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Results for "

disulfide groups

" in MedChemExpress (MCE) Product Catalog:

By Targets:	PDI (4) ADC Linker (2) ADC Payload (1) Bacterial (2) Biochemical Assay Reagents (9) Fungal (2) HIV (2) Lipocalin Family (1) Microtubule/Tubulin (1) Reference Standards (3)
By Research Areas:	Cancer (7) Infection (3) Inflammation/Immunology (2) Metabolic Disease (1) Neurological Disease (1)
Click Chemistry:	Azide (1) Alkynes (2)

Inhibitors & Agonists

Screening Libraries

Biochemical Assay Reagents

Peptides

Click Chemistry

Targets Recommended: PDI

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Areas	Chemical Structure

HY-NP008

β-Lactoglobulin	Lipocalin Family	Inflammation/Immunology
β-Lactoglobulin, a major whey protein, is a small globular protein from the lipocalin family. β-Lactoglobulin is an important source of the essential and branched-chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, and valine). β-Lactoglobulin shows antioxidant properties, because it contains two disulfide bonds and one free thiol group. β-Lactoglobulin is a ligand transport agent. β-Lactoglobulin is one of the major allergens in milk and can be utilized in the research for developing safe hypoallergenic dairy products .

HY-100216

SPDP 5 Publications Verification SPDP Crosslinker; Py-ds-Prp-OSu	ADC Linker	Cancer
SPDP (SPDP Crosslinker) is a short-chain crosslinker for amine-to-sulfhydryl conjugation via NHS-ester and pyridyldithiol reactive groups that form cleavable (reducible) disulfide bonds with cysteine sulfhydryls. It is a glutathione cleavable ADC linker used for the antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) .

HY-Y1666

2,2′-Dipyridyl disulfide	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Others
2,2′-Dipyridyl disulfide is a useful reagent for the determination of sulfhydryl groups. 2,2′-Dipyridyl disulfide is a common reagent in peptide chemistry, often used in oxidation–reduction condensations to form peptide bonds or in coupling reactions to form disulfide-linked heterodimers .

HY-15917A

L-Dithiothreitol 2 Publications Verification	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Others
L-Dithiothreitol (DTT) is a reducing agent commonly used in various biochemical applications to break disulfide bonds in proteins, thereby denaturing proteins or preventing the formation of unwanted aggregates. DTT has a unique chemical property that cleaves the sulfur-sulfur bond in the disulfide bond to form a sulfhydryl group. This makes it a useful tool for protein purification, enzyme assays, and protein structure studies.

HY-100433

PACMA 31 5 Publications Verification	PDI	Cancer
PACMA 31 is an irreversible, orally active *protein disulfide* isomerase (PDI) inhibitor with an IC₅₀** of 10 μM. PACMA 31 forms a covalent bond with the active site cysteines of PDI. PACMA 31 shows tumor targeting ability and significantly suppresses ovarian tumor growth without causing toxicity to normal tissues . PACMA 31 is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.

HY-117570

KSC-34	PDI	Neurological Disease
KSC-34, a covalent modifier of *protein disulfide* isomerase A1 (PDIA1), is also a selective and potent a-site inhibitor of PDIA1 with an IC₅₀** of 3.5 μM. KSC-34 displays a 30-fold selectivity for a domain over a′ domain and displays high selectivity for PDIA1 in complex proteomes with minimal engagement of other members of the PDI family . KSC-34 is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.

HY-130080

DM3 Maytansinoid DM3	ADC Payload Microtubule/Tubulin	Cancer
DM3 (Maytansinoid DM3), a Maytansine (HY-13674) analog bearing disulfide or thiol groups, and is a tubulin inhibitor. DM3 a cytotoxic moiety of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) .

HY-W106411

DTME Dithio-bis-maleimidoethane	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Others
DTME (dithio-bis-maleimidoethane) is a homobifunctional, maleimide crosslinker specifically designed for conjugation between sulfhydryl groups (-SH). DTME, whose molecular structure consists of two maleimide groups connected by an ethylene disulfide bridge, can specifically react with thiol - containing molecules (such as cysteine residues) to form stable covalent bonds. DTME allows crosslinks that can be cleaved with reducing agents such as DTT (HY-15917). DTME is commonly utilized to explore and characterize protein structure, particularly oligomerization, or protein interactions .

