O2
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Color White to light yellow
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SMILES
O=C(N1C)N(CC(C)C)C2=C(N=CN2)C1=O
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Synonyms
3-Isobutyl-1-methylxanthine; Isobutylmethylxanthine
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 2 years -20°C 1 year
Publications (75)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Signal Transduct Target Ther
2025 Dec 3;10(1):394. PMID: 41330906 -
J Adv Res
SIRT7 facilitates ferroptosis resistance of melanocytes via activating the SMAD3-ATF3-GPX4 signaling pathway in vitiligo. [Abstract]2025 Jul 12:S2090-1232(25)00545-4. PMID: 40659088 -
Metabolism
Prevention of insulin-induced lipohypertrophy by coadministration of a low dose of high-affinity PI3K inhibitors. [Abstract]2025 Jul:168:156252. PMID: 40169086 -
Mol Cell
CRISPR-free, programmable RNA pseudouridylation to suppress premature termination codons. [Abstract]2023 Jan 5;83(1):139-155.e9. PMID: 36521489 -
Nat Chem Biol
Photo-cross-linking-assisted deorphanization deciphers GPR50-L-LEN pairing in metabolism. [Abstract]2026 Jan 6. PMID: 41495223 -
J Nanobiotechnology
Suppression of senescent metabolism of adipose tissue by rebalancing mitochondrial homeostasis via a selective drug delivery system. [Abstract]2026 Jun 2. PMID: 42231423 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals Translational Landscapes and Regulations in Mouse and Human Oocyte Aging. [Abstract]2023 Sep;10(26):e2301538. PMID: 37401155 -
Sci Adv
Nicotinamide boosts oocyte quantity and quality by promoting N4-acetylation modification in lupus mice. [Abstract]2025 Jul 18;11(29):eadu0955. PMID: 40680131 -
Carbohydr Polym
Structural characterization and in vitro hypoglycemic activity of a glucan from Euryale ferox Salisb. seeds. [Abstract]2019 Apr 1:209:363-371. PMID: 30732819 -
Cancer Lett
Obesity accelerates immune evasion of non-small cell lung carcinoma via TFEB-dependent upregulation of Siglec-15 and glycolytic reprogramming. [Abstract]2022 Dec 1:550:215918. PMID: 36150633
IBMX purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cancer Lett. 2022 Dec 1:550:215918. [Abstract]
3T3-L1 cells were cultured with complete DMEM medium which contains 0.5 mM IBMX, 1 μM Dexamethasone and 10 μg/ml Insuli to initiate differentiation into adipocyte-like cells. Culture medium was changed every second day for 6 days. Finally, fully differentiated adipocyte-like cells were cultured in complete DMEM medium for another three days. The cultured media were centrifuged to obtain adipocyte-conditioned medium (CM). Fresh complete DMEM were used as control medium.
IBMX purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cancer Lett. 2022 Dec 1:550:215918. [Abstract]
3T3-L1 cells were cultured with complete DMEM medium which contains 0.5 mM IBMX, 1 μM Dexamethasone and 10 μg/mL Insulin to initiate differentiation into adipocyte-like cells. Culture medium was changed every second day for 6 days. Finally, fully differentiated adipocyte-like cells were cultured in complete DMEM medium for another three days. The cultured media were centrifuged to obtain adipocyte-conditioned medium (CM). Fresh complete DMEM were used as control medium.
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Int J Biol Sci
LAMC1-mediated preadipocytes differentiation promoted peritoneum pre-metastatic niche formation and gastric cancer metastasis. [Abstract]2022 Apr 24;18(7):3082-3101. PMID: 35541892
IBMX purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Int J Biol Sci. 2022 Apr 24;18(7):3082-3101. [Abstract]
For 3T3-L1 and human preadipocytes induction, the medium of cells was cultivated with DMEM containing 10% FBS, 10 μg/mL Insulin, 1 μmol/L Dexamethasone, 0.5 mmol/L IBMX for 2 days after 2 days of contact inhibition, and subsequently, the medium was replaced with high glucose DMEM medium containing 10 μg/mL insulin and 10% FBS for 2 days, then, change the medium every day with DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS until 3T3-L1 and human preadipocytes were induced into mature adipocyte. The effect of LAMC1 on the differentiation of adipocytes were tested.
