Maduramicin ammonium
Based on 2 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Maduramicin ammonium (Maduramycin ammonium) is isolated from the actinomycete Actinomadura rubra. Maduramicin ammonium (Maduramycin ammonium) is an anticoccidial agent for the the treatment of Eimeria spp., E. adenoeides, E. gallopavonis, and E. dispersa infection. Maduramicin ammonium (Maduramycin ammonium) induces cell apoptosis in chicken myocardial cells via intrinsic and extrinsic pathways.
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- 純度 : 99.89%
- CAS 番号: 84878-61-5
- 分子式: C47H83NO17
- 分子量:934.16
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保管条件:
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)
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生物活性
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化学情報
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溶剤 & 溶解度
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- 純度とドキュメンテーション
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MedChemExpress（MCE）の使用を引用している文献 Maduramicin ammonium
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生物活性
製品説明
IC50 & Target
IC50: bacterial; apoptosis[1]
体外実験
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Cell Line:C2C12 (mouse myoblasts), L6 (rat myoblasts)
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Concentration:0.5, 1, 2 μM
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Incubation Time:10 hours
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Result:Dose-dependently increased eIF2α phosphorylation and ATF4 expression, indicating activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress.
体内実験
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Animal Model:ICR mouse (Maduramicin-induced rhabdomyolysis model)[3]
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Dosage:3.5, 7 mg/kg
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Administration:Oral gavage (p.o.), once daily for 7 days
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Result:Significantly reduced body weight, increased AST, ALT, LDH, BUN, and CK levels; Caused that liver exhibited vacuolar degeneration, kidney showed renal tubular epithelial cell shedding, and myocardial and skeletal muscle fibers were disorganized and partially lysed.
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Animal Model:Wistar rats (Maduramicin-induced skeletal muscle injury model)
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Dosage:1.75, 3.5, 7 mg/kg
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Administration:Oral gavage (p.o.), once daily for 7 days
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Result:Dose-dependently increased LC3-II and p62 protein levels in skeletal muscle, indicating impaired autophagic flux; Upregulated eIF2α phosphorylation and ATF4 expression, activating endoplasmic reticulum stress; Increased AMPK phosphorylation, suggesting activation of the AMPK signaling pathway.
化学情報
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CAS 番号 84878-61-5
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性状 Solid
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分子量 934.16
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分子式 C47H83NO17
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Color White to light yellow
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SMILES
C[C@]1([C@]2([H])O[C@](C)([C@@]3([H])[C@H](C[C@@]([C@@]4([H])O[C@](O)([C@H](C)C[C@@H]4C)C)([H])O3)O[C@]5([H])C[C@@H]([C@@H](OC)[C@H](C)O5)OC)CC2)O[C@]6(O[C@]([C@H](C)[C@@H](O)C6)([H])[C@H]([C@@]7([H])[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](C)[C@](CC(O)=O)(O)O7)OC)OC)C)CC1.N
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別名
Maduramycin ammonium
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Structure Classification
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Initial Source
Streptomyces
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輸送条件
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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保管条件
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)
Publications (2)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Cell Rep
Controlling mitochondrial membrane architecture via MIC60 determines viral replication to promote anti-viral immunity. [Abstract]2025 Jul 22;44(7):115922. PMID: 40628273 -
Talanta
Fluorescence-activated cell sorting-based efficient screening of monensin monoclonal antibodies and applications in lateral flow immunoassay. [Abstract]2025 Oct 1:293:128128. PMID: 40222095
溶剤 & 溶解度
体外:
DMSO : 16.67 mg/mL (17.84 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
濃度 (開始) × 体積 (開始) = 濃度 (終了) × 体積 (終了)
体内:
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 1.67 mg/mL (1.79 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 1.67 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (16.7 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:
It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 50% PEG300 50% Saline
Solubility: 1.67 mg/mL (1.79 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL. * In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
プロトコル
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Research Protocol for Infectious Diseases
Infectious-disease experiments test how pathogens interact with host barriers, innate immune receptors, inflammatory signaling, pathogen replication, and tissue injury; pattern-recognition receptors such as TLRs, RIG-I-like receptors, NOD-like receptors, and inflammasomes detect microbial molecules and activate NF-κB, interferon, and cytokine responses. The central hypothesis is that infection severity reflects the balance between pathogen burden and host response: protective inflammation restricts pathogen growth, whereas excessive or mislocalized inflammation contributes to tissue damage and disease phenotype. Unresolved questions include which host pathways are protective versus pathogenic, why some infection models fail to translate to human disease, and which combined readouts best predict clinically relevant infection outcomes.
