RKI-1447 dihydrochloride
Based on 4 publication(s) in Google Scholar
RKI 1447 dihydrochloride is a potent and selective ROCK inhibitor with IC50s of 14.5 and 6.2 nM for ROCK1 and ROCK2, respectively. RKI 1447 dihydrochloride suppresses colorectal carcinoma cell growth and promotes apoptosis.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity : 99.94%
- CAS No.: 1782109-09-4
- Formula: C16H16Cl2N4O2S
- Molecular Weight:399.29
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Storage:
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Protocols
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) RKI-1447 dihydrochloride
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Customer Validation & Images
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WB
Biological Activity
Description
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ROCK1 14.5 nM (IC50) |
ROCK2 6.2 nM (IC50) |
Apoptosis |
In Vitro
RKI 1447 suppresses phosphorylation of the ROCK substrates MLC-2 and MYPT-1 in human cancer cells, but has no effect on the phosphorylation levels of the AKT, MEK, and S6 kinase at concentrations as high as 10 μM[1].
RKI 1447 (0.003-10 μM) is potent at inhibiting the phosphorylation of the ROCK substrates MLC-2 and MYPT-1 in human cancer cells[1].
RKI 1447 exhibits effective anticancer activity in colorectal carcinoma (CRC). RKI 1447 (10-320 μM; 24 hours) drastically suppresses HCT-8 and HCT-116 cell growth[2].
RKI 1447 (20-80 μM; 24 hours) induces apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only. Further protocols information, click here.
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Cell Line:CRC cell lines HCT-8 and HCT-116 cells
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Concentration:0, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320 μM
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Incubation Time:24 hours
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Result:HCT-8 and HCT-116 viability was drastically decreased in a dose-dependent manner.
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Cell Line:CRC cell lines HCT-8 and HCT-116 cells
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Concentration:0, 20, 40, 80 μM
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Incubation Time:24 hours
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Result:Treatment promoted apoptosis.
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Cell Line:MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells
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Concentration:0.003, 0.01, 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3 ,10 μM
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Incubation Time:
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Result:Decreased the levels of P-MLC-2, but not total MLC-2, in a concentration-dependent manner with significant effects starting at 100 nM.
In Vivo
RKI 1447 (100 mg/kg; i.p.; once every 3 days; for 14 days) exerts antitumor activity on CRC in vivo. RKI 1447 does not exert physiological toxicity on the mice[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:MMTV/neu transgenic mice [FVB/N-Tg (MMTVneu) 202 Mul/J][1]
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Dosage:200 mg/kg
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Administration:Treated i.p. daily for 14 days
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Result:Tumors from mice treated with vehicle increased in size with an average percent change in tumor volume of 68.3%. In contrast, tumors from mice treated with the RKI-1447 increased in size with an average percent change in tumor volume of only 8.8%. Thus, RKI-1447 inhibited mammary tumor growth by 87%.
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Animal Model:5-week-old Male BALB/C nude mice[2]
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Dosage:100 mg/kg
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Administration:Intraperitoneally injected; once every 3 days; for 14 days
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Result:Efficiently blocked CRC tumor growth in vivo.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 1782109-09-4
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 399.29
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Formula C16H16Cl2N4O2S
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Color Off-white to light yellow
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SMILES
O=C(NC1=NC(C2=CC=NC=C2)=CS1)NCC3=CC=CC(O)=C3.[H]Cl.[H]Cl
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)
Publications (4)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Int J Mol Sci
A Functional Pipeline of Genome-Wide Association Data Leads to Midostaurin as a Repurposed Drug for Alzheimer's Disease. [Abstract]2023 Jul 28;24(15):12079. PMID: 37569459 -
Cell Signal
ROCK1 drives colorectal cancer liver metastasis via PRKCH-mediated bioenergetic reprogramming. [Abstract]2025 Oct 18:112174. PMID: 41115563 -
Virology
2024 Dec:600:110233. PMID: 39255726 -
Med Sci Monit
The Effects of RKI-1447 in a Mouse Model of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Induced by a High-Fat Diet and in HepG2 Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells Treated with Oleic Acid. [Abstract]2020 Feb 6:26:e919220. PMID: 32026851
RKI-1447 dihydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Med Sci Monit. 2020 Feb 6:26:e919220. [Abstract]
The effects of RKI-1447 on glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in a mouse model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) induced by a high-fat diet. The expression of the insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1) are shown. The mice were fed with a high-fat diet for 12 weeks. From the ninth week, the mice were treated orally with the ROCK inhibitor RKI-1447 (2 mg/kg to 8 mg/kg) twice weekly for three weeks.
