Art. -Nr.: HY-N0729

Linoleic acid

26 Cited Publications

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Based on 26 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Linoleic acid is a common polyunsaturated (PUFA) found in plant-based oils, nuts and seeds. Linoleic acid is a part of membrane phospholipids, and functions as a structural component to maintain a certain level of membrane fluidity of the transdermal water barrier of the epidermis. Linoleic acid induces red blood cells and hemoglobin damage via oxidative mechanism .

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Reinheit: 99.92%
CAS. Nr.: 60-33-3
Formel: C₁₈H₃₂O₂
Molecular Weight:280.45

Speicherung:

-20°C, protect from light, stored under nitrogen

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light, stored under nitrogen)

Linoleic acid Chemical Structure

CAS. Nr.: 60-33-3

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Biologische Aktivität
- Beschreibung
- Cellular Effect
- In Vitro
Chemical Information
Publications (26)
Lösungsmittel & Löslichkeit
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Reinheit & Dokumentation
Verweise
Help & FAQs
Classifications
Bioz

Biologische Aktivität

Beschreibung

Alle Endogenous Metabolite Isoform-spezifische Produkte anzeigen :

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
CHO	EC₅₀	1.8 μM Compound: Linoleic acid	Agonist activity at human GPR40 expressed in CHO cells assessed as calcium flux by FLIPR assay Agonist activity at human GPR40 expressed in CHO cells assessed as calcium flux by FLIPR assay	[PMID: 18993064]
CHO-K1	EC₅₀	0.54 μM Compound: Linoleic acid	Agonist activity at human GPR40 expressed in CHOK1 cells by fluorescence assay Agonist activity at human GPR40 expressed in CHOK1 cells by fluorescence assay	[PMID: 18993064]
HEK293	EC₅₀	4.8 μM Compound: linoleic acid	Agonist activity at human FFA1 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in intracellular Ca2+ flux by Fluo-4 dye based assay Agonist activity at human FFA1 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in intracellular Ca2+ flux by Fluo-4 dye based assay	[PMID: 30685095]
RBL-2H3	IC₅₀	>50 μM Compound: 2	Antiallergic activity in rat RBL2H3 cells assessed as inhibition of DNP-HSA-mediated degranulation by measuring decrease in beta-hexosaminidase activity preincubated for 30 mins followed by DNP-HSA stimulation and measured after 30 mins by 4-nitrophenyl 2 Antiallergic activity in rat RBL2H3 cells assessed as inhibition of DNP-HSA-mediated degranulation by measuring decrease in beta-hexosaminidase activity preincubated for 30 mins followed by DNP-HSA stimulation and measured after 30 mins by 4-nitrophenyl 2	[PMID: 31618024]

In Vitro

Linoleic acid contains unsaturated double bonds that are highly vulnerable to free radical attack and oxidation. If ROS are produced in great quantities, the body can no longer efficiently remove them. In such instances, ROS may be released into the extracellular space, causing damage to surrounding cells and tissues. Linoleic acid is a decomposition product of a free fatty acid and has been linked to erythrocyte damage^[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Chemical Information

CAS. Nr. 60-33-3
Appearance Liquid (Density: 0.902 g/cm³)
Molecular Weight 280.45
Formel C₁₈H₃₂O₂
Color Colorless to light yellow
SMILES

CCCCC/C=C\C/C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O
Structure Classification
- Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids
Initial Source
Versand

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Speicherung

-20°C, protect from light, stored under nitrogen

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light, stored under nitrogen)

Publications (26)

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Journal Impact Factor

Signal Transduct Target Ther

Selective depletion of tumor-associated SAMHD1 enhances chemotherapeutic efficacy and antitumor immune responses. [Abstract]

2025 Dec 15;10(1):406. PMID: 41392286
Nat Microbiol

Mycobacterium tuberculosis-derived linoleic acid increases regulatory T cell function to promote bacterial survival within macrophages. [Abstract]

2025 Nov;10(11):2949-2965. PMID: 41073667

Linoleic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Microbiol. 2025 Nov;10(11):2949-2965. [Abstract]

Naive CD4⁺ T cells were stimulated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies in the presence of IL-2 and TGFβ for 3 days and treated with DMSO or treated with Linoleic acid (100 μM) for 48 h. Linoleic acid promotes Ca²⁺-dependent CTLA-4 surface trafficking.
Autophagy

Lipophagy fuels phosphatidylcholine synthesis for Newcastle disease virus replication. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 11:1-18. PMID: 41810751
Redox Biol