HY-B0178B

6M Guanidine hydrochloride Solution 6M Guanidinium chloride Solution; 6M Aminoformamidine hydrochloride Solution	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Others
6M Guanidine hydrochloride Solution (6M Guanidinium chloride Solution) is a strong protein denaturant. 6M Guanidine hydrochloride Solution causes proteins to assume a random coil conformation .

HY-W014316

5-Bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane	Bacterial Fungal	Infection
5-Bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent active against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. 5-Bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane oxidizes free thiol groups to their corresponding disulfides. 5-Bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane induces intracellular substance leakage in Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. 5-Bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane modulates the oxygen consumption of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus .

HY-P4087

Cys(Npys)-(Arg)9	HIV	Infection Cancer
Cys(Npys)-(Arg)9 is a synthetic cationic cell-penetrating peptide with a reversible thiol-reactive nitropyridyl (Npys) group. Cys(Npys)-(Arg)9 efficiently mediates the internalization and delivery of various "cargo" such as proteins and antibodies by forming reversible disulfide bonds with surface-exposed cysteine residues. Cys(Npys)-(Arg)9 endows TALEN proteins with cell-penetrating activity, enabling gene knockout in mammalian cells and protein transduction in wheat microspores. Cys(Npys)-(Arg)9 can be conjugated with antibodies to form cationized IgG for enhancing endosomal escape of oligonucleotides, or form siRNA delivery complexes. When the molar ratio of Cys(Npys)-(Arg)9 to loaded molecules is higher than 1:1, it exerts certain cytotoxic effects on cells. Cys(Npys)-(Arg)9 can be used in studies related to oral squamous cell carcinoma and HIV infection .

HY-129654

MTSES sodium Sodium (2-Sulfonatoethyl)methanethiosulfonate	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Others
MTSES sodium (Sodium (2-Sulfonatoethyl)methanethiosulfonate) is a negatively charged, membrane-impermeable methanethiosulfonate (MTS). MTS is a compound that reacts with sulfhydryl groups to form mixed disulfide bonds and is often used to study cysteine ??residues on proteins.

HY-P4087B

Cys(Npys)-(Arg)9 acetate	HIV	Others
Cys(Npys)-(Arg)9 acetate is a synthetic cationic cell-penetrating peptide with a reversible thiol-reactive nitropyridyl (Npys) group. Cys(Npys)-(Arg)9 acetate efficiently mediates the internalization and delivery of various "cargo" such as proteins and antibodies by forming reversible disulfide bonds with surface-exposed cysteine residues. Cys(Npys)-(Arg)9 acetate endows TALEN proteins with cell-penetrating activity, enabling gene knockout in mammalian cells and protein transduction in wheat microspores. Cys(Npys)-(Arg)9 acetate can be conjugated with antibodies to form cationized IgG for enhancing endosomal escape of oligonucleotides, or form siRNA delivery complexes. When the molar ratio of Cys(Npys)-(Arg)9 acetate to loaded molecules is higher than 1:1, it exerts certain cytotoxic effects on cells. Cys(Npys)-(Arg)9 acetate can be used in studies related to oral squamous cell carcinoma and HIV infection .

HY-W800651

Biotin-SS-Amine hydrochloride	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Others
Biotin-SS-Amine hydrochloride is a cleavable biotinylation reagent. The amine group can react with carboxylic acids, activated NHS esters and other carbonyl groups. The disulfide bond in this linker can be cleaved using reducing agents such as DTT, BME and TCEP.

HY-W190951

3-((2-(2,2,2-Trifluoroacetamido)ethyl)disulfanyl)propanoic acid	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Others
3-((2-(2,2,2-Trifluoroacetamido)ethyl)disulfanyl)propanoic acid is a cleavable linker containing a carboxylic acid. The terminal carboxylic acid can be reacted with primary amine groups in the presence of activators (e.g. EDC, or HATU) to form a stable amide bond. The disulfide bond can be cleaved via reduction reactions.