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro:
DMSO : 50 mg/mL (125.22 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
H2O : < 0.1 mg/mL (insoluble)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
In Vivo:
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.26 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.26 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL. * In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Protocols
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Apoptosis
Apoptosis, also called programmed cell death, is generally characterized by distinct morphological characteristics.
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TUNEL staining for apoptotic DNA fragmentation
TUNEL staining detects DNA strand breaks by using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase to add labeled nucleotides to exposed 3′-OH DNA termini, generating either microscopic staining in fixed cells or tissue sections, or fluorescence/cytometric signal in cell suspensions. TUNEL positivity reflects DNA fragmentation but should not be interpreted alone as definitive apoptosis, because TUNEL can also label necrotic, autolytic, mechanically damaged, or DNA-repair-associated DNA breaks.
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Annexin V plus membrane-impermeant dye apoptosis staining
Annexin V-based apoptosis assays rely on the detection of phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization from the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane to the outer leaflet, an early biochemical hallmark of apoptosis. Fluorescently labeled Annexin V binds PS in a calcium-dependent manner, enabling identification of early apoptotic cells by flow cytometry or fluorescence microscopy. When combined with a membrane-impermeant DNA-binding dye (e. g. , propidium iodide), this approach allows discrimination between viable (Annexin V−/dye−), early apoptotic (Annexin V+/dye−), and late apoptotic or necrotic (Annexin V+/dye+) cell populations by assessing membrane integrity and PS exposure.
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Protocol for Cell Counting and Cell Density Analysis
Cell counting and cell-density analysis estimate the number of cells in a known volume or field area. Manual hemocytometer counting uses a chamber of defined geometry to convert counted cells into cells/mL, while automated counters and image-analysis workflows detect cell objects from optical, brightfield, fluorescence, impedance, or digital-image features. Trypan blue viability counting is based on dye exclusion: viable cells with intact membranes exclude dye, while non-viable cells with compromised membranes stain blue. The readout is total cell density, viable-cell density, dead-cell density, and percent viability. Cell density can also be estimated from microscopy images by counting objects per image area, from flow cytometry using calibrated volume or reference particles, or from in situ microscopy in bioreactors after calibration against reference methods such as hemocytometer or flow cytometry.
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Somatic Cell Culture
A method of simulating the in vivo environment in vitro to maintain the cell growth, differentation and main functions.
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Apoptosis Solutions
Apoptosis is a regulated, generally non-lytic cell-death pathway that removes unwanted, damaged, infected, or abnormal cells through coordinated morphological changes, caspase activation, DNA fragmentation, and membrane remodeling. The intrinsic apoptosis pathway is controlled mainly by mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, BCL-2 family proteins, cytochrome c release, apoptosome formation, caspase-9 activation, and downstream executioner caspase-3/7 activation. The extrinsic apoptosis pathway is initiated by death receptors such as Fas, TNFR, and TRAIL receptors, which recruit adaptor proteins and activate caspase-8 before engaging executioner caspases or mitochondrial amplification through BID cleavage. Apoptosis is linked to many phenotypes, including cancer cell killing, tissue homeostasis, immune regulation, neurodegeneration, infection response, and treatment-induced cytotoxicity; unresolved questions include how apoptosis interacts with necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptos
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CCK-8/WST-8 Cell Proliferation Assay
The CCK-8/WST-8 assay is based on the reduction of the water-soluble tetrazolium salt WST-8 to a water-soluble formazan product by cellular dehydrogenases in metabolically active cells, where the generated formazan amount is proportional to the number of living cells and is quantified by measuring absorbance in the visible range, providing a colorimetric readout for cell viability and proliferation assessment. This class of tetrazolium-based assays improves upon earlier MTT-based systems by producing a water-soluble formazan, eliminating the need for organic solubilization steps and enabling direct spectrophotometric measurement in culture medium.
