PPAR
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a group of nuclear receptor proteins that function as transcription factors regulating gene expression. There are three main isoforms: PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPARγ, each with distinct tissue distribution and biological roles. PPARα is primarily expressed in liver, heart, and muscle, where it regulates fatty acid oxidation and lipid metabolism[1]. PPARβ/δ is widely expressed and involved in energy homeostasis, glucose metabolism, and inflammation modulation[1]. PPARγ is highly expressed in adipose tissue and plays a central role in adipogenesis, insulin sensitivity, and lipid storage[2].
References:
- [1]. Man versus microbe. Nat Med. 2004 Dec;10(12 Suppl):S69. doi: 10.1038/nm1149. PMID: 15577933; PMCID: PMC7096048. et al. Nat Med. 2004 Dec;10(12 Suppl):S69. [Content Brief]
- [2]. Kiros M, et al. Trends in HIV-1 pretreatment drug resistance and HIV-1 variant dynamics among antiretroviral therapy-naive Ethiopians from 2003 to 2018: a pooled sequence analysis. Virol J. 2023 Oct 25;20(1):243. [Content Brief]
- [3]. Brent J, et al. Fomepizole for the treatment of ethylene glycol poisoning. Methylpyrazole for Toxic Alcohols Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1999 Mar 18;340(11):832-8. [Content Brief]
- [4]. Liu Y, et al. Neuron-mediated generation of regulatory T cells from encephalitogenic T cells suppresses EAE. Nat Med. 2006 May;12(5):518-25. [Content Brief]
- [5]. Paranjape AN, et al. Introduction of SV40ER and hTERT into mammospheres generates breast cancer cells with stem cell properties. Oncogene. 2012 Apr 12;31(15):1896-909. [Content Brief]
- [6]. Iancu-Rubin C, et al. Whirling Platelets Away for Transfusion. Cell. 2018 Jul 26;174(3):503-504. [Content Brief]
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PPAR Related Products (399)
Related Products (399)
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Balaglitazone (Standard)
0 ImagesSynonyms: DRF 2593 (Standard); NN 2344 (Standard)Balaglitazone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Balaglitazone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Balaglitazone is a selective partial PPARγ agonist with an EC50 of 1.351 μM for human PPARγ.
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GW7647 (Standard)
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-13861RCAS No.: 265129-71-3GW7647 (Standard) is the analytical standard of GW7647. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. GW7647 is a potent PPARα agonist, with EC50s of 6 nM, 1.1 μM, and 6.2 μM for human PPARα, PPARγ and PPARδ, respectively.
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Inolitazone dihydrochloride (Standard)
0 ImagesSynonyms: Efatutazone dihydrochloride (Standard); CS-7017 dihydrochloride (Standard); RS5444 dihydrochloride (Standard)Inolitazone (dihydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Inolitazone (dihydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Inolitazone dihydrochloride (Efatutazone dihydrochloride) is a novel high-affinity PPARγ agonist that is dependent upon PPARγ for its biological activity with IC50 of 0.8 nM for growth inhibition.
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Oroxylin A-7-O-glucuronide (Standard)
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-N2481RCAS No.: 36948-76-2Synonyms: Oroxyloside (Standard); Oroxylin A-7-O-β-D-glucuronide (Standard)Oroxylin A-7-O-glucuronide (Standard) is the analytical standard of Oroxylin A-7-O-glucuronide (HY-N2481). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Oroxylin A-7-O-glucuronide (oroxyloside) is an orally active flavonoid glucuronide and metabolite of Oroxylin A (HY-N0560). Oroxylin A-7-O-glucuronide can be extracted from the dried root of Scutellaria baicalensis. Oroxylin A-7-O-glucuronide exhibits prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitory activity. Oroxylin A-7-O-glucuronide inhibits the JNK pathway, upregulates PPARγ, and inhibits NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation. Oroxylin A-7-O-glucuronide reduces cytokine (IL-1β, IL-6) production. Oroxylin A-7-O-glucuronide exhibits anti-angiogenic, anti-tumor (glioma, liver cancer), anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective activities.
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Lyciumamide A
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-155704CAS No.: 1647111-40-7DPP-IV-IN-5 is isolated from the fruits of Lycium barbarum. DPP-IV-IN-5 exerts moderate agonistic activities for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ) with EC50 values of 10.09 - 44.26 μM and also presents inhibitory activity on dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPPIV) with an IC50 value of 47.13 μM .
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Cinnamyl Alcohol-d5
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-Y0078SCAS No.: 1044940-87-5
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T0070907 (Standard)
0 ImagesT0070907 (Standard) is the analytical standard of T0070907. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. T0070907 is a potent PPARγ antagonist with a Ki of 1 nM.
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DRF-2519 free base
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-125716CAS No.: 194713-46-7
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Foenumoside B
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-N11924CAS No.: 877661-00-2Foenumoside B is a triterpene saponin isolated from Lysimachia foenum-graecum. Foenumoside B activates AMPK signaling, inhibits PPARγ-induced adipogenesis, and shifts lipid metabolism toward lipolysis. Foenumoside B can be used in the study of obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases.
