PPAR
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a group of nuclear receptor proteins that function as transcription factors regulating gene expression. There are three main isoforms: PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPARγ, each with distinct tissue distribution and biological roles. PPARα is primarily expressed in liver, heart, and muscle, where it regulates fatty acid oxidation and lipid metabolism[1]. PPARβ/δ is widely expressed and involved in energy homeostasis, glucose metabolism, and inflammation modulation[1]. PPARγ is highly expressed in adipose tissue and plays a central role in adipogenesis, insulin sensitivity, and lipid storage[2].
References:
- [1]. Man versus microbe. Nat Med. 2004 Dec;10(12 Suppl):S69. doi: 10.1038/nm1149. PMID: 15577933; PMCID: PMC7096048. et al. Nat Med. 2004 Dec;10(12 Suppl):S69. [Content Brief]
- [2]. Kiros M, et al. Trends in HIV-1 pretreatment drug resistance and HIV-1 variant dynamics among antiretroviral therapy-naive Ethiopians from 2003 to 2018: a pooled sequence analysis. Virol J. 2023 Oct 25;20(1):243. [Content Brief]
- [3]. Brent J, et al. Fomepizole for the treatment of ethylene glycol poisoning. Methylpyrazole for Toxic Alcohols Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1999 Mar 18;340(11):832-8. [Content Brief]
- [4]. Liu Y, et al. Neuron-mediated generation of regulatory T cells from encephalitogenic T cells suppresses EAE. Nat Med. 2006 May;12(5):518-25. [Content Brief]
- [5]. Paranjape AN, et al. Introduction of SV40ER and hTERT into mammospheres generates breast cancer cells with stem cell properties. Oncogene. 2012 Apr 12;31(15):1896-909. [Content Brief]
- [6]. Iancu-Rubin C, et al. Whirling Platelets Away for Transfusion. Cell. 2018 Jul 26;174(3):503-504. [Content Brief]
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PPAR Related Products (399)
Related Products (399)
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Ketopioglitazone
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-119311CAS No.: 146062-45-5Pioglitazone ketone is an active metabolite of the PPARγ agonist Pioglitazone (HY-13956). Formation of pioglitazone ketone occurs primarly through cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoform CYP2C8-mediated metabolism of pioglitazone. Pioglitazone ketone (100 mg/kg in the diet) reduces blood glucose levels in a KKAy mouse model of type 2 diabetes.
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PPARγ agonist 9
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-160003CAS No.: 474329-47-0PPARγ agonist 9 is an agonist of PPARγ. PPARγ agonist 9 is the analogue of lysophosphatidic acid with an EC50 more than 10 μM for LPA3 receptor.
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Arecaidine hydrochloride (Standard)
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-N2368ARCAS No.: 6018-28-6Arecaidine hydrochloride (Standard) is the analytical standard of Arecaidine hydrochloride (HY-N2368A). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Arecaidine hydrochloride is a GABA transport system inhibitor. Arecaidine hydrochloride inhibits the proliferation of oral mucosal fibroblasts, increases the secretion of IL-6, TGF-β and TNF-α in cells, downregulates the expression of PPAR-γ and PCK1 in cells, and upregulates the expression of TGF-β1. Arecaidine hydrochloride inhibits the uptake of γ-aminobutyric acid and β-alanine by the central nervous system of cats. Arecaidine hydrochloride inhibits hPAT1-mediated L-[3H]proline uptake in cells. Arecaidine hydrochloride can be used in research related to neurological diseases.
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Seladelpar (Standard)
0 ImagesSynonyms: MBX-8025 (Standard); RWJ-800025 (Standard)Seladelpar (Standard) is the analytical standard of Seladelpar. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Seladelpar (MBX-8025) is an orally active, potent and specific PPARδ agonist with an EC50 of 2 nM. Seladelpar shows more than 750-fold and 2500-fold selectivity over the PPARα and PPARγ receptors, respectively. Seladelpar can be used for the study of primary biliary cholangitis.
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Gemfibrozil-d6-1
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-B0258S1CAS No.: 1160569-36-7Synonyms: CI-719-d6-1Gemfibrozil-d6-1 (CI-719-d6-1) is the deuterium labeled Gemfibrozil (HY-B0258). Gemfibrozil is an activator of PPAR-α, used as a lipid-lowering agent; Gemfibrozil is also a nonselective inhibitor of several P450 isoforms, with Ki values for CYP2C9, 2C19, 2C8, and 1A2 of 5.8, 24, 69, and 82 μM, respectively.
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Oroxin A (Standard)
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-N2025RCAS No.: 57396-78-8Oroxin A (Standard) is the analytical standard of Oroxin A. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Oroxin A is the major component of an ethanol-water Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz (Bignoniaceae) seed extract (OISE). Oroxin A acts as a partial PPARγ agonist that can activate PPARγ transcriptional activation. Oroxin A activates PPARγ by docking into the PPARγ protein ligand-binding domain. Oroxin A also exhibits an inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase and an antioxidant capacity. Oroxin A exerts anti-breast cancer effects by inducing ER stress-mediated senescence.
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GW6471 (Standard)
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-15372RCAS No.: 880635-03-0GW6471 (Standard) is the analytical standard of GW6471 (HY-15372). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. GW6471 is a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) antagonist. GW6471 reduces cancer stem cell viability, proliferation, and spheroid formation. GW6471 induces apoptosis and causes metabolic impairment including energy imbalance. GW6471 can be used for the research of paragangliomas and triple-negative breast cancer.
