Bacampicillin (hydrochloride)
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Bacampicillin hydrochloride is an orally active semi-synthetic aminopenicillin derivative, prodrug and bactericide that is readily inactivated by β-lactamases. Bacampicillin hydrochloride is hydrolyzed by carboxylester hydrolases and non-specific esterases in the gastrointestinal wall and plasma to form Ampicillin (HY-B0522), and produces higher levels of Ampicillin in rodents in vivo. Bacampicillin hydrochloride exhibits bactericidal activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Bacampicillin hydrochloride can be used in studies related to bacterial infections.
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- Pureté : 99.94%
- CAS No.: 37661-08-8
- Formule: C21H28ClN3O7S
- Masse moléculaire:501.98
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Stockage:
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)
To place orders, for customer services and technical support, please contact: MedChemExpress USA
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Activité biologique
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Chemical Information
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Solvant et solubilité
- Protocole
- Pureté et documentation
- Références
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Help & FAQs
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Activité biologique
Description
In Vitro
Bacampicillin (10-20 μg/mL; 30 min) hydrochloride is stable in synthetic gastric juice (pH 1.2) and phosphate buffer (pH 7.4), but undergoes extensive hydrolysis to Ampicillin (HY-B0522) in the presence of 10% human or rat serum after 30 min incubation at 37°C, with rat serum driving more complete hydrolysis than human serum[1].
Bacampicillin (100 μg/mL; up to 30 min) hydrochloride undergoes rapid first-order hydrolysis to Ampicillin in heparinized human blood, human plasma, and canine plasma at 37°C, with the fastest hydrolysis observed in human blood[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only. Further protocols information, click here.
In Vivo
Bacampicillin (135 mg/kg; p.o.; single dose) hydrochloride produces significantly higher and longer-lasting interstitial fluid Ampicillin levels in female SPF-grade Sprague-Dawley rats with subcutaneous tissue cages compared to equimolar doses of Ampicillin[1].
Bacampicillin (135 mg/kg; p.o.; single dose) hydrochloride produces ampicillin concentrations in the kidney and liver tissues of female SPF-grade Sprague-Dawley rats that are 3 to 4 times those of equimolar ampicillin[1].
Bacampicillin (20 mg/kg; p.o.; single dose) hydrochloride exhibits 3-fold higher bioavailability than equimolar ampicillin in female beagle dogs[1].
Bacampicillin hydrochloride (p.o.; single dose) exhibits potent activity against a variety of bacterial infections in female NMRI mice, with better efficacy than Ampicillin[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:Sprague-Dawley (female, SPF, ~100 g, subcutaneous coil spring tissue cage implantation)[1]
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Dosage:135 mg/kg
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Administration:p.o.; single dose
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Result:Produced mean blood ampicillin concentrations of 33.83 μg/mL (0.25 h).
Produced mean transudate ampicillin concentrations of 0.14 μg/mL (0.25 h).
Resulted in transudate levels consistently two to three times higher than those from equimolar ampicillin, with a statistically significant difference at 2 h, and transudate levels remained significantly detectable at 4 h.
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Animal Model:Swiss mice (female, 8-12 weeks old, mean body weight 29 g)[2]
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Dosage:0.40 mg per mouse daily; 0.80 mg per mouse daily; 1.50 mg per mouse daily; 3.00 mg per mouse daily
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Administration:p.o.; daily; 4 weeks
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Result:Caused only an insignificant increase in concentrations of both endogenous Enterobacteriaceae and the inoculated amoxycillin-resistant E.coli strain in faeces, with mean log concentrations of the resistant E.
coli strain measuring 3.8 (0.6) at 0.40 mg/day, 3.3 (0.8) at 0.80 mg/day, 4.0 (1.0) at 1.50 mg/day, and 3.9 (0.8) at 3.00 mg/day.
Induced only slight disturbances to colonization resistance-associated flora at 3.00 mg/day, as indicated by minimal increases in relative cecal weight.
