PPAR
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a group of nuclear receptor proteins that function as transcription factors regulating gene expression. There are three main isoforms: PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPARγ, each with distinct tissue distribution and biological roles. PPARα is primarily expressed in liver, heart, and muscle, where it regulates fatty acid oxidation and lipid metabolism[1]. PPARβ/δ is widely expressed and involved in energy homeostasis, glucose metabolism, and inflammation modulation[1]. PPARγ is highly expressed in adipose tissue and plays a central role in adipogenesis, insulin sensitivity, and lipid storage[2].
References:
- [1]. Man versus microbe. Nat Med. 2004 Dec;10(12 Suppl):S69. doi: 10.1038/nm1149. PMID: 15577933; PMCID: PMC7096048. et al. Nat Med. 2004 Dec;10(12 Suppl):S69. [Content Brief]
- [2]. Kiros M, et al. Trends in HIV-1 pretreatment drug resistance and HIV-1 variant dynamics among antiretroviral therapy-naive Ethiopians from 2003 to 2018: a pooled sequence analysis. Virol J. 2023 Oct 25;20(1):243. [Content Brief]
- [3]. Brent J, et al. Fomepizole for the treatment of ethylene glycol poisoning. Methylpyrazole for Toxic Alcohols Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1999 Mar 18;340(11):832-8. [Content Brief]
- [4]. Liu Y, et al. Neuron-mediated generation of regulatory T cells from encephalitogenic T cells suppresses EAE. Nat Med. 2006 May;12(5):518-25. [Content Brief]
- [5]. Paranjape AN, et al. Introduction of SV40ER and hTERT into mammospheres generates breast cancer cells with stem cell properties. Oncogene. 2012 Apr 12;31(15):1896-909. [Content Brief]
- [6]. Iancu-Rubin C, et al. Whirling Platelets Away for Transfusion. Cell. 2018 Jul 26;174(3):503-504. [Content Brief]
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PPAR Related Products (399)
Related Products (399)
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Neomangiferin
0 ImagesNeomangiferin is an orally active natural flavonoid. Neomangiferin partially ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by regulating the expression of genes related to free fatty acid uptake and lipid oxidation. Neomangiferin exerts anti-colitis effects by inhibiting Th17/Treg cell differentiation. Neomangiferin exerts anti-aging and lifespan-extending effects by targeting upregulation of bas-1, which in turn activates the autophagy, IIS and MAPK pathways. Neomangiferin has the potential to prevent aseptic loosening of prostheses after total joint arthroplasty due to its significant anti-inflammatory and osteoclastogenesis-inhibiting effects.
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(S)-Coriolic acid
0 ImagesSynonyms: 13(S)-HODE(S)-Coriolic acid (13(S)-HODE), the product of 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) metabolism of linoleic acid, functions as the endogenous ligand to activate PPARγ. (S)-Coriolic acid is an important intracellular signal agent and is involved in cell proliferation and differentiation in various biological systems. (S)-Coriolic acid induces mitochondrial dysfunction and airway epithelial injury.
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Calenduloside E
0 ImagesCalenduloside E is a pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin that can be extracted from the bark and roots of Aralia ovata, and has anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities. Calenduloside E alleviates atherosclerosis by regulating macrophage polarization, improves mitochondrial function by regulating the AMPK-SIRT3 pathway, and alleviates acute liver injury. In addition, Calenduloside E promotes the interaction between L-type calcium channels and Bcl-2 related apoptosis genes, inhibits calcium overload, and alleviates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Calenduloside E also improves non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by regulating heat shock-dependent pathways, and inhibits ROS mediated JAK1-STAT3 pathways to reduce cellular inflammatory responses.
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10-Hydroxystearic acid
0 ImagesSynonyms: 10-HSA10-Hydroxystearic acid (10-HSA) is a PPARα agonist. 10-Hydroxystearic acid stimulates collagen synthesis. 10-Hydroxystearic acid is an anti-aging agent and reduces the appearance of pores and hyperpigmented lesions.
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Daidzein-d4
0 ImagesDaidzein-d4 is the deuterium labeled Daidzein. Daidzein is a soy isoflavone, which acts as a PPAR activator.
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Keracyanin chloride
0 ImagesSynonyms: Cyanidin 3-rutinoside chloride; Cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside chloride; Sambucin chlorideKeracyanin chloride inhibits NF-κB/FAK/MAPK signaling pathway. Keracyanin chloride exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hypoglycemic effects, and is orally active.
