モノクロタリン
Based on 48 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Monocrotaline is an 11-membered macrocyclic pyrrolizidine alkaloid. Monocrotaline inhibits OCT-1 and OCT-2 with IC50s of 36.8 µM and 1.8 mM, respectively. Monocrotaline has antitumor activity and is cytotoxic to hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Monocrotaline is used to induce a model of pulmonary hypertension in rodents. [2][6][8].
商品は「研究用試薬」です。人や動物の医療用・臨床診断用・食品用の製品ではありません。
研究用途以外に使用した場合、当社は一切の責任を負いかねます。
- 純度: 99.96%
- CAS 番号: 315-22-0
- 分子式: C16H23NO6
- 分子量:325.36
-
保管条件:
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)
To place orders, for customer services and technical support, please contact: MedChemExpress USA
Tel: 609-228-6898 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]
-
生物活性
-
化学情報
-
溶剤 & 溶解度
- 純度とドキュメンテーション
- 参考文献
-
Help & FAQs
-
Anti-Infection Compound Library
HY-L002
-
Natural Product Library
HY-L021
-
FDA-Approved Drug Library
HY-L022
-
Anti-Cancer Compound Library
HY-L025
-
Drug Repurposing Compound Library
HY-L035
-
Macrocyclic Compound Library
HY-L041
-
Anti-COVID-19 Compound Library
HY-L052
-
Medicine Food Homology Compound Library
HY-L055
-
Glycolysis Compound Library
HY-L058
-
Traditional Chinese Medicine Active Compound Library
HY-L065
-
FDA Approved & Pharmacopeial Drug Library
HY-L066
-
Alkaloids Library
HY-L071
-
Animal Disease Model Inducer Library
HY-L097
-
Tumorigenesis-Related Compound Library
HY-L100
-
Anti-Liver Cancer Compound Library
HY-L101
-
Anti-Cancer Natural Product Library
HY-L107
-
Plant-Sourced Natural Product Library
HY-L115
-
FDA-Approved Anticancer Drug Library
HY-L122
-
Human Metabolite Library
HY-L123
-
Heterocyclic Compound Library
HY-L138
-
Off-patent Drug Library
HY-L141
-
FDA-Approved Traditional Chinese Medicine Active Compound Library
HY-L163
-
Multi-Target Compound Library
HY-L176
-
Bioactive Compound Library Max
HY-L181
-
MCE Bioactive Compound Library
HY-L001V
-
Natural Product Library Plus
HY-L021P
-
Drug Repurposing Compound Library Plus
HY-L035P
-
FDA-Approved Drug Library Plus
HY-L022P
-
FDA-Approved Drug Library Mini
HY-L022M
-
Natural Product and Natural Product-Like Compound Library
HY-L021M
-
Bioactive Compound Library
HY-L001
-
Miao Ethnicity Medicine Compound Library
HY-L190
-
Heat-Clearing and Detoxification Traditional Chinese Medicine Compound Library
HY-L194
-
RO5 Drug-like Natural Product Library
HY-L200
-
High-Throughput Bioactive Compound Library
HY-L205
-
High-Throughput Natural Product Library
HY-L206
-
Ancient Chinese Classical Formulas Traditional Chinese Medicine Active Compound Library
HY-L209
-
Mass Spectrometry Human Metabolite Library
HY-L215
-
Antitussive and Antiasthmatic Traditional Chinese Medicine Active Compound Library
HY-L223
-
Diarrhea-Related Traditional Chinese Medicine Active Compound Library
