Cat. No.: HY-127090

Muramyl dipeptide

(Synonyms: MDP)

11 Cited Publications

Customer Review

Based on 11 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Muramyl dipeptide (MDP) is a synthetic immunoreactive peptide, consisting of N-acetyl muramic acid attached to a short amino acid chain of L-Ala-D-isoGln. Muramyl dipeptide is an inducer of bone formation through induction of Runx2. Muramyl dipeptide directly enhances osteoblast differentiation by up-regulating Runx2 gene expression through MAPK pathways. Muramyl dipeptide is a NLRP1 agonist.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity: 99.07%
CAS No.: 53678-77-6
Formula: C₁₉H₃₂N₄O₁₁
Molecular Weight:492.48

Storage:

Powder -20°C, 3 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month

Muramyl dipeptide Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 53678-77-6

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Top Publications Citing

Use of MCE Products

Fluorescent Dye

Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Biological Activity
- Description
- IC₅₀ & Target
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
- Clinical Trial
Chemical Information
Publications (11)
Solvent & Solubility
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Purity & Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
Classifications
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

IC₅₀ & Target^[1]^[2]

p38 MAPK

NLRP1

All p38 MAPK Isoforms :

All NOD-like Receptor (NLR) Isoforms :

In Vitro

Muramyl dipeptide (0.1-10 μg/mL; 24 hours) increases protein expression of Runx2 in a dose-dependent manner^[1].
Muramyl dipeptide (0.1-10 μg/mL; 6 hours) increases mRNA levels of Runx2 in a dose-dependent manner^[1].
Muramyl dipeptide indirectly attenuates osteoclast differentiation through a decreased RANKL/OPG ratio^[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Western Blot Analysis^[1]

Cell Line:

MC3T3-E1 cells
Concentration:

0.1, 1, 10 µg/mL
Incubation Time:

24 hours
Result:

Increased protein expression of Runx2 in a dose-dependent manner.

RT-PCR^[1]

Cell Line:

MC3T3-E1 cells
Concentration:

0.1, 1, 10 µg/mL
Incubation Time:

6 hours
Result:

Increases mRNA levels of Runx2 in a dose-dependent manner.

In Vivo

Muramyl dipeptide (1.25 mg/kg; i.p.; twice) alleviates bone loss induced by osteoporosis^[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:

RANKL-induced osteoporosis model (Five-week-old C57BL/6 mice)^[1]
Dosage:

1.25 mg/kg
Administration:

i.p.; twice (RANKL-induced osteoporosis for 3 weeks and euthanized at 4 weeks)
Result:

Significantly enhanced the trabecular bone volume (BV/TV) and trabecular number (Tb.N).

Clinical Trial

NCT Number	Sponsor	Condition	Start Date	Phase A549
NCT01329991	Plexxikon\|		2011-05	PHASE1

Chemical Information

CAS No. 53678-77-6
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 492.48
Formula C₁₉H₃₂N₄O₁₁
Color White to off-white
SMILES

C[C@@H](C(N[C@@H](C(N)=O)CCC(O)=O)=O)NC([C@H](O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H](OC([C@@H]1NC(C)=O)O)CO)O)C)=O
Synonyms

MDP
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

Powder	-20°C	3 years
In solvent	-80°C	6 months
	-20°C	1 month

Publications (11)

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Nat Commun

Candida albicans Ssy1 is the extracellular sensor of gut microbiota-derived peptidoglycan fragments mediating invasive hyphal growth in the host. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 22;16(1):6737. PMID: 40695824
Sci Immunol

Upstream ORFs control TNFR1 abundance and tissue tolerance to TNF. [Abstract]

2026 Apr 3;11(118):eaeb6484. PMID: 41931597
J Exp Med

ERAdP facilitates biogenesis of dense core vesicles in Paneth cells to enhance intestinal defense. [Abstract]

2026 Feb 2;223(2):e20251051. PMID: 41474967
Cell Chem Biol

Discovery of bioactive peptidoglycan fragments from Lactobacillaceae that confer intestinal protection in hosts. [Abstract]

2026 Feb 9:S2451-9456(26)00025-5. PMID: 41666925
J Ethnopharmacol

Pilose antler peptide enhances diabetic fracture healing by modulating the CREB-Smad2/3-Runx2 signaling axis. [Abstract]

2025 Aug 30:354:120514. PMID: 40889600

Muramyl dipeptide purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Ethnopharmacol. 2025 Aug 30:354:120514. [Abstract]

Western blot analysis of p-Smad3, Runx2, OPN, and OCN protein levels and quantification. Runx2 agonist Muramyl dipeptide (MDP) (10 μg/mL; 24 h) partially restored osteogenic marker expression in Smad2/3-overexpressed MC3T3-E1 cells.
Int Immunopharmacol

VCPIP1 negatively regulates NF-κB signaling pathways by deubiquitinating and stabilizing Erbin in MDP-stimulated macrophages. [Abstract]

2024 Nov 16;143(Pt 3):113622. PMID: 39550842

Muramyl dipeptide purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Int Immunopharmacol. 2024 Nov 16;143(Pt 3):113622. [Abstract]

Muramyl dipeptide (MDP) (10 μg/ml, 1 h) enhanced the colocalization of VCPIP1 and Erbin in RAW264.7 cells.

