Imiquimod maleate
Based on 60 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Imiquimod maleate (R 837 maleate), an immune response modifier, is a selective toll like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist. Imiquimod maleate exhibits antiviral and antitumor effects in vivo. Imiquimod maleate can be used for the research of external genital, perianal warts, cancer and COVID-19.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.92%
- CAS No.: 896106-16-4
- Formula: C18H20N4O4
- Molecular Weight:356.38
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Storage:
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)
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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Imiquimod maleate
More- Nature. 2025 May;641(8061):202-210. [Abstract]
- Cell Res. 2025 Apr 1. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2022 Jul 22;13(1):4255. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2016 May 25:7:11724. [Abstract]
- J Nanobiotechnology. 2023 Feb 10;21(1):50. [Abstract]
- J Nanobiotechnology. 2022 May 14;20(1):228. [Abstract]
- Nucleic Acids Res. 2021 Jan 8;49(D1):D1113-D1121. [Abstract]
- Theranostics. 2023 Apr 9;13(7):2226-2240. [Abstract]
- Acta Pharm Sin B. 2024 Oct;14(10):4360-4377. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2024 Sep;11(35):e2405158. [Abstract]
- MedComm (2020). 2022 Mar 4;3(1):e120. [Abstract]
- Biomaterials. 2022 Mar:282:121411. [Abstract]
- Biomaterials. 2021 Apr:271:120724. [Abstract]
- Mol Biomed. 2025 Nov 13;6(1):108. [Abstract]
- J Control Release. 2023 Sep:361:443-454. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Dis. 2025 Jan 20;16(1):31. [Abstract]
- Pharmacol Res. 2023 Dec:198:107016. [Abstract]
- Cell Commun Signal. 2024 Nov 25;22(1):565. [Abstract]
- Cell Commun Signal. 2023 Aug 18;21(1):215. [Abstract]
- Drug Deliv. 2023 Dec;30(1):2183814. [Abstract]
- Biodes Manuf. 2025 May 22.
- Cell Rep. 2021 Feb 2;34(5):108724. [Abstract]
- J Invest Dermatol. 2022 May;142(5):1349-1359.e8. [Abstract]
- Pharmaceutics. 2025 Nov 20;17(11):1503. [Abstract]
- J Ethnopharmacol. 2026 Oct 28:369:121903. [Abstract]
- J Ethnopharmacol. 2024 Apr 6:323:117711. [Abstract]
- Virulence. 2023 Dec;14(1):2223394. [Abstract]
- J Agric Food Chem. 2024 Jan 17;72(2):1055-1066. [Abstract]
- Inflamm Res. 2026 Apr 17;75(1):93. [Abstract]
- Int J Pharm. 2023 Dec 15:648:123583. [Abstract]
- EMBO Rep. 2022 Feb 3;23(2):e53499. [Abstract]
- Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2026 Feb 12;75(3):77. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep Methods. 2023 Oct 23;3(10):100599. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2024 Sep 21;142(Pt B):113190. [Abstract]
- ACS Appl Bio Mater. 2019 Feb 18;2(2):874-883. [Abstract]
- J Periodontal Res. 2025 Feb 25. [Abstract]
- Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2023 Mar;68(3):256-266. [Abstract]
- Diam Relat Mater. 2023 May 26, 110058.
- Eur J Pharm Sci. 2026 Mar 19:107510. [Abstract]
- Sci Rep. 2024 Mar 4;14(1):5237. [Abstract]
- J Cell Mol Med. 2024 Apr;28(8):e18356. [Abstract]
- J Inflamm Res. 2025 Mar 20:18:4213-4231. [Abstract]
- FASEB J. 2025 Dec 15;39(23):e71278. [Abstract]
- Arch Microbiol. 2025 Oct 6;207(11):290. [Abstract]
- FEBS Lett. 2021 Oct;595(19):2447-2462. [Abstract]
- Tuberculosis. 2025 Oct 14:155:102698. [Abstract]
- Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2024 Apr 16:704:149661. [Abstract]
- Ir J Med Sci. 2025 Dec 13. [Abstract]
- SSRN. 2025 Dec 2.
- SSRN. 2025 Jul 30.
- Patent. US20250235403A1.
- SSRN. 2025 Jun 24.