HY-L224
-
Natural Product Diversity Scaffold Library
HY-L245
-
Mass Spectrometry Natural Product Library
HY-L262
-
Drug Fragment Library
HY-L904
MedChemExpress（MCE）の使用を引用している文献 Monocrotaline
More- Circ Res. 2025 Jan 17;136(2):e1-e19. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2019 Aug 7;10(1):3551. [Abstract]
- Adv Healthc Mater. 2025 Aug 11:e02810. [Abstract]
- Adv Healthc Mater. 2024 Aug 18:e2401909. [Abstract]
- J Nucl Med. 2025 Jan 3;66(1):98-103. [Abstract]
- Int J Biol Macromol. 2024 Jun 27:133514. [Abstract]
- Phytomedicine. 2024 Sep 7:135:156030. [Abstract]
- Free Radic Biol Med. 2025 Nov 8:243:414-433. [Abstract]
- Free Radic Biol Med. 2024 Apr 16:219:141-152. [Abstract]
- Clin Sci. 2025 May 7:CS20255922. [Abstract]
- Biomed Pharmacother. 2024 Oct 25:180:117614. [Abstract]
- J Transl Med. 2024 Aug 5;22(1):738. [Abstract]
- Biomed Pharmacother. 2021 Jan:133:111081. [Abstract]
- Stem Cell Res Ther. 2022 Jul 16;13(1):316. [Abstract]
- JCI Insight. 2024 Sep 24;9(20):e177926. [Abstract]
- Biochem Pharmacol. 2026 Mar 21:249:117920. [Abstract]
- Biochem Pharmacol. 2025 Nov 27:244:117572. [Abstract]
- Biochem Pharmacol. 2025 Apr 4:116932. [Abstract]
- J Ethnopharmacol. 2023 Oct 5:314:116544. [Abstract]
- Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2025 Feb;72(2):169-180. [Abstract]
- Respir Res. 2026 Apr 1;27(1):206. [Abstract]
- Respir Res. 2024 Apr 25;25(1):183. [Abstract]
- Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Jul 7;26(13):6525. [Abstract]
- Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Jun 1;24(11):9629. [Abstract]
- Front Pharmacol. 2021 Nov 11;12:758763. [Abstract]
- Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2023 Oct 1;325(4):C1058-C1072. [Abstract]
- Toxicology. 2025 Nov 26:520:154357. [Abstract]
- ACS Omega. 2026 Jun 3;11(23):34404-34419. [Abstract]
- Mediators Inflamm. 2026 Feb 23:2026:5524066. [Abstract]
- FASEB J. 2026 Feb 15;40(3):e71542. [Abstract]
- Bioengineered. 2022 Apr;13(4):10843-10856. [Abstract]
- J Cell Physiol. 2020 May;235(5):4422-4433. [Abstract]
- Sci Rep. 2024 May 30;14(1):12431. [Abstract]
- Cell Signal. 2025 Jan 9:111594. [Abstract]
- Am J Pathol. 2024 Aug 31:S0002-9440(24)00326-2. [Abstract]
- J Proteome Res. 2024 Jan 5;23(1):264-276. [Abstract]
- Saudi Pharm J. 2026 Jun 25;34(3):39. [Abstract]
- BMC Complement Med Ther. 2026 Apr 2;26(1):177. [Abstract]
- Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2020 Jan 1;386:114827. [Abstract]
- Immunol Lett. 2025 Jan 5:106974. [Abstract]
- BMC Pulm Med. 2023 Oct 12;23(1):386. [Abstract]
- Biomed Res Int. 2021 Nov 3:2021:1724722. [Abstract]
- Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2025 Jan 23:749:151385. [Abstract]
- J Pharm Pharmacogn Res. 2026 Jan 27.
- Res Sq. 2024 Jul 29.
- Res Sq. 2024 Aug 20.
- Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2022 Jun 17:2022:2782429. [Abstract]
- Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2021 Jan 28;2021:6621232. [Abstract]
Customer Validation & Images
-
WB
-
RT-PCR
-
IF
-
In Vivo Imaging
-
Histological Imaging/Staining
生物活性
|
OCT1 36.8 μM (IC50) |
OCT2 1852.6 μM (IC50) |
|
Cell Line
|
Type | Value | Description | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A204 | IC50 |
316 μg/mL
Compound: 14
|
Cytotoxicity against human A204 cells after 24 hrs by soft agar colony forming assay
Cytotoxicity against human A204 cells after 24 hrs by soft agar colony forming assay
|
[PMID: 3210016] |
| CHO | EC50 |
>100 μg/mL
Compound: 1
|
Toxicity against Cricetulus griseus CHO (Chinese hamster ovary) cell by MTT assay
Toxicity against Cricetulus griseus CHO (Chinese hamster ovary) cell by MTT assay
|
10.1016/jbse.2007.08.015 |
| KB | ED50 |
>100 μg/mL
Compound: Monocrotaline
|
Cytotoxicity against human KB cells
Cytotoxicity against human KB cells
|
[PMID: 7130986] |
| Sf9 | EC50 |
>100 μg/mL
Compound: 1
|
Toxicity against Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) Sf9 cells by MTT assay
Toxicity against Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) Sf9 cells by MTT assay
|
10.1016/jbse.2007.08.015 |
Monocrotaline a natural ligand exhibits dose-dependent cytotoxicity with potent antineoplastic activity. The in vitro cytotoxicity of monocrotaline is proved at IC50 24.966 μg/mL and genotoxicity at 2 X IC50 against HepG2 cells[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
-
Cell Line:HepG2 cells
-
Concentration:25, 50, 100 and 200 µg/mL
-
Incubation Time:48 h
-
Result:Induced apoptosis rate was dose-dependent.
Please do not refer to only one article to determine the experimental conditions. It is recommended to determine the optimal experimental conditions (animal strain, age, dosage, frequency and cycle, detection time and indicators, etc.) through preliminary experiments before the formal experiment.
MCT causes a pulmonary vascular syndrome in rats characterized by proliferative pulmonary vasculitis, pulmonary hypertension (PH), and cor pulmonale[3].
Among preclinical models of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), monocrotaline animal model offers the advantage of mimic several key aspects of human PAH, including vascular remodeling, proliferation of smooth muscle cells, endothelial dysfunction, upregulation of inflammatory cytokines, and right ventricle failure, requiring a single drug injection[4].
Changes in multiple pathways associated with the development of PH, including activated glycolysis, increased markers of proliferation, disruptions in carnitine homeostasis, increased inflammatory and fibrosis biomarkers, and a reduction in glutathione biosynthesis are observed with the injection of monocrotaline[5].
Monocrotaline (60 mg/kg; i.p.; single dose), followed by Astragaloside (ASIV) (10 and 30 mg/kg/day for 21 days), significantly increases pulmonary artery pressure and promotes pulmonary artery structural remodeling and right ventricular hypertrophy in rats[7].
Monocrotaline (60 mg/kg; i.p.; single dose) causes Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in rat models in 3-4 weeks[7].
Monocrotaline (60 mg/kg; i.p. Single dose), 7 days after surgery, exhibits dose-dependent cytotoxicity and shows potent antitumor activity in a rat model of left pneumonectomy [9].
NOTE: Monocrotaline is dissolved in 1 N HCl, diluted in sterile saline and adjusted to pH 7.0 with 1 N NaOH[7].
Administration: 60 mg/kg • sc • single dose • Control group: saline solution
Administration: 600 mg/kg • sc • once weekly for 4 weeks
(2) Extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from the circulation or lungs of mice with monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension induce right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) and pulmonary vascular remodeling when injected into healthy mice.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
| NCT Number | Sponsor | Condition | Start Date |
Phase
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT01329991 | Plexxikon| | 2011-05 | PHASE1 |
化学情報
-
CAS 番号 315-22-0
-
性状 Solid
-
分子量 325.36
-
分子式 C16H23NO6
-
Color White to off-white
-
SMILES
O=C(O[C@]1([H])CCN2[C@]1([H])C(CO3)=CC2)[C@H](C)[C@@](C)(O)[C@@](C)(O)C3=O
-
別名
Monocrotaline; Crotaline; クロタリン
-
Structure Classification
-
Initial Source
-
輸送条件
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
-
保管条件
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)
Publications (48)
-
Journal Impact Factor
-
Most Recent
-
Circ Res
2025 Jan 17;136(2):e1-e19. PMID: 39655444 -
Nat Commun
CD146-HIF-1α hypoxic reprogramming drives vascular remodeling and pulmonary arterial hypertension. [Abstract]2019 Aug 7;10(1):3551. PMID: 31391533
Monocrotaline purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Commun. 2019 Aug 7;10(1):3551. [Abstract]
CD146 protein expression in lungs with Monocrotaline (MCT, 50 mg/kg, i.p., 21 d)-induced PH in rats.
