Metabolic Disease

Sorbinil is an aldose reductase inhibitor (ARI) that prevents the accumulation of sorbitol in cells or animals. Sorbinil is useful in studying diabetes and diabetic complications, reducing AR activity and inhibiting the polyol pathway.

Propionyl-L-carnitine is an orally active L-carnitine derivative. Propionyl-L-carnitine has a high affinity for muscle L-carnitine transferase. Propionyl-L-carnitine increases Apoptosis, Bax, and reduces NF-κB, VCAM-1, MCP-1, and survivin. Propionyl-L-carnitine activates Src kinase, Akt, induces p-AMPK and nitric oxide synthesis. Propionyl-L-carnitine alleviates cardiovascular disease, obesity, and colitis.

Tacalcitol (1,24(R)-Dihydroxyvitamin D3; 1.alpha.,24R-Dihydroxyvitamin D3) can promote normal bone growth by regulating calcium ions. Tacalcitol inhibits cancer cell proliferation and migration. Tacalcitol can be used in the research of inflammation, cancer, and skin diseases.

SAR407899 is a selective, potent and ATP-competitive ROCK inhibitor, with an IC₅₀ of 135 nM for ROCK-2, and K_is of 36 nM and 41 nM for human and rat ROCK-2, respectively. SAR407899 shows stable inhibition of migrasome formation.

Succinyladenosine, the metabolic product of dephosphorylation of intracellular adenylosuccinic acid (S-AMP) by cytosolic 5-nucleotidase, is a biochemical marker of adenylosuccinase (ASL) deficiency.

(R)-2-Hydroxybutanoic acid is the isomer of 2-Hydroxybutyric acid (HY-113381), and can be used as an experimental control. 2-Hydroxybutyric acid (α-Hydroxybutyric acid ) is converted from 2-Aminobutyric acid, with 2-oxobutyric acid as an intermediate metabolite.

NADP sodium hydrate is the sodium salt hydrate form of NADP (HY-113325). NADP is a coenzyme involved in cellular electron transfer reactions in biological metabolism, which is alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH), and can maintain cellular redox homeostasis and regulate many biological events, including cellular metabolism. NADPH is a universal electron donor that provides reducing ability for synthetic metabolic reactions and redox balance. NADPH plays a multifunctional role in regulating inflammation, redox homeostasis, and synthetic metabolism processes.

Acetoacetyl CoA sodium hydrate is the precursor of HMG-CoA in the mevalonate pathway. Acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase catalyzes the reaction to form acetoacetyl-CoA sodium hydrate from two acetyl-CoA molecules. Acetoacetyl CoA sodium hydrate is essential for cholesterol biosynthesis. Acetoacetyl-CoA sodium hydrate is also a intermediate in the biological breakdown and synthesis of fatty acids.

Taurine-¹³C₂ is the ¹³C-labeled Taurine. Taurine, a sulphur-containing amino acid and an organic osmolyte involved in cell volume regulation, provides a substrate for the formation of bile salts, and plays a role in the modulation of intracellular free calcium concentration. Taurine has the ability to activate autophagy in adipocytes.

Lysophosphatidylethanolamines, egg (Lyso-PE (egg); LPE (egg); L-α-lysophosphatidylethanolamine) is a naturally occurring lysophospholipid isolated from purified egg phosphatidylcholine. Lysophosphatidylethanolamines, egg acts as a hepatic lipid biomarker in oleic acid-induced hepatocytes. The level of Lysophosphatidylethanolamines, egg decreases in mice fed a high-fat diet. Lysophosphatidylethanolamines, egg can be used in studies related to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hyperlipidemia.

Adenosine monophosphate-¹⁵N₅ dilithium is the ¹⁵N labeled Adenosine monophosphate (HY-A0181). Adenosine monophosphate is an adenosine A1 receptor agonist. Adenosine monophosphate has significant antiviral activity against HSV-1 and HSV-2. Adenosine monophosphate is a key cellular metabolite regulating energy homeostasis and signal transduction.

Linoleyl alcohol, a structural analog of Linoleic acid with no a-carboxyl group, is a fatty alcohol.

Tividenofusp alfa (DNL‑310) is a modified iduronate‑2‑sulfatase fusion protein capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier. Tividenofusp alfa can be used in research on mucopolysaccharidosis type II.

Pregnanediol 3-glucuronide is the main terminal metabolite of Progesterone (HY-N0437). Pregnanediol 3-glucuronide is the metabolite of Progesterone produced in the liver through hydroxylation and glucuronidation, with high hydrophilicity and easy excretion through urine. A decrease in the level of Pregnanediol 3-glucuronide is associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer, while an increase is associated with the state of pregnancy. Pregnanediol 3-glucuronide is of great significance in the monitoring of female reproductive health, pregnancy assessment, and the diagnosis of endocrine diseases.

L-Cysteic acid is the oxidation product of L-cystine. L-Cysteic acid is a substrate of GADCase/CADCaseII. L-Cysteic acid has high affinity with CADCase I (Km = 0.22 mM). L-Cysteic acid is taken up by the synaptosome through a high affinity, Na⁺-dependent transport system.

Adenosine 2',3'-cyclic phosphate sodium is a 2',3'-cyclic purine nucleotide. Adenosine 2',3'-cyclic phosphate sodium is deaminated by the adenosine deaminase. Adenosine 2',3'-cyclic phosphate sodium can be degrade to 2'-AMP and 3'-AMP.

BW 245C is a prostanoid DP-receptor (DP1) agonist, used to study stroke.

KY19382 is a potent and orally active dual inhibitor of CXXC5-DVL and GSK3β, with IC₅₀s of 19 and 10 nM, respectively. KY19382 activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling through inhibitory effects on both CXXC5-DVL interaction and GSK3β activity. KY19382 can be used for the research of high fat diet (HFD) induced metabolic diseases.

AEE788 is an orally active inhibitor targeting EGFR and ErbB2 with IC₅₀ values of 2 and 6 nM, respectively^[1][2][3].

Navacaprant (BTRX-335140) is a selective and orally active κ opioid receptor (KOR) antagonist, has antagonist activity for κOR, μOR and δOR with IC₅₀ values of 0.8 nM, 110 nM, and 6500 nM, respectively. Navacaprant endows with favorable in vitro ADMET and in vivo pharmacokinetic profiles and medication-like duration of action in rats. Navacaprant distributes well into the CNS and can be used for the research of neuropathy.