- Patent. US20240417738A1.
- Preprints. 2024 Aug 27.
- protocols.io. 2024 Apr 13.
- bioRxiv. 2024 Apr 20:2024.04.19.590338. [Abstract]
- Research Square Preprint. 2023 Nov 17.
- Research Square Print. 2023 Feb 1.
- Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2022 Oct 12:2022:6264474. [Abstract]
- Research Square Preprint. 2021 Oct.
Customer Validation & Images
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Histological Imaging/Staining
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Bio/Physico-chemical Assay
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Bio/Physico-chemical Assay
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Bio/Physico-chemical Assay
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Histological Imaging/Staining
Biological Activity
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TLR7 |
HSV-1 |
Please do not refer to only one article to determine the experimental conditions. It is recommended to determine the optimal experimental conditions (animal strain, age, dosage, frequency and cycle, detection time and indicators, etc.) through preliminary experiments before the formal experiment.
Imiquimod maleate can be used to induce psoriasis models[5].
Administration: 3.125 mg/day • skin • 6 days
(1) Prepare BM of lipids
STA and OA were melted at 75 °C followed by the addition of IMQ (3.5% of the BM, w/w) under continuous stirring.
Polysorbate 80 and stearoyl polyoxyl-32 glycerides at a 50:50 ratio were dispersed in water heated separately to 75 °C and added to the BM phase under continuous stirring.
(2) Prepare nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs)
The mixture was then subjected to high-shear homogenization followed by ultrasonication.
The mixture was then rapidly cooled in an ice bath to allow the formation of NLCs.
Resulted in hyperproliferative keratinocytes and a disturbed epidermal differentiation (parakeratosis).
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
| NCT Number | Sponsor | Condition | Start Date |
Phase
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT01329991 | Plexxikon| | 2011-05 | PHASE1 |
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 896106-16-4
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 356.38
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Formula C18H20N4O4
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
NC1=NC2=CC=CC=C2C3=C1N=CN3CC(C)C.O=C(O)/C=C\C(O)=O
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)
Publications (60)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Nature
2025 May;641(8061):202-210. PMID: 40140567 -
Cell Res
2025 Apr 1. PMID: 40164768 -
Nat Commun
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV promotes imiquimod-induced psoriatic inflammation via macrophages and keratinocytes in mice. [Abstract]2022 Jul 22;13(1):4255. PMID: 35869084 -
Nat Commun
NFATc1 supports imiquimod-induced skin inflammation by suppressing IL-10 synthesis in B cells. [Abstract]2016 May 25:7:11724. PMID: 27222343
Imiquimod maleate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Commun. 2016 May 25:7:11724. [Abstract]
Freshly prepared splenic B cells are left unstimulated (lanes 1 and 4), or stimulated by 10 μg/mL αIgM for 6 or 24 h (lanes 2 and 3), or by 1 μg/mL IMQ for 6, 24, 48 and 72 h (lanes 5-8), or by αIgM and IMQ for 24 or 48 h (lanes 9+10), respectively.
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J Nanobiotechnology
Long-lasting postoperative analgesia with local anesthetic-loaded hydrogels prevent tumor recurrence via enhancing CD8+T cell infiltration. [Abstract]2023 Feb 10;21(1):50. PMID: 36765361 -
J Nanobiotechnology
Enhancement of antitumor immunotherapy using mitochondria-targeted cancer cell membrane-biomimetic MOF-mediated sonodynamic therapy and checkpoint blockade immunotherapy. [Abstract]2022 May 14;20(1):228. PMID: 35568916
Imiquimod maleate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Nanobiotechnology. 2022 May 14;20(1):228. [Abstract]
TEM image and magnified TEM Image of Zr-TCPP(TPP)/R837@M nanoparticles, scale bar: 200 nm.
Imiquimod maleate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Nanobiotechnology. 2022 May 14;20(1):228. [Abstract]
XPS spectra of Zr-TCPP(TPP)/R837@M.