Monocrotaline purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Commun. 2019 Aug 7;10(1):3551. [Abstract]
CD146 mRNA expression in the lungs of rats during development of Monocrotaline (MCT, 50 mg/kg, i.p., 21 d)-induced PH.
Monocrotaline purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Commun. 2019 Aug 7;10(1):3551. [Abstract]
Representative immunofluorescence of CD146 (red) and αSMA (green) in small pulmonary arteries from rat lungs without or with Monocrotaline (MCT, 50 mg/kg, i.p., 21 d)-induced PH.
Monocrotaline purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Commun. 2019 Aug 7;10(1):3551. [Abstract]
Echocardiography measurements were carried out on anti-CD146- or mIgG-treated rats after 5 weeks of MCT (Monocrotaline, 50 mg/kg, i.p.) to determine PAAT, RVID, RVWT, TAPSE, CO, and CI (n = 10 rats per group).
Monocrotaline purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Commun. 2019 Aug 7;10(1):3551. [Abstract]
Representative images of H&E and immunofluorescent staining of PAs (20–50 μm or 51–100 μm in diameter) stained with αSMA (green). Monocrotaline treatment (MCT, 50 mg/kg, i.p., 21 d). Scale bar, 50 μm.
-
Adv Healthc Mater
Self-Assembled Tetrahedral Framework Nucleic Acids Alleviate Pulmonary Hypertension by Regulating Calcium Homeostasis. [Abstract]2025 Aug 11:e02810. PMID: 40785539 -
Adv Healthc Mater
A Non-Metallic Nanozyme Ameliorates Pulmonary Hypertension Through Inhibiting ROS/TGF-β1 Signaling. [Abstract]2024 Aug 18:e2401909. PMID: 39155419 -
J Nucl Med
Targeting Fibroblast Activation Protein for Molecular Imaging of Fibrotic Remodeling in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. [Abstract]2025 Jan 3;66(1):98-103. PMID: 39753365 -
Int J Biol Macromol
The mechanism of NRF2 regulating cell proliferation and mesenchymal transformation in pulmonary hypertension. [Abstract]2024 Jun 27:133514. PMID: 38944076 -
Phytomedicine
β-sitosterol alleviates pulmonary arterial hypertension by altering smooth muscle cell phenotype and DNA damage/cGAS/STING signaling. [Abstract]2024 Sep 7:135:156030. PMID: 39265206 -
Free Radic Biol Med
TRIB2 promotes pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation through SERCA2 ubiquitination in pulmonary hypertension. [Abstract]2025 Nov 8:243:414-433. PMID: 41213438 -
Free Radic Biol Med
TRPC4 aggravates hypoxic pulmonary hypertension by promoting pulmonary endothelial cell apoptosis. [Abstract]2024 Apr 16:219:141-152. PMID: 38636714 -
Clin Sci
LONP1 facilitates pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell glycolytic reprogramming by degrading MPC1 in pulmonary hypertension. [Abstract]2025 May 7:CS20255922. PMID: 40332105 -
Biomed Pharmacother
Dihydromyricetin treats pulmonary hypertension by modulating CKLF1/CCR5 axis-induced pulmonary vascular cell pyroptosis. [Abstract]2024 Oct 25:180:117614. PMID: 39461017 -
J Transl Med
Lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA)-mediated lactate generation promotes pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension. [Abstract]2024 Aug 5;22(1):738. PMID: 39103838 -
Biomed Pharmacother
Characteristics of inflammation process in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats. [Abstract]2021 Jan:133:111081. PMID: 33378977 -
Stem Cell Res Ther
Prostaglandin E1 reduces apoptosis and improves the homing of mesenchymal stem cells in pulmonary arterial hypertension by regulating hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha. [Abstract]2022 Jul 16;13(1):316. PMID: 35842683 -
JCI Insight
GCN2 kinase activation mediates pulmonary vascular remodeling and pulmonary arterial hypertension. [Abstract]2024 Sep 24;9(20):e177926. PMID: 39316438 -
Biochem Pharmacol