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Flurbiprofen axetil (Standard)
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-101481RCAS No.: 91503-79-6Flurbiprofen axetil (Standard) is the analytical standard of Flurbiprofen axetil. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Flurbiprofen axetil is a non-selective COX inhibitor and a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent with anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Flurbiprofen axetil inhibits basal-like breast cancer metastasis by inhibiting the MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Flurbiprofen axetil can promote neuroprotection after focal cerebral ischemia in rats by partially activating PPAR-γ. Flurbiprofen axetil alleviates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by reducing inflammation in a transient global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion rat model. Flurbiprofen axetil can alleviate inflammatory responses and cognitive function in a mild cognitive impairment (MCI) SD rat model through the AMPKα/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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GSK1820795A (Standard)
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-111616RCAS No.: 2650253-86-2GSK1820795A (Standard) is the analytical standard of GSK1820795A (HY-111616). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. GSK1820795A, as a telmisartan analog, is a selective hGPR132a antagonist. GSK1820795A blocks activation of yeast cells expressing hGPR132a by N-acylamides. GSK1820795A is also a angiotensin II antagonists and partial PPARγ agonists (compound 38).
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Pirinixic acid (Standard)
0 ImagesSynonyms: Wy-14643 (Standard)Pirinixic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Pirinixic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Pirinixic acid (Wy-14643) is a potent agonist of PPARα, with EC50s of 0.63 μM, 32 μM for murine PPARα and PPARγ, and 5.0 μM, 60 μM, 35 μM for human PPARα, PPARγ and PPARδ, respectively.
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(+)-Arhalofenate
0 ImagesSynonyms: (+)-MBX 102; (+)-JNJ 39659100(+)-Arhalofenate ((+)-MBX 102) is the less active enantiomer of Arhalofenate (HY-14831). Arhalofenate is a selective partial agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ, used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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RG-12525 (Standard)
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-101676RCAS No.: 120128-20-3Synonyms: NID 525 (Standard)RG-12525 (Standard) is the analytical standard of RG-12525 (HY-101676). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. RG-12525 is a a specific, competitive and orally effective antagonist of the peptidoleukotrienes, LTC4, LTD4 and LTE4, inhibiting LTC4-, LTD4- and LTE4-inducd guinea pig parenchymal strips contractions, with IC50s of 2.6 nM, 2.5 nM and 7 nM, respectively; RG-12525 is also a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist with IC50 of appr 60 nM and a potent inhibitor of CYP3A4, with a Ki value of 0.5 μM.
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Mifobate (Standard)
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-100277RCAS No.: 76541-72-5Synonyms: SR-202 (Standard)Mifobate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Mifobate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Mifobate (SR-202) is a potent and specific PPARγ antagonist. Mifobate (SR-202) selectively inhibits Thiazolidinedione (TZD)-induced PPARγ transcriptional activity (IC50=140 μM). Mifobate (SR-202) does not affect basal or ligand-stimulated transcriptional activity of PPARα, PPARβ, or the farnesoid X receptor (FXR). Mifobate (SR-202) shows antiobesity and antidiabetic effects.
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Phellopterin (Standard)
0 ImagesPhellopterin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Phellopterin. Phellopterin, an orally active furocoumarin with multiple biological activities. Phellopterin is a partial agonist of the central benzodiazepine receptors. Phellopterin exerts anti-inflammatory effects by upregulating SIRT1, downregulating ICAM-1 (reducing chronic inflammation, aiding diabetic ulcer healing), inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation (easing atopic dermatitis inflammation), regulating Akt/PKC pathways (lowering TNF-α-induced VCAM-1 to block monocyte adhesion), and inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB pathway and macrophage M2 polarization (alleviating colitis-related cancers). Phellopterin suppresses ovarian cancer progression via inhibiting the PU.1/CLEC5A/PI3K-AKT loop (inducing cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, DNA damage). Phellopterin alleviates murine diabetes by promoting adipocyte differentiation and increasing PPARγ. Phellopterin also has anti-HSV-1 activity. Phellopterin can be used for studying anti-inflammation, anti-cancer (e.g., ovarian cancer, colitis cancer), blood glucose lowering, anti-diabetes, and anti-virus.
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Sodium propionate-13C-1
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-B1773AS1CAS No.: 83587-76-2Sodium propionate-13C-1 is the 13C-labeled Propionate sodium (HY-B1773A). Sodium propionate is an orally active short-chain fatty acid. Sodium propionate can be produced by intestinal bacteria from the metabolism of dietary fiber. Sodium propionate increases PPAR-γ, inhibits NF-κB activation, and reduces COX-2 expression and NO production. Sodium propionate also induces Apoptosis and Autophagy. Sodium propionate reduces HSV-1-induced keratitis. Sodium propionate has anticancer effects against glioblastoma. Sodium propionate exhibits neuroprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. Sodium propionate can be used in the research of spinal cord injury and Alzheimer's disease.
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2-(Tetradecylthio)acetic acid (Standard)
0 ImagesSynonyms: Tetradecylthioacetic acid (Standard)2-(Tetradecylthio)acetic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of 2-(Tetradecylthio)acetic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 2-Tetradecylthio acetic acid is a pan-peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (pan-PPAR) activator. 2-Tetradecylthio acetic acid induces hypolipidemia. 2-Tetradecylthio acetic acid reduces plasma lipids and enhances hepatic fatty acid oxidation in rodents. 2-Tetradecylthio acetic acid increases the expression of genes involved in fatty acid uptake, activation, accumulation, and oxidation.
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Choline fenofibrate (Standard)
0 ImagesSynonyms: ABT-335 (Standard)Choline Fenofibrate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Choline Fenofibrate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Choline Fenofibrate (ABT-335), a choline salt of Fenofibric acid (HY-B0760), releases free Fenofibric acid in the gastrointestinal tract. Fenofibric acid is a PPAR activator with antihyperlipidemic effect.