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Apoptosis
Apoptosis, also called programmed cell death, is generally characterized by distinct morphological characteristics.
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TUNEL staining for apoptotic DNA fragmentation
TUNEL staining detects DNA strand breaks by using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase to add labeled nucleotides to exposed 3′-OH DNA termini, generating either microscopic staining in fixed cells or tissue sections, or fluorescence/cytometric signal in cell suspensions. TUNEL positivity reflects DNA fragmentation but should not be interpreted alone as definitive apoptosis, because TUNEL can also label necrotic, autolytic, mechanically damaged, or DNA-repair-associated DNA breaks.
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Annexin V plus membrane-impermeant dye apoptosis staining
Annexin V-based apoptosis assays rely on the detection of phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization from the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane to the outer leaflet, an early biochemical hallmark of apoptosis. Fluorescently labeled Annexin V binds PS in a calcium-dependent manner, enabling identification of early apoptotic cells by flow cytometry or fluorescence microscopy. When combined with a membrane-impermeant DNA-binding dye (e. g. , propidium iodide), this approach allows discrimination between viable (Annexin V−/dye−), early apoptotic (Annexin V+/dye−), and late apoptotic or necrotic (Annexin V+/dye+) cell populations by assessing membrane integrity and PS exposure.
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Apoptosis Solutions
Apoptosis is a regulated, generally non-lytic cell-death pathway that removes unwanted, damaged, infected, or abnormal cells through coordinated morphological changes, caspase activation, DNA fragmentation, and membrane remodeling. The intrinsic apoptosis pathway is controlled mainly by mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, BCL-2 family proteins, cytochrome c release, apoptosome formation, caspase-9 activation, and downstream executioner caspase-3/7 activation. The extrinsic apoptosis pathway is initiated by death receptors such as Fas, TNFR, and TRAIL receptors, which recruit adaptor proteins and activate caspase-8 before engaging executioner caspases or mitochondrial amplification through BID cleavage. Apoptosis is linked to many phenotypes, including cancer cell killing, tissue homeostasis, immune regulation, neurodegeneration, infection response, and treatment-induced cytotoxicity; unresolved questions include how apoptosis interacts with necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptos
純度とドキュメンテーション
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取扱説明書 (2659 KB)
参考文献
[1]. McDougald LR, et al. Efficacy of maduramicin ammonium against coccidiosis in turkeys under laboratory and floor-pen conditions.Avian Dis. 1990 Jul-Sep;34(3):634-8. [Content Brief]
[2]. Gao X, et al.Maduramicin induces apoptosis in chicken myocardial cells via intrinsic and extrinsic pathways.Toxicol In Vitro. 2018 Aug;50:190-200. [Content Brief]
[3]. Gao X, et al. Ionophore Toxin Maduramicin Produces Haff Disease-Like Rhabdomyolysis in a Mouse Model. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Oct 27;17(21):7882. [Content Brief]
[4]. Chen X, et al. Maduramicin ammonium impairs autophagic flux through activating AMPK-mediated eIF2α-ATF4 endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway in skeletal muscle. J Sci Food Agric. 2024 Dec 11. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 1 mM | 1.0705 mL | 5.3524 mL | 10.7048 mL | 26.7620 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.2141 mL | 1.0705 mL | 2.1410 mL | 5.3524 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1070 mL | 0.5352 mL | 1.0705 mL | 2.6762 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.0714 mL | 0.3568 mL | 0.7137 mL | 1.7841 mL |
Maduramicin ammonium 関連分類
HY-N7071A 関連分類
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