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Nucleic Acids Res
COVID19 Drug Repository: text-mining the literature in search of putative COVID19 therapeutics. [Abstract]2021 Jan 8;49(D1):D1113-D1121. PMID: 33166390 -
Theranostics
2023 Apr 9;13(7):2226-2240. PMID: 37153743
Imiquimod maleate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Theranostics. 2023 Apr 9;13(7):2226-2240. [Abstract]
Representative images of lung of mice after indicated treatment. PFI: ICG-loaded PF127 hydrogel, PFIR: ropivacaine-loaded PFI hydrogel, PFIM: imiquimod-loaded PFI hydrogel, PFIRM: imiquimod (3 mg) and ropivacaine co-loaded PFI hydrogel.
Imiquimod maleate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Theranostics. 2023 Apr 9;13(7):2226-2240. [Abstract]
1. Cumulative release profile of ICG and Imiquimod (3 mg) from PFIRM with or without laser irradiation at 1.2 W/cm2 for 5 min. The absorbance of IMQ and ICG were measured at 320 and 800 nm, respectively, using a Micro UV-Vis Spectrophotometer (LIFEREAL, FC-1100). The assay was repeated three times.
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Acta Pharm Sin B
Macrophage P2Y6R activation aggravates psoriatic inflammation through IL-27-mediated Th1 responses. [Abstract]2024 Oct;14(10):4360-4377. PMID: 39525587 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
Boron Neutron Capture Therapy-Derived Extracellular Vesicles via DNA Accumulation Boost Antitumor Dendritic Cell Vaccine Efficacy. [Abstract]2024 Sep;11(35):e2405158. PMID: 39021327 -
MedComm (2020)
Tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 exacerbates psoriasis-like skin inflammation in mice via ERK5-dependent NETosis. [Abstract]2022 Mar 4;3(1):e120. PMID: 35281792
Imiquimod maleate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: MedComm (2020). 2022 Mar 4;3(1):e120. [Abstract]
H&E staining of back skin sections of sham‐ or IMQ‐treated SHP2N KO and WT mice, scale bar = 200 μm.
Imiquimod maleate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: MedComm (2020). 2022 Mar 4;3(1):e120. [Abstract]
IMQ (10 μM, 2 h) treatment significantly increased the proportion of neutrophils in immune cells, while SHP099 treatment significantly decreased it.
Imiquimod maleate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: MedComm (2020). 2022 Mar 4;3(1):e120. [Abstract]
Results showed that neutrophil infiltration occurred in the skin tissues after IMQ (10 μM, 2 h) treatment, and SHP099 significantly reversed this phenomenon.
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Biomaterials
2022 Mar:282:121411. PMID: 35189461 -
Biomaterials
Physiologically triggered injectable red blood cell-based gel for tumor photoablation and enhanced cancer immunotherapy. [Abstract]2021 Apr:271:120724. PMID: 33636549 -
Mol Biomed
ML345 is a potent and selective NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor with anti-inflammatory activity. [Abstract]2025 Nov 13;6(1):108. PMID: 41231359 -
J Control Release
Liposomal co-delivery of toll-like receptors 3 and 7 agonists induce a hot triple-negative breast cancer immune environment. [Abstract]2023 Sep:361:443-454. PMID: 37558053 -
Cell Death Dis
S1PR3-driven positive feedback loop sustains STAT3 activation and keratinocyte hyperproliferation in psoriasis. [Abstract]2025 Jan 20;16(1):31. PMID: 39833165 -
Pharmacol Res
The volume regulated anion channel VRAC regulates NLRP3 inflammasome by modulating itaconate efflux and mitochondria function. [Abstract]2023 Dec:198:107016. PMID: 38006980 -
Cell Commun Signal
Identification of a covalent NEK7 inhibitor to alleviate NLRP3 inflammasome-driven metainflammation. [Abstract]2024 Nov 25;22(1):565. PMID: 39587676 -
Cell Commun Signal
TLR7 activation by miR-21 promotes renal fibrosis by activating the pro-inflammatory signaling pathway in tubule epithelial cells. [Abstract]2023 Aug 18;21(1):215. PMID: 37596656 -
Drug Deliv
Biomimetic virus-like mesoporous silica nanoparticles improved cellular internalization for co-delivery of antigen and agonist to enhance Tumor immunotherapy. [Abstract]2023 Dec;30(1):2183814. PMID: 36843529 -
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Cell Rep
MyD88 in myofibroblasts enhances colitis-associated tumorigenesis via promoting macrophage M2 polarization. [Abstract]2021 Feb 2;34(5):108724. PMID: 33535045
Imiquimod maleate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Rep. 2021 Feb 2;34(5):108724. [Abstract]
Primary intestinal NFs were exposed to TLR agonists and IL-1 for 12 h, and OPN mRNA was measured using qPCR analysis. The results were normalized to β-actin. ∗p < 0.05. TLR agonists were used at the following concentrations: TLR1/2 agonist (Pam3CSK4), 100 ng/mL; TLR4 agonist (LPS), 1 μg/mL; TLR7 agonist (Imiquimod; HY-B0180), 100 ng/mL; TLR8 agonist (Motolimod; HY-13773), 250 ng/mL; and IL-1, 5 ng/ml.