HY-W014316R

5-Bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane (Standard)	Reference Standards Bacterial Fungal	Infection
5-Bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane (Standard) is the analytical standard of 5-Bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane (HY-W014316). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 5-Bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent active against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. 5-Bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane oxidizes free thiol groups to their corresponding disulfides. 5-Bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane induces intracellular substance leakage in Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. 5-Bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane modulates the oxygen consumption of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus .

HY-W591325

4-((5-Nitropyridin-2-yl)disulfanyl)pentanoic acid	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Others
4-((5-Nitropyridin-2-yl)disulfanyl)pentanoic acid is a synthetic building block with terminal nitro and carboxylic acid groups with a disulfide bond in the center.

HY-W591360

Iodoacetamido-PEG6-azide	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Others
Iodoacetamido-PEG6-azide is an aqueous soluble PEG linker containing an azide and a terminal Iodoacetamido group. The azide group can react with alkyne, BCN, DBCO via Click Chemistry to yield a stable triazole linkage. The Iodoacetamido moiety is commonly used to bind covalently with the thiol group of cysteine so the protein cannot form disulfide bonds.

HY-W015811

3-N-Propylphenol	PDI	Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
3-N-Propylphenol is a small phenolic derivative containing a hydroxyl aryl group that competitively inhibits the binding of the peptide to *pancreatic-specific protein disulfide* isomerase (PDIp**). 3-Propylphenol can be used for research on pancreatic-related diseases .

HY-100216R

SPDP (Standard) SPDP Crosslinker (Standard); Py-ds-Prp-OSu (Standard)	ADC Linker Reference Standards	Cancer
SPDP (Standard) is the analytical standard of SPDP (HY-100216). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. SPDP (SPDP Crosslinker) is a short-chain crosslinker for amine-to-sulfhydryl conjugation via NHS-ester and pyridyldithiol reactive groups that form cleavable (reducible) disulfide bonds with cysteine sulfhydryls. It is a glutathione cleavable ADC linker used for the antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) .

HY-100433R

PACMA 31 (Standard)	PDI Reference Standards	Cancer
PACMA 31 (Standard) is the analytical standard of PACMA 31 (HY-100433). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. PACMA 31 is an irreversible, orally active protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) inhibitor with an IC50 of 10 μM. PACMA 31 forms a covalent bond with the active site cysteines of PDI. PACMA 31 shows tumor targeting ability and significantly suppresses ovarian tumor growth without causing toxicity to normal tissues . PACMA 31 is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.

Cat. No.	Product Name

HY-L036

Covalent Screening Library	1,546 compounds
Small molecule covalent inhibitors, or irreversible inhibitors, are a type of inhibitors that exert their biological functions by irreversibly binding to target through covalent bonds. Compared with non-covalent inhibitors, covalent inhibitors have obvious advantages in bioactivity, such that covalent warheads can target rare residues of a particular target protein, thus leading to the development of highly selective inhibitors and achieving a more complete and continued target occupancy in living systems. In recent years, the distinct strengths of covalent inhibitors in overcoming drug resistance had been recognized. However, toxicity can be a real challenge related to this class of therapeutics due to their potential for off-target reactivity and has led to these drugs being disfavored as a drug class. The drug design and optimization of covalent inhibitors has become a hot spot in drug discovery. MCE covalent inhibitor library contains 1,546 small molecules including identified covalent inhibitors and other bioactive molecules having common covalent reactive groups as warheads, such as acrylamides, activated terminal acetylenes, Sulfonyl fluorides/esters, cloracetamides, alkyl halides, epoxides, aziridines, disulfides, etc.

Covalent Screening Library

1,546 compounds

Small molecule covalent inhibitors, or irreversible inhibitors, are a type of inhibitors that exert their biological functions by irreversibly binding to target through covalent bonds. Compared with non-covalent inhibitors, covalent inhibitors have obvious advantages in bioactivity, such that covalent warheads can target rare residues of a particular target protein, thus leading to the development of highly selective inhibitors and achieving a more complete and continued target occupancy in living systems. In recent years, the distinct strengths of covalent inhibitors in overcoming drug resistance had been recognized. However, toxicity can be a real challenge related to this class of therapeutics due to their potential for off-target reactivity and has led to these drugs being disfavored as a drug class. The drug design and optimization of covalent inhibitors has become a hot spot in drug discovery.