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Phytomedicine
Perillyl alcohol ameliorates high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice by modulating gut microbiota and activating IRF4-mediated brown fat thermogenesis. [Abstract]2025 Nov 25:148:157400. PMID: 41138577 -
Phytomedicine
Amelioration of lipid accumulations and metabolism disorders in differentiation and development of 3T3-L1 adipocytes through mulberry leaf water extract. [Abstract]2022 Apr:98:153959. PMID: 35134622 -
Int J Biol Macromol
Phyllostachys nigra (Lodd. ex Lindl.) derived polysaccharide with enhanced glycolipid metabolism regulation and mice gut microbiome. [Abstract]2023 Dec 2;257(Pt 1):128588. PMID: 38048922 -
Mol Med
Arctiin, a lignan compound, enhances adipose tissue browning and energy expenditure by activating the adenosine A2A receptor. [Abstract]2025 May 14;31(1):188. PMID: 40369420 -
Free Radic Biol Med
Lactoferrin ameliorated obesity-induced endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting the Tak1/IL-18/eNOS pathway between PVAT and vascular endothelium. [Abstract]2024 Feb 20:212:309-321. PMID: 38159893 -
Free Radic Biol Med
C1QTNF1 attenuates angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy via activation of the AMPKa pathway. [Abstract]2018 Jun:121:215-230. PMID: 29733904 -
Clin Transl Med
CRISPRa-based activation of Fgf21 and Fndc5 ameliorates obesity by promoting adipocytes browning. [Abstract]2023 Jul;13(7):e1326. PMID: 37462619 -
Stem Cell Res Ther
Hypertonicity induces mitochondrial extracellular vesicles (MEVs) that activate TNF-α and β-catenin signaling to promote adipocyte dedifferentiation. [Abstract]2023 Dec 20;14(1):333. PMID: 38115136 -
Cell Rep
Gut microbiota-mediated secondary bile acids regulate dendritic cells to attenuate autoimmune uveitis through TGR5 signaling. [Abstract]2021 Sep 21;36(12):109726. PMID: 34551302 -
Chin Med
Fat-targeted small molecule alleviates abnormal adipose tissue remodeling in obesity via SIRT3-driven mitophagy and inflammasome inhibition. [Abstract]2025 Dec 10;20(1):215. PMID: 41372934 -
J Ethnopharmacol
Molecular mechanism of Gan-song Yin inhibiting the proliferation of renal tubular epithelial cells by regulating miR-21-5p in adipocyte exosomes. [Abstract]2024 Mar 1:321:117530. PMID: 38043753 -
Cells
Oleic Acid and Transferrin Synergistically Induce Serum-Free Adipogenic Differentiation of Porcine Preadipocytes via the SEPTIN4/PPARγ Axis. [Abstract]2026 Apr 13;15(8):684. PMID: 42041552 -
Cells
The Asp-Encoding Gene FBN1 Mediates Cold Adaptation in Sunite Sheep by Reprogramming Adipocyte Differentiation Towards Thermogenesis. [Abstract]2026 Feb 11;15(4):329. PMID: 41744772 -
J Am Heart Assoc
2024 Jun 18;13(12):e033733. PMID: 38860414 -
Mar Drugs
Novel PPAR-γ Agonist from the Soft Coral Sarcophyton crassocaule: Modulating Glucose Uptake and Lipid Droplet Formation. [Abstract]2025 Nov 24;23(12):450. PMID: 41440884 -
Front Endocrinol
NAT10 Maintains OGA mRNA Stability Through ac4C Modification in Regulating Oocyte Maturation. [Abstract]2022 Jul 22:13:907286. PMID: 35937804 -
Int J Mol Sci
3-Methyl-4-nitrophenol Exposure Deteriorates Oocyte Maturation by Inducing Spindle Instability and Mitochondrial Dysfunction. [Abstract]2024 Mar 22;25(7):3572. PMID: 38612384 -
Int J Obes
Interleukin-33 promotes lipolysis of adipocytes and protects male mice against obesity via activation of β-adrenergic receptor signaling. [Abstract]2025 Aug 12. PMID: 40796940 -
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol
2024 Jun 1;326(6):C1683-C1696. PMID: 38646785 -
Front Cell Dev Biol
NAT10-Mediated N4-Acetylcytidine of RNA Contributes to Post-transcriptional Regulation of Mouse Oocyte Maturation in vitro. [Abstract]2021 Jul 30:9:704341. PMID: 34395433 -
J Integr Med
Alisol B 23-acetate promotes white adipose tissue browning to mitigate high-fat diet-induced obesity by regulating mTOR-SREBP1 signaling. [Abstract]2024 Jan;22(1):83-92. PMID: 38311542 -