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J Invest Dermatol
Adipocyte-Derived CTRP3 Exhibits Anti-Inflammatory Effects via LAMP1-STAT3 Axis in Psoriasis. [Abstract]2022 May;142(5):1349-1359.e8. PMID: 34687744 -
Pharmaceutics
Functional pH-Responsive Nanoparticles for Immune Reprogramming in MSS Colorectal Cancer via ER Stress-Induced Proteostasis Disruption, PD-L1-Targeting miRNA, and TLR7 Activation. [Abstract]2025 Nov 20;17(11):1503. PMID: 41304839 -
J Ethnopharmacol
Melampodium divaricatum (Rich.) DC. extracts exert anti-inflammatory effects via inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome. [Abstract]2026 Oct 28:369:121903. PMID: 42202918 -
J Ethnopharmacol
Guarea microcarpa C. DC. extract inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome by suppressing its ATPase activity. [Abstract]2024 Apr 6:323:117711. PMID: 38176663 -
Virulence
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 negatively regulates antiviral immune response by disrupting myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 self-association. [Abstract]2023 Dec;14(1):2223394. PMID: 37332205 -
J Agric Food Chem
Yogurt Alleviates Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis by Activating the Lactate/GPR81 Signaling Axis in Mice. [Abstract]2024 Jan 17;72(2):1055-1066. PMID: 38170675 -
Inflamm Res
2026 Apr 17;75(1):93. PMID: 41998354 -
Int J Pharm
Co-delivering irinotecan and imiquimod by pH-responsive micelle amplifies anti-tumor immunity against colorectal cancer. [Abstract]2023 Dec 15:648:123583. PMID: 37940081 -
EMBO Rep
Licochalcone B specifically inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome by disrupting NEK7-NLRP3 interaction. [Abstract]2022 Feb 3;23(2):e53499. PMID: 34882936 -
Cancer Immunol Immunother
TLR8 agonists remodel the tumor immune microenvironment through PF4-dependent T cell recruitment and ancillary mechanisms. [Abstract]2026 Feb 12;75(3):77. PMID: 41677949 -
Cell Rep Methods
RECOVER identifies synergistic drug combinations in vitro through sequential model optimization. [Abstract]2023 Oct 23;3(10):100599. PMID: 37797618 -
Int Immunopharmacol
Casting NETs on Psoriasis: The modulation of inflammatory feedback targeting IL-36/IL-36R axis. [Abstract]2024 Sep 21;142(Pt B):113190. PMID: 39306890 -
ACS Appl Bio Mater
Polydopamine-Based Multifunctional Platform for Combined Photothermal Therapy, Chemotherapy, and Immunotherapy in Malignant Tumor Treatment. [Abstract]2019 Feb 18;2(2):874-883. PMID: 35016291 -
J Periodontal Res
Toll-Like Receptor 7 Promotes Periodontal Inflammation and Alveolar Bone Resorption Through the NF-κB Signaling Pathway. [Abstract]2025 Feb 25. PMID: 40007244 -
Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol
Neuromedin U Induces Pulmonary ILC2 Activation via the NMUR1 Pathway During Acute RSV Infection. [Abstract]2023 Mar;68(3):256-266. PMID: 36227802 -
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Eur J Pharm Sci
In Vitro Investigation of Tapinarof-Loaded Nanogels in an Imiquimod-induced HaCaT-THP-1 Co-Culture Model. [Abstract]2026 Mar 19:107510. PMID: 41864521 -
Sci Rep
Aiouea padiformis extract exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the ATPase activity of NLRP3. [Abstract]2024 Mar 4;14(1):5237. PMID: 38433281 -
J Cell Mol Med
Anti-inflammatory effect of Trichospira verticillata via suppression of the NLRP3 inflammasome in neutrophilic asthma. [Abstract]2024 Apr;28(8):e18356. PMID: 38668995 -
J Inflamm Res
2025 Mar 20:18:4213-4231. PMID: 40129872 -
FASEB J
Biphasic Regulation of TLR7/MyD88/IRF7-IFN-β Axis by Toxoplasma gondii Facilitates Immune Evasion. [Abstract]2025 Dec 15;39(23):e71278. PMID: 41307494 -
Arch Microbiol
