Cat. No.: HY-B0649

Propofol

(Synonyms: 2,6-Diisopropylphenol)

24 Cited Publications

Customer Review

Based on 24 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Propofol potently and directly activates GABA_A receptor and inhibits glutamate receptor mediated excitatory synaptic transmission. Propofol has antinociceptive properties and is used for sedation and hypnotic.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity: 99.82%
CAS No.: 2078-54-8
Formula: C₁₂H₁₈O
Molecular Weight:178.27

Storage:

Pure form -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month

Propofol Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 2078-54-8

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Top Publications Citing

Use of MCE Products

Fluorescent Dye

Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Biological Activity
- Description
- IC₅₀ & Target
- Cellular Effect
- In Vivo
- Clinical Trial
Chemical Information
Publications (24)
Solvent & Solubility
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Purity & Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
Classifications
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

IC₅₀ & Target

GABA_A^[1]

All Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms :

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
A549	EC₅₀	9.55 mM Compound: 12; Diprivan(R)	Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 30318437]
GL261	IC₅₀	100 μM Compound: Propofol	Anti-proliferative activity against mouse GL261 cells assessed as cell viability incubated for 2 hrs by CCK8 assay Anti-proliferative activity against mouse GL261 cells assessed as cell viability incubated for 2 hrs by CCK8 assay	[PMID: 37861443]
L929	EC₅₀	4.73 mM Compound: 12; Diprivan(R)	Cytotoxicity against mouse L929 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against mouse L929 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 30318437]
Oocyte	EC₅₀	11.2 μM Compound: Propofol	Effective concentration against GABA-evoked chloride currents mediated by human Gamma-aminobutyric acid GABA-A receptor alpha2-beta2-gamma2L expressed in Xenopus oocytes Effective concentration against GABA-evoked chloride currents mediated by human Gamma-aminobutyric acid GABA-A receptor alpha2-beta2-gamma2L expressed in Xenopus oocytes	[PMID: 15801854]
Oocyte	EC₅₀	44 μM Compound: 1 (Propofol)	Direct activation of chloride current in Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing human alpha-1-beta-1-gamma-2 GABA-A receptor subunits Direct activation of chloride current in Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing human alpha-1-beta-1-gamma-2 GABA-A receptor subunits	[PMID: 9599235]
Oocyte	EC₅₀	5.2 μM Compound: propofol	Agonist activity at human alpha1beta2gamma2L GABAA receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes assessed as potentiation of GABA-induced current response by two-electrode voltage clamp electrophysiology assay Agonist activity at human alpha1beta2gamma2L GABAA receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes assessed as potentiation of GABA-induced current response by two-electrode voltage clamp electrophysiology assay	[PMID: 22029276]
Oocyte	EC₅₀	50 μM Compound: propofol	Agonist activity at human alpha1beta2gamma2L GABAA receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes assessed as potentiation of channel current response by two-electrode voltage clamp electrophysiology assay Agonist activity at human alpha1beta2gamma2L GABAA receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes assessed as potentiation of channel current response by two-electrode voltage clamp electrophysiology assay	[PMID: 22029276]
Oocyte	EC₅₀	8 μM Compound: 1 (Propofol)	Modulation of GABA-induced chloride currents in Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing human alpha-1-beta-1-gamma-2 GABA-A receptor subunits Modulation of GABA-induced chloride currents in Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing human alpha-1-beta-1-gamma-2 GABA-A receptor subunits	[PMID: 9599235]
Oocyte	IC₅₀	7.3 μM Compound: propofol	Antagonist activity at Torpedo californica nACh receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes assessed as inhibition of acetylcholine-induced current response Antagonist activity at Torpedo californica nACh receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes assessed as inhibition of acetylcholine-induced current response	[PMID: 22029276]
U-87MG ATCC	IC₅₀	>100 μM Compound: Propofol	Anti-proliferative activity against human U-87 MG cells assessed as cell viability incubated for 2 hrs by CCK8 assay Anti-proliferative activity against human U-87 MG cells assessed as cell viability incubated for 2 hrs by CCK8 assay	[PMID: 37861443]

In Vivo

Propofol (i.p.; 40 mg/kg) causes full recovery from sedation occurred 36.3 mins. There is residual antinociception when assessed by ECT but not when assessed by noxious heat^[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Clinical Trial

NCT Number	Sponsor	Condition	Start Date	Phase A549
NCT01329991	Plexxikon\|		2011-05	PHASE1

Chemical Information

CAS No. 2078-54-8
Appearance <18°C Solid,>18°C Liquid
Molecular Weight 178.27
Formula C₁₂H₁₈O
Color Light yellow to yellow
SMILES