Food Sci Nutr
Anti-Diabetic Effects of Ayanin, a Flavonoid Compound, in STZ/HFD-Induced Diabetic Mice by Upregulating GLUT4 and Suppressing Macrophage-Driven Inflammation in Adipose Tissues. [Abstract]2026 Jan 7;14(1):e71429. PMID: 41509193 -
Sci Rep
Adipocyte-derived CRAMP-neutrophil serine protease interaction axis regulates innate cutaneous defense against Staphylococcus aureus. [Abstract]2026 Jun 20. PMID: 42323310 -
Sci Rep
EphrinB2-engineered cPDLSCs/EPCs 3D cell sheets accelerate peri-implant osseointegration via coupled angiogenesis-osteogenesis regulation in canine model. [Abstract]2026 Apr 27. PMID: 42045340 -
J Lipid Res
2026 Feb;67(2):100981. PMID: 41565113 -
Sci Rep
Osthol ameliorates obesity-associated lipid metabolic disorders by inhibiting ADRA1D-dependent Th17 cell differentiation. [Abstract]2025 Oct 21;15(1):36691. PMID: 41120583 -
Sci Rep
Triiodothyronine (T3) promotes browning of white adipose through inhibition of the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. [Abstract]2024 Sep 2;14(1):20370. PMID: 39223267 -
Sci Rep
2024 Apr 30;14(1):9960. PMID: 38693222 -
Sci Rep
The follicle-stimulating hormone triggers rapid changes in mitochondrial structure and function in porcine cumulus cells. [Abstract]2024 Jan 3;14(1):436. PMID: 38172520 -
Metabolites
Rutin Maintains the Thermogenic Phenotype of Beige Adipocytes and Concomitantly Suppresses Mitophagy Against Obesity in HFD Mice. [Abstract]2025 Dec 23;16(1):12. PMID: 41590620 -
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Poult Sci
DKK3 promotes adipogenic differentiation of stem cells by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway related gene expression and mitochondrial autophagy function. [Abstract]2024 Dec;103(12):104257. PMID: 39316979 -
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol
Anti-adipogenesis and anti-obesity potential of alliin mediated by modulating glycolipid metabolism via activating PPARγ signaling. [Abstract]2024 Nov;397(11):8707-8723. PMID: 38829385 -
J Cell Physiol
Thyroid stimulating hormone aggravates diabetic retinopathy through the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. [Abstract]2022 Jan;237(1):868-880. PMID: 34435365 -
J Cell Physiol
Rapid responses of adipocytes to iron overload increase serum TG level by decreasing adiponectin. [Abstract]2021 Nov;236(11):7544-7553. PMID: 33855731 -
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J Orthop Surg Res
RNA-sequencing-based elucidation of the mechanism underlying aFGF mediated regulation of BMSCs via the PI3K-AKT pathway and its implications for rotator cuff injury repair. [Abstract]2025 Nov 14;20(1):997. PMID: 41239461 -
Cell Transplant
Adipose-derived stem cells inhibit dendritic cell migration by secreting tumor necrosis factor-α-stimulated gene 6 to improve the allogeneic skin transplantation survival rate in mice. [Abstract]2025 Jan-Dec:34:9636897251376125. PMID: 41108126 -
Int J Med Sci
Integrated Phenotypic and Transcriptomic Analyses of Osteoporosis in Type 2 Diabetic Mice. [Abstract]2025 Mar 10;22(8):1773-1790. PMID: 40225857 -
Front Oncol
SUZ12 Loss Amplifies the Ras/ERK Pathway by Activating Adenylate Cyclase 1 in NF1-Associated Neurofibromas. [Abstract]2021 Oct 6;11:738300. PMID: 34692515 -
Adipocyte
2026 Dec;15(1):2682679. PMID: 42339782 -
Adipocyte
Salvianolic acid A promotes mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial function in 3T3-L1 adipocytes through regulation of the AMPK-PGC1α signalling pathway. [Abstract]2022 Dec;11(1):562-571. PMID: 36053001 -
Adipocyte
The mechanisms underlying olanzapine-induced insulin resistance via the brown adipose tissue and the therapy in rats. [Abstract]2022 Dec;11(1):84-98. PMID: 35067163 -
Adipocyte
The combination of nuclear receptor NR1D1 and ULK1 promotes mitophagy in adipocytes to ameliorate obesity. [Abstract]2022 Dec;11(1):202-212. PMID: 35410572 -