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17(S)-HDHA
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-120255ACAS No.: 92693-03-3
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Azemiglitazone (Standard)
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-108022RCAS No.: 1133819-87-0Synonyms: MSDC-0602 (Standard)Azemiglitazone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Azemiglitazone (HY-108022). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Azemiglitazone (MSDC-0602) is an orally active thiazolidinedione (TZD) -like molecule, which binds to PPARγ with low binding and activating affinity. Azemiglitazone inhibits mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC), which inhibits Alzheimer’s disease and diminishes nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) caused liver injury.
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4-O-Methyl honokiol (Standard)
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-U00450RCAS No.: 68592-15-44-O-Methyl honokiol is a natural neolignan isolated from Magnolia officinalis, acts as a PPARγ agonist, and inhibtis NF-κB activity, used for cancer and inflammation research.
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Bilobetin (Standard)
0 ImagesBilobetin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Bilobetin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Bilobetin, an active component of Ginkgo biloba, can reduce blood lipids and improve the effects of insulin. Bilobetin ameliorated insulin resistance, increased the hepatic uptake and oxidation of lipids, reduced very-low-density lipoprotein triglyceride secretion and blood triglyceride levels, enhanced the expression and activity of enzymes involved in β-oxidation and attenuated the accumulation of triglycerides and their metabolites in tissues. Bilobetin also increased the phosphorylation, nuclear translocation and activity of PPARα accompanied by elevated cAMP level and PKA activity.
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Neoandrographolide (Standard)
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-N0721RCAS No.: 27215-14-1Synonyms: Neoandrographiside (Standard)Neoandrographolide (Standard) is the analytical standard of Neoandrographolide. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Neoandrographolide is a diterpenoid compound isolated from Andrographis paniculata. Neoandrographolide inhibits osteoclasts differentiation and bone resorption through inhibition of MAPK/NF-κB/PI3K/AKT/GSK3β/PPAR/CAMK signaling pathway. Neoandrographolide inhibits apoptosis in rat embryonic ventricular cardiomyocytes. Neoandrographolide inhibits iNOS and the generation of ROS, activates eNOS, exhibiting anti-inflammatory and hypolipidemic activity.
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GSK0660 (Standard)
0 ImagesGSK0660 (Standard) is the analytical standard of GSK0660. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. GSK0660 is a potent PPARβ antagonist with an IC50 of 155 nM.
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1,2-DLPC (Standard)
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-107737RCAS No.: 18194-25-7Synonyms: 1,2-Dilauroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (Standard)1,2-DLPC (Standard) is the analytical standard of 1,2-DLPC (HY-107737). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 1,2-DLPC (1,2-Dilauroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) is a ligand for LRH-1 agonists. 1,2-DLPC is a phospholipid used in the synthesis of liposomes. 1,2-DLPC enhances fat breaKdown and apoptosis in fat cells through a TNFα-dependent pathway, while also inhibiting palmitate-induced insulin resistance through PPARα-mediated inflammation in muscle cells.
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Fenofibric acid-13C8
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-B0760S1Synonyms: FNF acid-13C8Fenofibric acid-13C8 (FNF acid-13C8) is 13C labeled Fenofibric acid. Fenofibric acid, an active metabolite of fenofibrate, is a PPAR activitor, with EC50s of 22.4 μM, 1.47 μM, and 1.06 μM for PPARα, PPARγ and PPARδ, respectively; Fenofibric acid also inhibits COX-2 enzyme activity, with an IC50 of 48 nM.
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5-Aminosalicylic acid-d3 disodium
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-15027S3Synonyms: Mesalamine-d3 disodium; 5-ASA-d3 disodium; Mesalazine-d3 disodium5-Aminosalicylic acid-d3 disodium is deuterated labeled 5-Aminosalicylic Acid (HY-15027). 5-Aminosalicylic acid (Mesalamine) acts as a specific PPARγ agonist and also inhibits p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) and NF-κB.5-Aminosalicylic acid can inhibit the activity of osteopontin (OPN).
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Troglitazone (Standard)
0 ImagesSynonyms: CS-045 (Standard)Troglitazone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Troglitazone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Troglitazone is an orally active PPARγ agonist, with EC50s of 550 nM and 780 nM for human and murine PPARγ receptor, respectively. Troglitazone has anticancer activity, prevents and inhibits the development of type 2 diabetes.
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GW 590735 (Standard)
0 ImagesGW 590735 (Standard) is the analytical standard of GW 590735 (HY-106278). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. GW 590735 is a potent and selective PPARα agonist. GW 590735 showsEC50=4 nM on PPARα and at least 500-fold selectivity versus PPARδ and PPARγ. GW 590735 can be used for the research of dyslipidemia.
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N-Desmethyl rosiglitazone
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-118788CAS No.: 257892-31-2Synonyms: SB 237216N-Desmethyl rosiglitazone (SB 237216) is a metabolite of Rosiglitazone (HY-17386), generated through demethylation by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system in liver microsomes. It retains partial PPARγ agonist activity and supports studies on the metabolism and pharmacokinetics of Rosiglitazone (HY-17386).
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AD-5075
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-113655CAS No.: 103788-05-2