Detected a low concentration of β-aspartylglycine in faeces at doses of 2 mg/day and higher.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 37661-08-8
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Appearance Solid
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Masse moléculaire 501.98
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Formule C21H28ClN3O7S
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
O=C([C@@H](C(C)(C)S[C@]1([H])[C@@H]2NC([C@H](N)C3=CC=CC=C3)=O)N1C2=O)OC(OC(OCC)=O)C.[H]Cl
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Livraison
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Stockage
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)
Solvant et solubilité
In Vitro:
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (199.21 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
In Vivo:
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (4.14 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (4.14 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL. * In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Protocole
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Gram Staining of Tissue Sections
Gram staining of tissue sections is a histochemical technique used to differentiate Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria within histological specimens based on differences in bacterial cell wall structure and dye retention, adapted from classical bacteriological Gram staining into tissue-compatible “histological Gram stain” variants. In tissue applications, modifications of the Brown-Hopps and Brown-Brenn methods are commonly used to improve differentiation of microorganisms embedded within host connective tissue and to reduce overstaining or loss of Gram-negative signal, which are known limitations of earlier approaches. The principle relies on crystal violet-iodine complex retention in Gram-positive organisms and subsequent decolorization and counterstaining steps that allow contrast visualization of Gram-negative organisms against tissue background.
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Bacterial live/dead nucleic-acid viability staining
The LIVE/DEAD bacterial viability staining method is based on differential permeability of nucleic-acid-binding fluorescent dyes, most commonly SYTO 9 and propidium iodide (PI), which enables discrimination of bacterial populations with intact versus compromised cytoplasmic membranes. SYTO 9 penetrates both intact and damaged bacterial membranes and binds nucleic acids to produce green fluorescence, whereas propidium iodide penetrates only cells with compromised membranes and fluoresces red while also reducing SYTO 9 signal through competitive binding and fluorescence interactions. The resulting fluorescence pattern is interpreted as a proxy for membrane integrity, which is widely used as an indicator of bacterial viability in microscopy, flow cytometry, and spectroscopic platforms. However, mechanistic studies show that SYTO 9 and PI interactions involve displacement and fluorescence resonance energy transfer effects, which can influence signal interpretation depending on dye ratios a
Pureté et documentation
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Fiche technique (277 KB)
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SDS (419 KB)
- English - EN (419 KB)
- Français - FR (419 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (419 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (419 KB)
- Español - ES (419 KB)
- Swedish - SV (419 KB)
- Italian - IT (419 KB)
- Korean - KR (419 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (419 KB)
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Instruction de manipulation (2659 KB)
Références
[1]. Bodin NO, et al. Bacampicillin: a new orally well-absorbed derivative of ampicillin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1975;8(5):518-525. [Content Brief]
[2]. Rozencweig M, et al. Antibacterial activity and pharmacokinetics of bacampicillin and ampicillin. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1976 May;19(5 Pt 1):592-7. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
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| DMSO | 1 mM | 1.9921 mL | 9.9606 mL | 19.9211 mL | 49.8028 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.3984 mL | 1.9921 mL | 3.9842 mL | 9.9606 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1992 mL | 0.9961 mL | 1.9921 mL | 4.9803 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.1328 mL | 0.6640 mL | 1.3281 mL | 3.3202 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.0996 mL | 0.4980 mL | 0.9961 mL | 2.4901 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.0797 mL | 0.3984 mL | 0.7968 mL | 1.9921 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.0664 mL | 0.3320 mL | 0.6640 mL | 1.6601 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0498 mL | 0.2490 mL | 0.4980 mL | 1.2451 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0398 mL | 0.1992 mL | 0.3984 mL | 0.9961 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0332 mL | 0.1660 mL | 0.3320 mL | 0.8300 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0249 mL | 0.1245 mL | 0.2490 mL | 0.6225 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0199 mL | 0.0996 mL | 0.1992 mL | 0.4980 mL |
Bacampicillin (hydrochloride) Related Classifications
HY-B1149A Related Classifications
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