MnTBAP attenuates pulmonary hypertension-induced right ventricular dysfunction and remodeling by modulating the CaMKIIδ-SERCA2a signaling pathway. [Abstract]2026 Mar 21:249:117920. PMID: 41871719 -
Biochem Pharmacol
Downregulation of KLF2 impairs pulmonary endothelial function and promotes persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. [Abstract]2025 Nov 27:244:117572. PMID: 41318102 -
Biochem Pharmacol
Scutellarein ameliorates pulmonary arterial hypertension via sirtuin 1 mediated deacetylation of nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase. [Abstract]2025 Apr 4:116932. PMID: 40189160 -
J Ethnopharmacol
A modified Fangji Huangqi decoction ameliorates pulmonary artery hypertension via phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases/protein kinase B-mediated regulation of proliferation and apoptosis of smooth muscle cells in vitro and in vivo. [Abstract]2023 Oct 5:314:116544. PMID: 37088239 -
Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol
Smooth Muscle Cell-Specific LKB1 Protects Against Sugen5416/Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension through Inhibition of BMP4. [Abstract]2025 Feb;72(2):169-180. PMID: 39236291 -
Respir Res
Activation of α7nAChR prevents maladaptive right ventricular remodeling via inhibiting the recruitment of CCR2+ macrophages in experimental pulmonary arterial hypertension. [Abstract]2026 Apr 1;27(1):206. PMID: 41923075 -
Respir Res
Neutrophil extracellular traps promote proliferation of pulmonary smooth muscle cells mediated by CCDC25 in pulmonary arterial hypertension. [Abstract]2024 Apr 25;25(1):183. PMID: 38664728 -
Int J Mol Sci
Impact of Aerobic Training on Transcriptomic Changes in Skeletal Muscle of Rats with Cardiac Cachexia. [Abstract]2025 Jul 7;26(13):6525. PMID: 40650303 -
Int J Mol Sci
Quantitative Proteomic and Phosphoproteomic Profiling of Lung Tissues from Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Rat Model. [Abstract]2023 Jun 1;24(11):9629. PMID: 37298580 -
Front Pharmacol
2021 Nov 11;12:758763. PMID: 34858182 -
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol
Aloperine Protects Pulmonary Hypertension via Triggering PPARγ Signaling and Inhibiting Calcium Regulatory Pathway in Pulmonary Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells. [Abstract]2023 Oct 1;325(4):C1058-C1072. PMID: 37661916 -
Toxicology
Notch1-dependent hippocampal apoptosis is associated with monocrotaline-induced anxiety-like behavior. [Abstract]2025 Nov 26:520:154357. PMID: 41314588 -
ACS Omega
The N‑Glycoproteomic Landscape of the Lung in Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. [Abstract]2026 Jun 3;11(23):34404-34419. PMID: 42326732 -
Mediators Inflamm
Targeting Pulmonary Hypertension: Elucidating Sophocarpine's Protective Role via Preclinical Models. [Abstract]2026 Feb 23:2026:5524066. PMID: 41737847 -
FASEB J
2026 Feb 15;40(3):e71542. PMID: 41631386 -
Bioengineered
Chronic Sigma 1 receptor activation alleviates right ventricular dysfunction secondary to pulmonary arterial hypertension. [Abstract]2022 Apr;13(4):10843-10856. PMID: 35473584 -
J Cell Physiol
miR-181a/b-5p ameliorates inflammatory response in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension by targeting endocan. [Abstract]2020 May;235(5):4422-4433. PMID: 31637717 -
Sci Rep
Mechanisms of cordycepin in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats based on metabonomics and transcriptomics. [Abstract]2024 May 30;14(1):12431. PMID: 38816406 -
Cell Signal
NSD2 mediated H3K36me2 promotes pulmonary arterial hypertension by recruiting FOLR1 and metabolism reprogramming. [Abstract]2025 Jan 9:111594. PMID: 39798773 -
Am J Pathol