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Front Vet Sci
Histological characteristics of hair follicles at different hair cycle and in vitro modeling of hair follicle-associated cells of yak ( Bos grunniens). [Abstract]2023 Nov 17:10:1277586. PMID: 38046572 -
J Cell Biochem
Fsk and IBMX inhibit proliferation and proapoptotic of glioma stem cells via activation of cAMP signaling pathway. [Abstract]2019 Jan;120(1):321-331. PMID: 30171713
IBMX purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Cell Biochem. 2019 Jan;120(1):321-331. [Abstract]
The combination of Fsk and IBMX (Fsk-IBMX) inhibits the expression of cAMP related protein. The results of Western blot in glioma stem cells (GSCs).
IBMX purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Cell Biochem. 2019 Jan;120(1):321-331. [Abstract]
U0126 enhances the negative effect of Fsk-IBMX on the development of glioma stem cells (GSCs).
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Mol Reprod Dev
Comprehensive analysis of nonsurrounded nucleolus and surrounded nucleolus oocytes on chromatin accessibility using ATAC-seq. [Abstract]2023 Feb;90(2):87-97. PMID: 36598871 -
Cancer Manag Res
Comprehensive Analysis of Peritoneal Metastasis Sequencing Data to Identify LINC00924 as a Prognostic Biomarker in Gastric Cancer. [Abstract]2021 Jul 12:13:5599-5611. PMID: 34285580 -
Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol
Molecular and functional characterization of the kisspeptin receptor Kissr3 in the large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). [Abstract]2026 Jun-Jul:284:111225. PMID: 41912081 -
Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes
Activation of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Receptor in Adrenal Zona Fasciculata Cells Promotes Cortisol Secretion: Implications for the Development of Menopause-Associated Diseases. [Abstract]2025 Jan;133(1):8-19. PMID: 39284353 -
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Heliyon
Differentiation of cultured hair follicle neural crest stem cells into functional melanocytes. [Abstract]2024 Aug 7;10(15):e35295. PMID: 39170163 -
bioRxiv
2024 Jul 26:2024.07.26.605282. PMID: 39091869 -
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Solvent & Solubility
DMSO : 125 mg/mL (562.46 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Ethanol : ≥ 7.14 mg/mL (32.13 mM)
* "≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 1.67 mg/mL (7.51 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 1.67 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (16.7 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: 1.67 mg/mL (7.51 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic
This protocol yields a suspended solution of 1.67 mg/mL. Suspended solution can be used for oral and intraperitoneal injection.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (16.7 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% EtOH 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 0.71 mg/mL (3.19 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 0.71 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL EtOH stock solution (7.1 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% EtOH 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 0.71 mg/mL (3.19 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 0.71 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL EtOH stock solution (7.1 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% EtOH 90% Corn Oil
Solubility: ≥ 0.71 mg/mL (3.19 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 0.71 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL EtOH stock solution (7.1 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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-
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL.