MCE covalent inhibitor library contains 1,546 small molecules including identified covalent inhibitors and other bioactive molecules having common covalent reactive groups as warheads, such as acrylamides, activated terminal acetylenes, Sulfonyl fluorides/esters, cloracetamides, alkyl halides, epoxides, aziridines, disulfides, etc.

HY-L036P

Covalent Screening Library Plus	5,994 compounds
Small molecule covalent inhibitors, or irreversible inhibitors, are a type of inhibitors that exert their biological functions by irreversibly binding to target through covalent bonds. Compared with non-covalent inhibitors, covalent inhibitors have obvious advantages in bioactivity, such that covalent warheads can target rare residues of a particular target protein, thus leading to the development of highly selective inhibitors and achieving a more complete and continued target occupancy in living systems. In recent years, the distinct strengths of covalent inhibitors in overcoming drug resistance had been recognized. However, toxicity can be a real challenge related to this class of therapeutics due to their potential for off-target reactivity and has led to these drugs being disfavored as a drug class. The drug design and optimization of covalent inhibitors has become a hot spot in drug discovery. MCE covalent inhibitor library contains 5,994 small molecules including identified covalent inhibitors and other molecules having common covalent reactive groups as warheads, such as acrylamides, activated terminal acetylenes, sulfonyl fluorides/esters, cloracetamides, alkyl halides, epoxides, aziridines, disulfides, etc. MCE Covalent inhibitor Library plus, with more powerful screening capability, further complement Covalent inhibitor Library (HY-L036) by adding some fragment compounds with covalent warheads.

Covalent Screening Library Plus

5,994 compounds

MCE covalent inhibitor library contains 5,994 small molecules including identified covalent inhibitors and other molecules having common covalent reactive groups as warheads, such as acrylamides, activated terminal acetylenes, sulfonyl fluorides/esters, cloracetamides, alkyl halides, epoxides, aziridines, disulfides, etc.

MCE Covalent inhibitor Library plus, with more powerful screening capability, further complement Covalent inhibitor Library (HY-L036) by adding some fragment compounds with covalent warheads.

Cat. No.	Product Name	Type

HY-NP008

β-Lactoglobulin	Biochemical Assay Reagents
β-Lactoglobulin, a major whey protein, is a small globular protein from the lipocalin family. β-Lactoglobulin is an important source of the essential and branched-chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, and valine). β-Lactoglobulin shows antioxidant properties, because it contains two disulfide bonds and one free thiol group. β-Lactoglobulin is a ligand transport agent. β-Lactoglobulin is one of the major allergens in milk and can be utilized in the research for developing safe hypoallergenic dairy products .

β-Lactoglobulin

Biochemical Assay Reagents

β-Lactoglobulin, a major whey protein, is a small globular protein from the lipocalin family. β-Lactoglobulin is an important source of the essential and branched-chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, and valine). β-Lactoglobulin shows antioxidant properties, because it contains two disulfide bonds and one free thiol group. β-Lactoglobulin is a ligand transport agent. β-Lactoglobulin is one of the major allergens in milk and can be utilized in the research for developing safe hypoallergenic dairy products .

HY-15917A

L-Dithiothreitol 2 Publications Verification	Biochemical Assay Reagents
L-Dithiothreitol (DTT) is a reducing agent commonly used in various biochemical applications to break disulfide bonds in proteins, thereby denaturing proteins or preventing the formation of unwanted aggregates. DTT has a unique chemical property that cleaves the sulfur-sulfur bond in the disulfide bond to form a sulfhydryl group. This makes it a useful tool for protein purification, enzyme assays, and protein structure studies.

