PPAR
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a group of nuclear receptor proteins that function as transcription factors regulating gene expression. There are three main isoforms: PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPARγ, each with distinct tissue distribution and biological roles. PPARα is primarily expressed in liver, heart, and muscle, where it regulates fatty acid oxidation and lipid metabolism[1]. PPARβ/δ is widely expressed and involved in energy homeostasis, glucose metabolism, and inflammation modulation[1]. PPARγ is highly expressed in adipose tissue and plays a central role in adipogenesis, insulin sensitivity, and lipid storage[2].
References:
- [1]. Man versus microbe. Nat Med. 2004 Dec;10(12 Suppl):S69. doi: 10.1038/nm1149. PMID: 15577933; PMCID: PMC7096048. et al. Nat Med. 2004 Dec;10(12 Suppl):S69. [Content Brief]
- [2]. Kiros M, et al. Trends in HIV-1 pretreatment drug resistance and HIV-1 variant dynamics among antiretroviral therapy-naive Ethiopians from 2003 to 2018: a pooled sequence analysis. Virol J. 2023 Oct 25;20(1):243. [Content Brief]
- [3]. Brent J, et al. Fomepizole for the treatment of ethylene glycol poisoning. Methylpyrazole for Toxic Alcohols Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1999 Mar 18;340(11):832-8. [Content Brief]
- [4]. Liu Y, et al. Neuron-mediated generation of regulatory T cells from encephalitogenic T cells suppresses EAE. Nat Med. 2006 May;12(5):518-25. [Content Brief]
- [5]. Paranjape AN, et al. Introduction of SV40ER and hTERT into mammospheres generates breast cancer cells with stem cell properties. Oncogene. 2012 Apr 12;31(15):1896-909. [Content Brief]
- [6]. Iancu-Rubin C, et al. Whirling Platelets Away for Transfusion. Cell. 2018 Jul 26;174(3):503-504. [Content Brief]
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PPAR Related Products (396)
Related Products (396)
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8(9)-EET
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-160431CAS No.: 82864-43-58(9)-EET is one of the main metabolites produced by the metabolism of arachidonic acid (HY-109590) through the cytochrome P450 epoxide pathway. 8(9)-EET is an effective substrate for COX-1 and COX-2. 8(9)-EET activates PPARα in HEK293 cells and inhibits the activity of NF-κB induced by IL-1β in a PPARα-dependent and -independent manner. The (8S,9R)-isomer of 8(9)-EET ([(8S,9R)-EET]) causes vasoconstriction, thereby reducing renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate.
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FK614 (Standard)
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-101292RCAS No.: 193012-35-0FK614 (Standard) is the analytical standard of FK614 (HY-101292). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. FK614 is an orally active, non-thiazolidinedione (TZD) type, and selective PPARγ modulator (SPPARM). FK614 functions as a PPARγ agonist with potent anti-diabetic activity in vivo. FK614 has different effects on the activation of PPARγ at each stage of adipocyte differentiation. FK614 can be used for the research of hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes.
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L-165041 (Standard)
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-20019RCAS No.: 79558-09-1L-165041 (Standard) is the analytical standard of L-165041. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. L-165041 is a cell permeable PPARδ agonist, with Kis of 6 nM and appr 730 nM for PPARδ and PPARγ, respectively, and induces adipocyte differentiation in NIH-PPARδ cells.
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Perfluoropentanoic acid (Standard)
0 ImagesPerfluoropentanoic acid (Standard) (PFPeA (Standard)) is the analytical standard of Perfluoropentanoic acid (HY-21193). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA), a short-chain perfluorinated compound, serves as an important indicator of perfluorinated compound pollution in ecosystems. Perfluoropentanoic acid exhibits certain toxicity to mice.
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PPARα/γ agonist 5
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-167950CAS No.: 849150-59-0PPARα/γ agonist 5 is a dual PPARα/γ agonist with significant biological activity exhibited at low concentrations. The EC50 of PPARα/γ agonist 5 are 0.358μM and 1.21μM respectively, showing its potential in inhibiting type 2 diabetes and lipid metabolism disorders. PPARα/γ agonist 5 was selected for clinical development due to its high efficacy.
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(E/Z)-Elafibranor
0 ImagesSynonyms: (E/Z)-GFT505(E/Z)-Elafibranor ((E/Z)-GFT505) is a PPARα/δ agonist with EC50s of 45 and 175 nM, respectively.