OC1=C(C(C)C)C=CC=C1C(C)C
Synonyms

2,6-Diisopropylphenol
Structure Classification
- Phenols
- Monophenols
Initial Source
- Endogenous metabolite
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

Pure form	-20°C	3 years
	4°C	2 years
In solvent	-80°C	6 months
	-20°C	1 month

Publications (24)

All WBApoptosis AnalysisIHC

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Journal Impact Factor

Sci Adv

EphB1-NR2B receptor signaling in glutamatergic neurons of the ventroposteromedial thalamic nucleus regulates emergence from anesthesia. [Abstract]

2025 Dec 5;11(49):eadw7972. PMID: 41348875

Propofol purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Sci Adv. 2025 Dec 5;11(49):eadw7972. [Abstract]

Western blot analysis further showed that phosphorylation and protein expression of EphB1 were increased significantly under Propofol (120 mg/kg), Ketamine, or Isoflurane anesthesia.
Br J Pharmacol

A novel role of propofol and its analogues in arterial vasorelaxation and blood pressure reduction via inhibition of calcium activated chloride channel ANO1. [Abstract]

2026 Apr 29. PMID: 42055772
Int J Mol Med

Propofol upregulates MFG‑E8 in BV2 cells to inhibit pyroptosis mediated by the NF‑κB/NLRP3 pathway, thereby ameliorating ischemic‑reperfusion neuronal injury. [Abstract]

2026 May;57(5):115. PMID: 41789673
Drug Des Devel Ther

High-Dose Propofol Induces Cytotoxicity by Elevating Intracellular Ca2⁺ via GABAA Receptor and IP3R in HT22 Cells. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 10:20:566272. PMID: 41836532
Inflammation

Propofol Protects Against Hepatic Ischemia Reperfusion Injury via Inhibiting Bnip3-Mediated Oxidative Stress. [Abstract]

2021 Aug;44(4):1288-1301. PMID: 33496895

Propofol purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Inflammation. 2021 Aug;44(4):1288-1301. [Abstract]

The cell apoptosis of liver tissues of the I/R liver injury mice was detected using TUNEL staining. PRO propofol (40 mg/kg), I/R ischemia/reperfusion, AST aspartate aminotransferase, ALT alanine aminotransferase.

Propofol purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Inflammation. 2021 Aug;44(4):1288-1301. [Abstract]

PRO (Propofol 40 mg/kg) downregulated the expressions of Bnip3, Cleaved Caspase-3, and Bax, but upregulated the expression of Bcl-2 in the liver tissues of I/R liver injury mice.

Propofol purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Inflammation. 2021 Aug;44(4):1288-1301. [Abstract]

The expression of Bnip3 of H/R AML12 cells after PRO (Propofol, 6 μg/m.) treatment was determined by immunofluorescence.
FASEB J

Propofol Inhibits the Stem Characteristics and Tumor Growth of NSCLC by Altering the Expression and Localization of HDAC1. [Abstract]

2025 Dec 31;39(24):e71337. PMID: 41427950
Drug Dev Res

Asiaticoside enhances the effect of propofol on the invasion, ferroptosis and immune escape of bladder cancer. [Abstract]

2024 Sep;85(6):e22242. PMID: 39161064
Sci Rep

Effects of adjuvant propofol on antitumoral effects of carboplatin in experimental endometrial cancer: possible epigenetic associations. [Abstract]

2026 May 21. PMID: 42168257
Neurotoxicology

NUFIP1-engineered exosomes derived from hUMSCs regulate apoptosis and neurological injury induced by propofol in newborn rats. [Abstract]

2024 May:102:81-95. PMID: 38599287
Neurochem Res

Propofol Protects the Blood-Brain Barrier After Traumatic Brain Injury by Stabilizing the Extracellular Matrix via Prrx1: From Neuroglioma to Neurotrauma. [Abstract]

2024 Oct;49(10):2743-2762. PMID: 38951281
Hum Exp Toxicol

Protective effects of dexmedetomidine against propofol-induced memory impairment in developing rat involved Src and RARα. [Abstract]

2025 Jan-Dec:44:9603271251336467. PMID: 40296644
Front Biosci (Landmark Ed)

SIRT3 Enhances the Protective Role of Propofol in Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction via Activating Autophagy Mediated by AMPK/mTOR Pathway. [Abstract]

2022 Nov 8;27(11):303. PMID: 36472103
Discov Oncol

Propofol inhibits colon cancer cell stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition by regulating SIRT1, Wnt/β-catenin and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways. [Abstract]