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Retinoic acid-d5
0 ImagesSynonyms: Vitamin A acid-d5; all-trans-Retinoic acid-d5; ATRA-d5Retinoic acid-d5 is the the deuterium labeled Retinoic acid (HY-14649). Retinoic acid is a metabolite of vitamin A that plays important roles in cell growth, differentiation, and organogenesis. Retinoic acid is a natural agonist of RAR nuclear receptors, with IC50s of 14 nM for RARα/β/γ. Retinoic acid bind to PPARβ/δ with Kd of 17 nM. Retinoic acid acts as an inhibitor of transcription factor Nrf2 through activation of retinoic acid receptor alpha.
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Dehydroabietic acid
0 ImagesDehydroabietic acid is a diterpene resin acid that can be isolated from Pinus and Picea. Dehydroabietic acid has anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. Dehydroabietic acid is a dual PPAR-α/γ agonist and PPAR-γ partial agonist, which can attenuate insulin resistance (IR) and hepatic steatosis induced by HFD-consumption in mice.
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Bocidelpar
0 ImagesSynonyms: ASP0367; MA-0211Bocidelpar (ASP0367; MA-0211) is a selective, orally active PPARδ modulator. Bocidelpar activates the PPARδ downstream signaling pathway, upregulates the expression of target genes such as ABCA1 and ACAA2. Bocidelpar then promotes fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and mitochondrial biogenesis, and improves mitochondrial dysfunction. Bocidelpar can improve mitochondrial biogenesis and function in muscle cells. Bocidelpar is mainly used in the study of mitochondrial dysfunction diseases such as primary mitochondrial myopathy (PMM) and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).
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D-Arabinopyranose
0 ImagesD-Arabinpyranose is is an orally active antidepressant and a growth inhibitor of C. elegans (IC50 is 7.5 mM). D-Arabinpyranose can penetrate the blood-brain barrier, selectively interfere with the metabolism of D-ribose and D-fructose, and inhibit the growth of nematodes. D-Arabinpyranose can also inhibit the synthesis of cell biofilm and exert antibacterial activity. D-Arabinpyranose activates the ACSS2-PPARγ/TFEB-CRTC1 axis through the lysosomal AXIN-LKB1-AMPK pathway, inducing CRTC1 transcription, exerts antidepressant-like activity. D-Arabinpyranose is the ring-opened form of the aldopentose D-Arabinpyranose (HY-N7082).
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Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate hydrate
0 ImagesSynonyms: 18α-Glycyrrhizic acid Magnesium hydrate; 18α-GA Magnesium hydrate; 18α-Licorice-saponin H2 Magnesium hydrateMagnesium isoglycyrrhizinate hydrate (18α-Glycyrrhizic acid Magnesium hydrate; 18α-GA Magnesium hydrate; 18α-Licorice-saponin H2 Magnesium hydrate) is a derivative of glycyrrhizic acid with oral activity. Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate hydrate exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective and cardioprotective activities. Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate hydrate protects against ethanol-induced alcoholic liver disease in rats by upregulating the expression levels of SOD, GSH, PPAR-α and CPT-1. Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate hydrate shows cytotoxicity against T lymphocytes and inhibits HIV-1 replication in these cells. Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate hydrate alleviates oxidative stress by reducing the levels of ROS, Nrf2, HO-1 and p-P65, and alleviates pyroptosis by downregulating the expression levels of NLRP3, GSDMD-N, P20 and c-IL-1β. Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate hydrate inhibits autophagy, colonic fibrosis and myocardial fibrosis, and regulates intestinal barrier integrity. Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate hydrate can be used in research related to alcoholic liver disease, HIV-1 infection, hepatotoxicity, acute liver failure, inflammatory bowel disease and myocardial fibrosis.
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Arecaidine
0 ImagesArecaidine is a GABA transport system inhibitor. Arecaidine inhibits the proliferation of oral mucosal fibroblasts, increases the secretion of IL-6, TGF-β and TNF-α in cells, downregulates the expression of PPAR-γ and PCK1 in cells, and upregulates the expression of TGF-β1. Arecaidine inhibits the uptake of γ-aminobutyric acid and β-alanine by the central nervous system of cats. Arecaidine inhibits hPAT1-mediated L-[3H]proline uptake in cells. Arecaidine can be used in research related to neurological diseases.
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Cetaben
0 ImagesCetaben is a PPARα-independent peroxisome proliferator. Cetaben is a non-fibrate hypolipidemic agent and potently reduces the concentration of cholesterol and triglycerides.
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Choline fenofibrate
0 ImagesSynonyms: ABT-335Choline Fenofibrate (ABT-335), a choline salt of Fenofibric acid (HY-B0760), releases free Fenofibric acid in the gastrointestinal tract. Fenofibric acid is a PPAR activator with antihyperlipidemic effect.
