Girolline
Girolline (RP 49532) is a protein synthesis inhibitor and a functional modulator of eIF5A. Girolline induces ribosome stalling by interfering with the binding of eIF5A to ribosomes. Girolline also inhibits the production of IL-6 and IL-8, and induces cell cycle arrest in tumor cells. Girolline is applicable to research related to inflammatory diseases, solid tumors, leukemia and malaria.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- CAS No.: 110883-46-0
- Formula: C6H11ClN4O
- Molecular Weight:190.63
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Storage:
Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
- Protocols
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
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Biological Activity
Description
IC50 & Target
[1]|
IL-6 |
IL-8 |
In Vitro
Girolline (0.08-40000 ng/mL; 4.5 h) inhibits flagellin-induced TLR5 NF-κB luciferase reporter gene activity in CHO-K1-TLR5 cells[1].
Girolline (2 μg/mL; 7 h) potently inhibits flagellin-induced IL-8 secretion and NF-κB/AP-1 activity in THP1-derived macrophages[1].
Girolline (2 μg/mL; 7 h) blocks flagellin-induced secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)[1].
Girolline (8-5000 ng/mL; 7 h) dose-dependently inhibits NF-κB/AP-1 activity induced by various TLRs, IL-1β and TNF-α in HEK293 reporter cells, with significant inhibition observed at concentrations ≥200 ng/mL[1].
Girolline (50 μM; 24 h) induces G2/M cell cycle arrest in FL, HeLa and A549 tumor cell lines, with the most pronounced effect observed in FL cells[2].
Girolline (5-50 μM; 24 h) induces concentration-dependent accumulation of polyubiquitinated p53 in FL cells[2].
Girolline (0.1-1.0 μM; 1-4 days) induces dose- and time-dependent G2 phase arrest in human 293 cells, with the most prominent accumulation of G2/M phase cells observed at 1.0 μM for 48 h, while prolonged treatment leads to increased apoptotic cell death[3].
Girolline (10-300 μM; 1 h) dose-dependently inhibits the interaction between hypusinated eIF5A and ribosomes in HEK293T cells[4].
Girolline (1-5 μM; 16 h) selectively inhibits the translation of sequences containing AAA-encoded Lys (but not AAG-encoded Lys) in HEK293T cells, with longer AAA sequences correlating with stronger inhibitory effects[4].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only. Further protocols information, click here.
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Cell Line:FL, HeLa, A549
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Concentration:50 μM
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Incubation Time:24 h
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Result:Induced G2/M cell cycle arrest in FL cells.
Induced G2/M cell cycle arrest to a lesser extent in HeLa and A549 cells.
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Cell Line:human 293 cells
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Concentration:0.1 μM, 0.5 μM, 1.0 μM; 1 μM
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Incubation Time:1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days
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Result:Increased the percentage of cells in G2/M phase from 7.8% to 32.1% and decreased G0/G1 phase cells from 49.5% to 24.5% at 1.0 μM for 48 h, with S phase percentage unchanged.
Resulted in 27.1% of cells in G2/M phase at 1 μM for 2 days; this percentage decreased to 18.1% and 13.1% after 3 and 4 days, respectively.
Increased the pre-G0/G1 apoptotic cell population from 1.9% at day 1 to 18.1% at day 4 with 1 μM treatment.
In Vivo
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 110883-46-0
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Molecular Weight 190.63
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Formula C6H11ClN4O
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SMILES
NC[C@H](Cl)[C@H](C1=CN=C(N)N1)O
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Synonyms
RP 49532
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Structure Classification
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Initial Source
Cymbastela cantharella (Pseudaxinyssa cantharella)
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.
Protocols
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Flow cytometric DNA-content cell-cycle staining
Flow cytometric DNA-content cell-cycle staining measures the fluorescence intensity of DNA-bound fluorochromes in single cells or nuclei to estimate DNA content distributions, allowing assignment of populations to G0/G1, S, and G2/M phases by DNA histogram deconvolution. Propidium iodide (PI) intercalates into DNA, and PI fluorescence is proportional to cellular DNA content when staining is performed under conditions that make DNA accessible and minimize non-DNA signal. Cells with G2/M DNA content are expected to show approximately twice the fluorescence intensity of G0/G1 cells, while S-phase cells occupy intermediate fluorescence values. PI-based DNA-content analysis can also detect cells with fractional DNA content, often reported as sub-G1, when DNA fragmentation and extraction during staining reduce retained DNA signal in apoptotic cells. DAPI is an alternative DNA fluorochrome for univariate DNA-content analysis, while bivariate approaches combining DNA content with proliferation
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BrdU Incorporation Assay
Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation assay is based on the principle that BrdU, a thymidine analog, is incorporated into newly synthesized DNA during the S phase of the cell cycle, thereby serving as a marker of DNA replication and cellular proliferation. Incorporated BrdU can be detected using anti-BrdU antibodies following DNA denaturation, enabling visualization or quantification of proliferating cells through immunochemical detection methods such as immunofluorescence or immunohistochemistry.
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Protocol for Cell Cycle
Cell-cycle analysis by flow cytometry measures DNA content in single cells to estimate the fraction of cells in G0/G1, S, and G2/M phases. Propidium iodide intercalates into DNA, and after RNA removal with RNase, fluorescence intensity reflects cellular DNA content: 2N cells are assigned to G0/G1, cells between 2N and 4N to S phase, and 4N cells to G2/M. DNA-content analysis alone cannot reliably separate G0 from G1 or G2 from M. Ki-67 can distinguish quiescent G0 cells from cycling cells, EdU or BrdU incorporation marks active DNA synthesis in S phase, and phospho-histone H3 staining identifies mitotic cells within the 4N population.
Purity & Documentation
References
[1]. Fung SY, et al. Unbiased screening of marine sponge extracts for anti-inflammatory agents combined with chemical genomics identifies girolline as an inhibitor of protein synthesis. ACS Chem Biol. 2014;9(1):247-257. [Content Brief]
[2]. Tsukamoto S, et al. Girolline, an antitumor compound isolated from a sponge, induces G2/M cell cycle arrest and accumulation of polyubiquitinated p53. Biol Pharm Bull. 2004;27(5):699-701. [Content Brief]
[3]. Diop D, et al. Girolline interferes with cell-cycle progression, but not with translation. C R Biol. 2007;330(12):855-860. [Content Brief]
[4]. Schneider-Poetsch T, et al. Girolline is a sequence context-selective modulator of eIF5A activity. Nat Commun. 2025;16(1):223. Published 2025 Jan 10. [Content Brief]
Calculators
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Girolline Related Classifications
HY-106801 Related Classifications
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