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Protocol
Cells are grown in 24-well plates 105 cells per well. At confluence, monolayer cells are washed with phosphate buffer solution (PBS) and then incubated with KMUP-1 (0.1-100 μM) in the presence of 100 μM IBMX for 20 min. Incubation is terminated by the addition of 10% trichloroacetic acid (TCA). Cell suspensions are sonicated and then centrifuged at 2500× g for 15 min at 4°C. To remove TCA, the supernatants are extracted three times with 5 volumes of water-saturated diethyl ether. Then, the supernatants are lyophilized and the cyclic GMP or AMP of each sample is determined by using commercially available radioimmunoassay kits[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Mice[3]
Male mice (25-35 g) are used. For the experiment, the test compound (IBMX, MCPIP, mc1, mc2, mc5 or mc6) or solvent (control) is injected subcutaneously to mice at 1 mg/kg dosage twice a day (8:00 a.m. and 8:00 p.m.) for 7 days.
Rats[4]
Six groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats are used (150-180g, 6 rats/group). Three groups of rats are exposed to a climate-controlled walk-in chamber maintained at moderate cold (5.0±1°C). The remaining groups are kept in an identical chamber maintained at room temperature (23.5±1°C, warm) and served as controls. After eight weeks of exposure to cold, 3 groups in each temperature condition received continuous IV infusion of IBMX (PDE-1 inhibitor, 8.5 mg/kg/day), Apocynin (NADPH oxidase inhibitor, 25 mg/kg/day) and vehicle (DMSO, 50%), respectively. The doses of drugs have been validated for effective inhibition of PDE-1 and NADPH oxidase activity, respectively. Body weight is measured weekly. After one week of drug infusion, the animals’ right ventricular systolic blood pressure (RVBP) is measured under anesthesia. The RVP is a reliable indicator of pulmonary arterial blood pressure (PAP) and has been used by numerous investigators for evaluating PH.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (283 KB)
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SDS (396 KB)
- English - EN (396 KB)
- Français - FR (396 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (396 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (396 KB)
- Español - ES (396 KB)
- Swedish - SV (396 KB)
- Italian - IT (396 KB)
- Korean - KR (396 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (396 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Wu BN, et al. KMUP-1, a xanthine derivative, induces relaxation of guinea-pig isolated trachea: the role of the epithelium, cyclic nucleotides and K+ channels. Br J Pharmacol. 2004 Aug;142(7):1105-14 [Content Brief]
[2]. Wei Y, et al. Angiotensin II type 2 receptor regulates ROMK-like K+ channel activity in the renal cortical collecting duct during high dietary K+ adaptation. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2014 Oct 1;307(7):F833-43 [Content Brief]
[3]. Hosseini A, et al. Differential metabolic effects of novel cilostamide analogs, methyl carbostiryl derivatives, on mouse and hyperglycemic rat. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2012 Jul;15(4):916-25. [Content Brief]
[4]. Crosswhite P, et al. Inhibition of phosphodiesterase-1 attenuates cold-induced pulmonary hypertension. Hypertension. 2013 Mar;61(3):585-92. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ethanol / DMSO | 1 mM | 4.4996 mL | 22.4982 mL | 44.9964 mL | 112.4910 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.8999 mL | 4.4996 mL | 8.9993 mL | 22.4982 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4500 mL | 2.2498 mL | 4.4996 mL | 11.2491 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.3000 mL | 1.4999 mL | 2.9998 mL | 7.4994 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.2250 mL | 1.1249 mL | 2.2498 mL | 5.6245 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.1800 mL | 0.8999 mL | 1.7999 mL | 4.4996 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.1500 mL | 0.7499 mL | 1.4999 mL | 3.7497 mL | |
| DMSO | 40 mM | 0.1125 mL | 0.5625 mL | 1.1249 mL | 2.8123 mL |
| 50 mM | 0.0900 mL | 0.4500 mL | 0.8999 mL | 2.2498 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0750 mL | 0.3750 mL | 0.7499 mL | 1.8748 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0562 mL | 0.2812 mL | 0.5625 mL | 1.4061 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0450 mL | 0.2250 mL | 0.4500 mL | 1.1249 mL |