L-Dithiothreitol

2 Publications Verification

Biochemical Assay Reagents

L-Dithiothreitol (DTT) is a reducing agent commonly used in various biochemical applications to break disulfide bonds in proteins, thereby denaturing proteins or preventing the formation of unwanted aggregates. DTT has a unique chemical property that cleaves the sulfur-sulfur bond in the disulfide bond to form a sulfhydryl group. This makes it a useful tool for protein purification, enzyme assays, and protein structure studies.

HY-B0178B

6M Guanidine hydrochloride Solution 6M Guanidinium chloride Solution; 6M Aminoformamidine hydrochloride Solution	Biochemical Assay Reagents
6M Guanidine hydrochloride Solution (6M Guanidinium chloride Solution) is a strong protein denaturant. 6M Guanidine hydrochloride Solution causes proteins to assume a random coil conformation .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Area

HY-P4087

Cys(Npys)-(Arg)9	HIV	Infection Cancer
Cys(Npys)-(Arg)9 is a synthetic cationic cell-penetrating peptide with a reversible thiol-reactive nitropyridyl (Npys) group. Cys(Npys)-(Arg)9 efficiently mediates the internalization and delivery of various "cargo" such as proteins and antibodies by forming reversible disulfide bonds with surface-exposed cysteine residues. Cys(Npys)-(Arg)9 endows TALEN proteins with cell-penetrating activity, enabling gene knockout in mammalian cells and protein transduction in wheat microspores. Cys(Npys)-(Arg)9 can be conjugated with antibodies to form cationized IgG for enhancing endosomal escape of oligonucleotides, or form siRNA delivery complexes. When the molar ratio of Cys(Npys)-(Arg)9 to loaded molecules is higher than 1:1, it exerts certain cytotoxic effects on cells. Cys(Npys)-(Arg)9 can be used in studies related to oral squamous cell carcinoma and HIV infection .

HY-P4087B

Cys(Npys)-(Arg)9 acetate	HIV	Others
Cys(Npys)-(Arg)9 acetate is a synthetic cationic cell-penetrating peptide with a reversible thiol-reactive nitropyridyl (Npys) group. Cys(Npys)-(Arg)9 acetate efficiently mediates the internalization and delivery of various "cargo" such as proteins and antibodies by forming reversible disulfide bonds with surface-exposed cysteine residues. Cys(Npys)-(Arg)9 acetate endows TALEN proteins with cell-penetrating activity, enabling gene knockout in mammalian cells and protein transduction in wheat microspores. Cys(Npys)-(Arg)9 acetate can be conjugated with antibodies to form cationized IgG for enhancing endosomal escape of oligonucleotides, or form siRNA delivery complexes. When the molar ratio of Cys(Npys)-(Arg)9 acetate to loaded molecules is higher than 1:1, it exerts certain cytotoxic effects on cells. Cys(Npys)-(Arg)9 acetate can be used in studies related to oral squamous cell carcinoma and HIV infection .

Cat. No.	Product Name		Classification

HY-100433

PACMA 31 5 Publications Verification		Alkynes
PACMA 31 is an irreversible, orally active *protein disulfide* isomerase (PDI) inhibitor with an IC₅₀** of 10 μM. PACMA 31 forms a covalent bond with the active site cysteines of PDI. PACMA 31 shows tumor targeting ability and significantly suppresses ovarian tumor growth without causing toxicity to normal tissues . PACMA 31 is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.

HY-117570

KSC-34		Alkynes
KSC-34, a covalent modifier of *protein disulfide* isomerase A1 (PDIA1), is also a selective and potent a-site inhibitor of PDIA1 with an IC₅₀** of 3.5 μM. KSC-34 displays a 30-fold selectivity for a domain over a′ domain and displays high selectivity for PDIA1 in complex proteomes with minimal engagement of other members of the PDI family . KSC-34 is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.

HY-W591360

Iodoacetamido-PEG6-azide		Azide
Iodoacetamido-PEG6-azide is an aqueous soluble PEG linker containing an azide and a terminal Iodoacetamido group. The azide group can react with alkyne, BCN, DBCO via Click Chemistry to yield a stable triazole linkage. The Iodoacetamido moiety is commonly used to bind covalently with the thiol group of cysteine so the protein cannot form disulfide bonds.

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