Methyltransferase-Like 3-Driven N6-Methyladenosine Modification of RBPJ Promotes Vascular Remodeling in Pulmonary Hypertension. [Abstract]2024 Aug 31:S0002-9440(24)00326-2. PMID: 39222906 -
J Proteome Res
Proteomic and Phosphoproteomic Analysis of Right Ventricular Hypertrophy in the Pulmonary Hypertension Rat Model. [Abstract]2024 Jan 5;23(1):264-276. PMID: 38015796 -
Saudi Pharm J
Fisetin alleviates pulmonary arterial hypertension by inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smad 2/3 signaling pathway. [Abstract]2026 Jun 25;34(3):39. PMID: 42347890 -
BMC Complement Med Ther
Hepatotoxicity prediction for traditional Chinese medicine: a two-step in silico framework integrating network and machine learning approaches. [Abstract]2026 Apr 2;26(1):177. PMID: 41923057 -
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol
miR-181b-5p inhibits endothelial-mesenchymal transition in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension by targeting endocan and TGFBR1. [Abstract]2020 Jan 1;386:114827. PMID: 31734320 -
Immunol Lett
Inhibition of glutaminase 1 reduces M1 macrophage polarization to protect against monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension. [Abstract]2025 Jan 5:106974. PMID: 39765314 -
BMC Pulm Med
Astragaloside IV restrains pyroptosis and fibrotic development of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells to ameliorate pulmonary artery hypertension through the PHD2/HIF1α signaling pathway. [Abstract]2023 Oct 12;23(1):386. PMID: 37828459 -
Biomed Res Int
miR-1226-3p Promotes eNOS Expression of Pulmonary Arterial Endothelial Cells to Mitigate Hypertension in Rats via Targeting Profilin-1. [Abstract]2021 Nov 3:2021:1724722. PMID: 34778448 -
Biochem Biophys Res Commun
p16INK4a promoted progress of MCT induced pulmonary hypertension via maintaining redox balance and autophagy pathway. [Abstract]2025 Jan 23:749:151385. PMID: 39864382 -
-
-
-
Oxid Med Cell Longev
Artemisinin and Its Derivate Alleviate Pulmonary Hypertension and Vasoconstriction in Rodent Models. [Abstract]2022 Jun 17:2022:2782429. PMID: 35757500 -
Oxid Med Cell Longev
S-Nitroso-L-Cysteine Ameliorated Pulmonary Hypertension in the MCT-Induced Rats through Anti-ROS and Anti-Inflammatory Pathways. [Abstract]2021 Jan 28;2021:6621232. PMID: 33574976
溶剤 & 溶解度
1M HCl : 100 mg/mL (307.35 mM; adjust pH to 1 with HCl)
DMSO : 25 mg/mL (76.84 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
H2O : 2 mg/mL (6.15 mM; Need ultrasonic)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
濃度 (開始) × 体積 (開始) = 濃度 (終了) × 体積 (終了)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (6.39 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (6.39 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Add each solvent one by one: 1% DMSO 99% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 0.5 mg/mL (1.54 mM); Clear solution
For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:
It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: PBS
Solubility: 4.17 mg/mL (12.82 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C
Add each solvent one by one: 20% HP-β-CD in Saline
Solubility: 21 mg/mL (64.54 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic and warming and heat to 53°C
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
-
-
-
-
Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
-
%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
-
%+
-
+%Tween-80 + +
-
%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL. * In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
純度とドキュメンテーション
-
データシート (294 KB)
-
SDS (584 KB)
- English - EN (584 KB)