A BCG-boosting subunit vaccine RS2/DMI induces Th1-polarized immunity by targeting RD6 and secretory antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. [Abstract]2025 Oct 6;207(11):290. PMID: 41051521 -
FEBS Lett
2021 Oct;595(19):2447-2462. PMID: 34387860 -
Tuberculosis
Diagnostic value of five Mycobacterium tuberculosis dormant highly expressed antigens in latent infections and immunogenicity assessment of a novel subunit vaccine PB2-DIMQ. [Abstract]2025 Oct 14:155:102698. PMID: 41108940 -
Biochem Biophys Res Commun
Sequential administration of delta-tocotrienol ameliorates radiation-induced myelosuppression in mice and non-human primates through inducing G-CSF production. [Abstract]2024 Apr 16:704:149661. PMID: 38417343 -
Ir J Med Sci
TLR7 modulates glioblastoma progression through PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and immune microenvironment remodeling. [Abstract]2025 Dec 13. PMID: 41389249 -
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bioRxiv
2024 Apr 20:2024.04.19.590338. PMID: 38659763 -
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Oxid Med Cell Longev
miR-124-3p Delivered Using Exosomes Attenuates the Keratinocyte Response to IL-17A Stimulation in Psoriasis. [Abstract]2022 Oct 12:2022:6264474. PMID: 36275890 -
Solvent & Solubility
DMSO : 25 mg/mL (70.15 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
H2O : 2 mg/mL (5.61 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (280 KB)
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SDS (252 KB)
- English - EN (252 KB)
- Français - FR (252 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (252 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (252 KB)
- Español - ES (252 KB)
- Swedish - SV (252 KB)
- Italian - IT (252 KB)
- Korean - KR (252 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (252 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Athina Angelopoulou, et al. Imiquimod - A toll like receptor 7 agonist - Is an ideal option for management of COVID 19. Environ Res. 2020 Sep; 188: 109858. [Content Brief]
[2]. Aditya K Gupta, et al. Imiquimod: a review. J Cutan Med Surg. Nov-Dec 2002;6(6):554-60. [Content Brief]
[3]. Yuji Kan, et al. Imiquimod suppresses propagation of herpes simplex virus 1 by upregulation of cystatin A via the adenosine receptor A1 pathway. J Virol. 2012 Oct;86(19):10338-46. [Content Brief]
[4]. Michael P Schön, et al. The small antitumoral immune response modifier imiquimod interacts with adenosine receptor signaling in a TLR7- and TLR8-independent fashion. J Invest Dermatol. 2006 Jun;126(6):1338-47. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H2O / DMSO | 1 mM | 2.8060 mL | 14.0300 mL | 28.0599 mL | 70.1498 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.5612 mL | 2.8060 mL | 5.6120 mL | 14.0300 mL | |
| DMSO | 10 mM | 0.2806 mL | 1.4030 mL | 2.8060 mL | 7.0150 mL |
| 15 mM | 0.1871 mL | 0.9353 mL | 1.8707 mL | 4.6767 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.1403 mL | 0.7015 mL | 1.4030 mL | 3.5075 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.1122 mL | 0.5612 mL | 1.1224 mL | 2.8060 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.0935 mL | 0.4677 mL | 0.9353 mL | 2.3383 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0701 mL | 0.3507 mL | 0.7015 mL | 1.7537 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0561 mL | 0.2806 mL | 0.5612 mL | 1.4030 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0468 mL | 0.2338 mL | 0.4677 mL | 1.1692 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Imiquimod maleate Related Classifications
HY-B0180B Related Classifications
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