Muramyl dipeptide purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Int Immunopharmacol. 2024 Nov 16;143(Pt 3):113622. [Abstract]

Muramyl dipeptide (MDP) (10 μg/ml, 1 h) treatment increased the protein expression of VCPIP1, Erbin, and the phosphorylation levels of IKKα/β, IκBα, and NF-κB in RAW264.7 cells.

Muramyl dipeptide purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Int Immunopharmacol. 2024 Nov 16;143(Pt 3):113622. [Abstract]

Muramyl dipeptide (MDP) (10 μg/mL, 6 h) significantly increased levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in the cultured supernatant of RAW264.7 cells.

Muramyl dipeptide purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Int Immunopharmacol. 2024 Nov 16;143(Pt 3):113622. [Abstract]

Muramyl dipeptide (MDP) (10 μg/ml, 1 h) induced increased nuclear p65 in both BMDMs from VCPIP1 KO and WT mice.
Sci Rep

Probenecid relieves LPS-induced neuroinflammation by modulating the NLRP1 inflammasome pathway in BV2 cells. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 8;15(1):35192. PMID: 41062518
J Bacteriol

NOD2/c-Jun NH2-Terminal Kinase Triggers Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae-Induced Macrophage Autophagy. [Abstract]

2020 Sep 23;202(20):e00689-19. PMID: 32778560
Mol Cell Biol

Unveiling the Role of Sik1 in Osteoblast Differentiation: Implications for Osteoarthritis. [Abstract]

2024 Aug 22:1-18. PMID: 39169784
bioRxiv

2025 Nov 11.
Research Square Preprint

2023 Aug 8.

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (203.05 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

H₂O : 50 mg/mL (101.53 mM; Need ultrasonic)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

2.0305 mL

10.1527 mL

20.3054 mL

5 mM

0.4061 mL

2.0305 mL

4.0611 mL

10 mM

0.2031 mL

1.0153 mL

2.0305 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Concentration Concentration

Volume Volume

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Dilution Calculator

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

Concentration _(start) Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start) Volume _(start)

Concentration _(final) Concentration _(final)

Volume _(final) Volume _(final)

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: 5 mg/mL (10.15 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic

This protocol yields a clear solution of 5 mg/mL.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (50.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: 5 mg/mL (10.15 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic

This protocol yields a clear solution of 5 mg/mL.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (50.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: 5 mg/mL (10.15 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic

This protocol yields a clear solution of 5 mg/mL. If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (50.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.

The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact

MedChemExpress (MCE) .

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (277 KB)
SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Korean - KR (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Park OJ, et al. Muramyl Dipeptide, a Shared Structural Motif of Peptidoglycans, Is a Novel Inducer of Bone Formation through Induction of Runx2. J Bone Miner Res. 2017 Jul;32(7):1455-1468. [Content Brief]

[2]. V Kaushal, et al. Neuronal NLRP1 inflammasome activation of Caspase-1 coordinately regulates inflammatory interleukin-1-beta production and axonal degeneration-associated Caspase-6 activation. Cell Death Differ. 2015 Oct;22(10):1676-86. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
H₂O / DMSO	1 mM	2.0305 mL	10.1527 mL	20.3054 mL	50.7635 mL
	5 mM	0.4061 mL	2.0305 mL	4.0611 mL	10.1527 mL
	10 mM	0.2031 mL	1.0153 mL	2.0305 mL	5.0763 mL
	15 mM	0.1354 mL	0.6768 mL	1.3537 mL	3.3842 mL
	20 mM	0.1015 mL	0.5076 mL	1.0153 mL	2.5382 mL
	25 mM	0.0812 mL	0.4061 mL	0.8122 mL	2.0305 mL
	30 mM	0.0677 mL	0.3384 mL	0.6768 mL	1.6921 mL
	40 mM	0.0508 mL	0.2538 mL	0.5076 mL	1.2691 mL
	50 mM	0.0406 mL	0.2031 mL	0.4061 mL	1.0153 mL
	60 mM	0.0338 mL	0.1692 mL	0.3384 mL	0.8461 mL
	80 mM	0.0254 mL	0.1269 mL	0.2538 mL	0.6345 mL
	100 mM	0.0203 mL	0.1015 mL	0.2031 mL	0.5076 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Keywords

Muramyl dipeptide

11 Cited Publications

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Muramyl dipeptide

Immunology/Inflammation Compound Library

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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Muramyl dipeptide

All p38 MAPK Isoforms

All NOD-like Receptor (NLR) Isoforms

Biological Activity

Chemical Information

Publications (11)

Solvent & Solubility

Purity & Documentation

References

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Muramyl dipeptide Related Classifications

HY-127090 Related Classifications