- Français - FR (584 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (584 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (584 KB)
- Español - ES (584 KB)
- Swedish - SV (584 KB)
- Italian - IT (584 KB)
- Korean - KR (584 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (584 KB)
-
取扱説明書 (2659 KB)
参考文献
[1]. Gomez-Arroyo JG, et al. The monocrotaline model of pulmonary hypertension in perspective. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2012 Feb 15;302(4):L363-9. [Content Brief]
[2]. Wu XH, et al. Experimental animal models of pulmonary hypertension: Development and challenges. Animal Model Exp Med. 2022 Sep; 5(3):207-216. [Content Brief]
[3]. Kusuma SS, et al. Antineoplastic activity of monocrotaline against hepatocellular carcinoma. Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2014;14(9):1237-48. [Content Brief]
[4]. Jin H, et al. Astragaloside IV blocks monocrotaline‑induced pulmonary arterial hypertension by improving inflammation and pulmonary artery remodeling. Int J Mol Med. 2021 Feb;47(2):595-606. [Content Brief]
[5]. Wilson DW, et, al. Mechanisms and pathology of monocrotaline pulmonary toxicity. Crit Rev Toxicol. 1992;22(5-6):307-25. [Content Brief]
[6]. Chen JY, et al. An in vitro study on interaction of anisodine and monocrotaline with organic cation transporters of the SLC22 and SLC47 families. Chin J Nat Med. 2019 Jul;17(7):490-497. [Content Brief]
[7]. Nogueira-Ferreira R, et al. Exploring the monocrotaline animal model for the study of pulmonary arterial hypertension: A network approach. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2015 Dec;35:8-16. [Content Brief]
[8]. Zhao J, et al. Effects of paclitaxel intervention on pulmonary vascular remodeling in rats with pulmonary hypertension. Exp Ther Med. 2019 Feb;17(2):1163-1170. [Content Brief]
[9]. Rafikova O,et al. Metabolic Changes Precede the Development of Pulmonary Hypertension in the Monocrotaline Exposed RatLung. PLoS One. 2016 Mar 3;11(3):e0150480. [Content Brief]
[10]. Dumitrascu R, Kulcke C, Königshoff M, Kouri F, Yang X, Morrell N, Ghofrani HA, Weissmann N, Reiter R, Seeger W, Grimminger F, Eickelberg O, Schermuly RT, Pullamsetti SS. Terguride ameliorates monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats. Eur Respir J. 2011 May;37(5):1104-18. [Content Brief]
[11]. Aliotta JM, Pereira M, Wen S, Dooner MS, Del Tatto M, Papa E, Goldberg LR, Baird GL, Ventetuolo CE, Quesenberry PJ, Klinger JR. Exosomes induce and reverse monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in mice. Cardiovasc Res. 2016 Jun 1;110(3):319-30. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H2O / DMSO / 1M HCl | 1 mM | 3.0735 mL | 15.3676 mL | 30.7352 mL | 76.8380 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.6147 mL | 3.0735 mL | 6.1470 mL | 15.3676 mL | |
| DMSO / 1M HCl | 10 mM | 0.3074 mL | 1.5368 mL | 3.0735 mL | 7.6838 mL |
| 15 mM | 0.2049 mL | 1.0245 mL | 2.0490 mL | 5.1225 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.1537 mL | 0.7684 mL | 1.5368 mL | 3.8419 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.1229 mL | 0.6147 mL | 1.2294 mL | 3.0735 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.1025 mL | 0.5123 mL | 1.0245 mL | 2.5613 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0768 mL | 0.3842 mL | 0.7684 mL | 1.9209 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0615 mL | 0.3074 mL | 0.6147 mL | 1.5368 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0512 mL | 0.2561 mL | 0.5123 mL | 1.2806 mL | |
| 1M HCl | 80 mM | 0.0384 mL | 0.1921 mL | 0.3842 mL | 0.9605 mL |
| 100 mM | 0.0307 mL | 0.1537 mL | 0.3074 mL | 0.7684 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Monocrotaline 関連分類
HY-N0750 関連分類
Powered by Bioz