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Cefminox sodium (Standard)
0 ImagesSynonyms: MT-141 (Standard)Cefminox (sodium) (MT-141) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Cefminox (sodium). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Cefminox sodium is a semisynthetic cephamycin, which exhibits antibacterial activity. Cefminox sodium is a broad-spectrum, bactericidal cephalosporin antibiotic. Cefminox sodium also acts as a dual agonist of prostacyclin receptor (IP) and PPARγ. Cefminox sodium upregulates cAMP production and PTEN expression and inhibits Akt/mTOR signaling. Cefminox sodium also prevents pulmonary arterial hypertension in rat model.
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Hexadecanamide (Standard)
0 ImagesSynonyms: Palmitamide (Standard)Hexadecanamide (Standard) is the analytical standard of Hexadecanamide. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Hexadecanamide (Palmitamide) is a fatty acid amide that has orally active anti-allergic, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects. Hexadecanamide exerts protective effects in Staphylococcus aureus- and SARA-induced mastitis. Hexadecanamide suppresses S. aureus-induced activation of the NF-κB pathway and improves blood-milk barrier integrity. Hexadecanamide activates PPARα. Hexadecanamide enhances sperm motility in vitro. Hexadecanamide can be studied in research for mastitis and asthenozoospermia.
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Farglitazar (Standard)
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-105074RCAS No.: 196808-45-4Synonyms: GI262570 (Standard); GI262570X (Standard)Farglitazar (Standard) is the analytical standard of Farglitazar (HY-105074). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Farglitazar is a PPARγ agonist that has significant therapeutic benefits such as glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients.
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Bezafibrate-13C6
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-B0637S2Synonyms: BM15075-13C6
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5-Aminosalicylic acid-d7
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-15027S4Synonyms: 5-ASA-d7; Mesalamie-d7; Mesalazie-d75-Aminosalicylic acid-d7 (5-ASA-d7; Mesalamie-d7; Mesalazie-d7) is deuterium labeled 5-Aminosalicylic Acid. 5-Aminosalicylic acid (Mesalamine) acts as a specific PPARγ agonist and also inhibits p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) and NF-κB. 5-Aminosalicylic acid can inhibit the activity of osteopontin (OPN).
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Elafibranor (Standard)
0 ImagesSynonyms: GFT505 (Standard)Elafibranor (Standard) is the analytical standard of Elafibranor. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Elafibranor (GFT505) is a PPARα/δ agonist with EC50s of 45 and 175 nM, respectively. Elafibranor can be used for the study of primary biliary cholangitis.
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SC-236 (Standard)
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-W010983RCAS No.: 170569-86-5SC-236 is an orally active COX-2 specific inhibitor (IC50 = 10 nM) and a PPARγ agonist. SC-236 suppresses activator protein-1 (AP-1) through c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase. SC-236 exerts anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing phosphorylation of ERK in a murine model.
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Bezafibrate (Standard)
0 ImagesSynonyms: BM15075 (Standard)Bezafibrate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Bezafibrate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Bezafibrate is an agonist of PPAR, with EC50s of 50 μM, 60 μM, 20 μM for human PPARα, PPARγ and PPARδ, and 90 μM, 55 μM, 110 μM for murine PPARα, PPARγ and PPARδ, respectively; Bezafibrate is used as an hypolipidemic agent.
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Cinoxate-d3
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-107333S
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Rivoglitazone (Standard)
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-106181RCAS No.: 185428-18-6Synonyms: R-106056 (Standard)Rivoglitazone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Rivoglitazone (HY-106181). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Rivoglitazone is a thiazolidinedione-derivative PPARγ agonist for the research of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Cinnamyl Alcohol-d9
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-Y0078S1CAS No.: 3028869-57-7
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(±)-CBCQ
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-158934CAS No.: 2415352-36-0Synonyms: Cannabichromenquinone(±)-CBCQ is an oxidative product of cannabichromene, with an EC50 of 14.7 μM for PPAR-γ.
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Netoglitazone (Standard)
0 ImagesSynonyms: MCC-555 (Standard); Isaglitazone (Standard)Netoglitazone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Netoglitazone (HY-100428). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Netoglitazone (MCC-555) is an orally active PPARγ ligand with an EC50 of 8 μM. Netoglitazone mediates cell type-specific functional regulation, and modulates the transcriptional activity of PPARγ as a full agonist, partial agonist or antagonist. Netoglitazone induces adipogenesis, inhibits osteoblastogenesis, alters the weight of extramedullary fat depots and enhances insulin sensitivity. Netoglitazone reduces blood glucose levels. Netoglitazone can be used in research related to type 2 diabetes and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