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Cell Counting-Based Growth Curve Assay
Cell counting-based growth curve assays quantify cell proliferation by directly measuring changes in viable cell number over time using manual or automated counting methods such as hemocytometer-based counting or instrument-assisted cell enumeration, enabling construction of growth curves that reflect population expansion dynamics in response to culture conditions. A widely used approach is trypan blue exclusion with hemocytometer counting, where membrane-compromised (non-viable) cells take up the dye, allowing discrimination between viable and non-viable cells while simultaneously enabling total cell number quantification. Repeated sampling across time points allows estimation of proliferation rate, growth phases, and comparative growth kinetics between experimental conditions.
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MTT Cell Proliferation Assay
The MTT assay is a colorimetric endpoint assay for estimating viable cell number, cell growth, cytotoxicity, or cell activation in cultured mammalian cells. Living cells reduce the yellow tetrazolium salt MTT into purple/blue formazan, while dead cells do not generate the same signal; the resulting color can be quantified with a multiwell spectrophotometer. MTT reduction is commonly interpreted as a readout of metabolic activity that often correlates with viable cell number, but it should not be treated as a direct cell-counting method unless the assay is optimized for the cell type and experimental condition. Studies show that MTT reduction can involve mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial reducing systems, and formazan may accumulate in intracellular lipid droplets rather than simply marking mitochondria.
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Cell Viability Determination by MTT Colorimetric Assay
The following protocol uses the MTT colorimetric assay as a classic literature-established method for assessing cell viability/metabolic activity in cultured mammalian cells. MTT[3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] is reduced by metabolically active cells to a colored formazan product; the amount of formazan is quantified spectrophotometrically and provides an indirect measure of metabolically active viable cells. Importantly, MTT reduction reflects cellular oxidoreductase/metabolic activity rather than an absolute direct count of living cells, so changes in cellular metabolism can alter the signal independently of cell number.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (278 KB)
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SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Korean - KR (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Ronil A Patel, et al. RKI-1447 Is a Potent Inhibitor of the Rho-associated ROCK Kinases With Anti-Invasive and Antitumor Activities in Breast Cancer. Cancer Res. 2012 Oct 1;72(19):5025-34. [Content Brief]
[2]. Liyi Li, et al. RKI-1447 Suppresses Colorectal Carcinoma Cell Growth via Disrupting Cellular Bioenergetics and Mitochondrial Dynamics. J Cell Physiol. 2020 Jan;235(1):254-266. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
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| DMSO | 1 mM | 2.5044 mL | 12.5222 mL | 25.0445 mL | 62.6111 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.5009 mL | 2.5044 mL | 5.0089 mL | 12.5222 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2504 mL | 1.2522 mL | 2.5044 mL | 6.2611 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.1670 mL | 0.8348 mL | 1.6696 mL | 4.1741 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.1252 mL | 0.6261 mL | 1.2522 mL | 3.1306 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.1002 mL | 0.5009 mL | 1.0018 mL | 2.5044 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.0835 mL | 0.4174 mL | 0.8348 mL | 2.0870 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0626 mL | 0.3131 mL | 0.6261 mL | 1.5653 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0501 mL | 0.2504 mL | 0.5009 mL | 1.2522 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0417 mL | 0.2087 mL | 0.4174 mL | 1.0435 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0313 mL | 0.1565 mL | 0.3131 mL | 0.7826 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0250 mL | 0.1252 mL | 0.2504 mL | 0.6261 mL |
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