2023 Jul 25;14(1):137. PMID: 37490168
Neuroscience

The study of beneficial effect and mechanism of propofol on TNF-α-induced p-Tau increase in HT22 hippocampal neurons. [Abstract]

2025 Nov 10:587:81-89. PMID: 41057130
BMC Anesthesiol

Propofol suppresses adipose-derived stem cell progression via PI3K/AKT-Wnt signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2022 Mar 9;22(1):65. PMID: 35264102
Eur J Neurosci

Dexmedetomidine attenuates propofol-induced apoptosis of neonatal hippocampal astrocytes by inhibiting the Bcl2l1 signalling pathway. [Abstract]

2021 Dec;54(11):7775-7789. PMID: 34734676
Exp Ther Med

Propofol reduces lipopolysaccharide‑induced cardiomyocyte injury in sepsis by activating SIRT1‑mediated autophagy. [Abstract]

2023 Mar 14;25(4):187. PMID: 37021065
Oncol Lett

Functional analysis of the effects of propofol on tamoxifen‑resistant breast cancer cells: Insights into transcriptional regulation. [Abstract]

2025 Feb 21;29(4):194. PMID: 40041408
Biochem Biophys Res Commun

Propofol ameliorates acute postoperative fatigue and promotes glucagon-regulated hepatic gluconeogenesis by activating CREB/PGC-1α and accelerating fatty acids beta-oxidation. [Abstract]

2022 Jan 1:586:121-128. PMID: 34839190
Oncol Lett

Propofol induces ROS-mediated intrinsic apoptosis and migration in triple-negative breast cancer cells. [Abstract]

2020 Jul;20(1):810-816. PMID: 32566008
Arch Oral Biol

Ganoderic acid A attenuates Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced adhesion molecule expression in gingival fibroblasts and tissues via inhibition of NLRP6 inflammasome activation. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 15:181:106429. PMID: 41108927
Res Sq

2026 Mar 11.
SSRN

2025 Sep 3.
SSRN

2025 Jun 18.

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (560.95 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

H₂O : 0.5 mg/mL (2.80 mM; Need ultrasonic)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

5.6095 mL

28.0473 mL

56.0947 mL

5 mM

1.1219 mL

5.6095 mL

11.2189 mL

10 mM

0.5609 mL

2.8047 mL

5.6095 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Concentration Concentration

Volume Volume

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Dilution Calculator

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

Concentration _(start) Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start) Volume _(start)

Concentration _(final) Concentration _(final)

Volume _(final) Volume _(final)

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (14.02 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (14.02 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (14.02 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:

It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.

The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: PBS

Solubility: 1 mg/mL (5.61 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: Saline

Solubility: 2.1 mg/mL (11.78 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic

Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 50% PEG300 50% Saline

Solubility: 8.33 mg/mL (46.73 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

%
DMSO +

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
%
+
+
%
Tween-80 + +
%
Saline +

The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (289 KB)
SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Korean - KR (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. R Nadeson, et al. Antinociceptive Properties of Propofol: Involvement of Spinal Cord Gamma-Aminobutyric acid(A) Receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther . 1997 Sep;282(3):1181-6. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
H₂O / DMSO	1 mM	5.6095 mL	28.0473 mL	56.0947 mL	140.2367 mL
DMSO	5 mM	1.1219 mL	5.6095 mL	11.2189 mL	28.0473 mL
	10 mM	0.5609 mL	2.8047 mL	5.6095 mL	14.0237 mL
	15 mM	0.3740 mL	1.8698 mL	3.7396 mL	9.3491 mL
	20 mM	0.2805 mL	1.4024 mL	2.8047 mL	7.0118 mL
	25 mM	0.2244 mL	1.1219 mL	2.2438 mL	5.6095 mL
	30 mM	0.1870 mL	0.9349 mL	1.8698 mL	4.6746 mL
	40 mM	0.1402 mL	0.7012 mL	1.4024 mL	3.5059 mL
	50 mM	0.1122 mL	0.5609 mL	1.1219 mL	2.8047 mL
	60 mM	0.0935 mL	0.4675 mL	0.9349 mL	2.3373 mL
	80 mM	0.0701 mL	0.3506 mL	0.7012 mL	1.7530 mL
	100 mM	0.0561 mL	0.2805 mL	0.5609 mL	1.4024 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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Propofol

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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Propofol

All Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms

Biological Activity

Chemical Information

Publications (24)

Solvent & Solubility

Purity & Documentation

References

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Propofol Related Classifications

HY-B0649 Related Classifications