Ferroptosis triggered by STAT1- IRF1-ACSL4 pathway was involved in radiation-induced intestinal injury. [Abstract]

2023 Oct:66:102857. PMID: 37611494
Gut Microbes

FABP4 in Paneth cells regulates antimicrobial protein expression to reprogram gut microbiota. [Abstract]

2022 Jan-Dec;14(1):2139978. PMID: 36519446
Gut Microbes

Combined berberine and probiotic treatment as an effective regimen for improving postprandial hyperlipidemia in type 2 diabetes patients: a double blinded placebo controlled randomized study. [Abstract]

Jan-Dec 2022;14(1):2003176. PMID: 34923903
Genes Dis

2026 Mar 19.
Food Sci Hum Wellness

2026 Mar 3.
J Anal Test

2024 Dec.
Cell Rep

A generalized strategy to kill leukemic cells by targeting the regulatory systems governing mitochondrial membrane potential. [Abstract]

2025 Nov 25;44(11):116496. PMID: 41166305
Cell Rep

Early-life vitamin B12 orchestrates lipid peroxidation to ensure reproductive success via SBP-1/SREBP1 in Caenorhabditis elegans. [Abstract]

2022 Sep 20;40(12):111381. PMID: 36130518
Chin Med

Berberine ameliorates high-fat diet-induced metabolic disorders through promoting gut Akkermansia and modulating bile acid metabolism. [Abstract]

2025 Nov 17;20(1):190. PMID: 41243097
Nutrients

Medium-Chain Fatty Acids Selectively Sensitize Cancer Cells to Ferroptosis by Inducing CD36 and ACSL4. [Abstract]

2025 Feb 25;17(5):794. PMID: 40077664
Eur J Pharmacol

Polyunsaturated fatty acids drive neutrophil extracellular trap formation in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. [Abstract]

2023 Apr 15:945:175618. PMID: 36841284
Neuropharmacology

Antibiotic-mediated gut microbiota depletion partially attenuates methamphetamine-induced reward and linoleic acid metabolic disturbance. [Abstract]

2026 May 13:296:111022. PMID: 42134644
ACS Omega

Identification of New Modulators and Inhibitors of Palmitoyl-Protein Thioesterase 1 for CLN1 Batten Disease and Cancer. [Abstract]

2024 Feb 28;9(10):11870-11882. PMID: 38496939
Mol Nutr Food Res

Consumption of Saturated Fatty Acids-Rich Lard Benefits Recovery of Experimental Arthritis by Activating PPAR-γ. [Abstract]

2023 Jan;67(2):e2200429. PMID: 36433679

Linoleic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Mol Nutr Food Res. 2023 Jan;67(2):e2200429. [Abstract]

Effects of PA and Linoleic acid (LA) (24 h) on IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α secretion in LPS-primed THP-1 cells with different PPAR-γ expression levels.

Linoleic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Mol Nutr Food Res. 2023 Jan;67(2):e2200429. [Abstract]

AIA was induced in male SD rats using above protocol. Fatty acid combinations and their administration volumes were designed as below: AIA+SF, SA (670 mg/kg/d) plus PA (310 mg/kg/d); AIA+USF, OA (1060 mg/kg/d) plus LA (450 mg/kg/d). Dynamic changes of metabolic indicators levels in plasma.

Linoleic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Mol Nutr Food Res. 2023 Jan;67(2):e2200429. [Abstract]

Anti-inflammatory properties of Linoleic acid (LA) in LPS-primed THP-1 monocytes, indicated by expression of p-p65, p65, TLR4, and PPAR-γ. THP-1 monocytes were stimulated with SF, USF (OA plus LA), or MF for 24 h with/without LPS (500 ng/mL). OA, 25 µM; LA, 15 µM.
iScience

ALDH3A2-mediated fatty acid synthesis induces ferroptosis and AML drug resistance. [Abstract]

2026 Jun 2;29(6):116202. PMID: 42291184
iScience

Transcriptomic investigation reveals a physiological mechanism for Beauveria bassiana to survive under linoleic acid stress. [Abstract]

2023 Apr 1;26(4):106551. PMID: 37102147
J Biol Chem

STAT3 activation of SCAP-SREBP-1 signaling upregulates fatty acid synthesis to promote tumor growth. [Abstract]

2024 Jun;300(6):107351. PMID: 38718868
J Biol Chem

Mitochondrial folate metabolism-mediated α-linolenic acid exhaustion masks liver fibrosis resolution. [Abstract]

2023 Jul;299(7):104909. PMID: 37307917
J Sci Food Agric

Uncovering key bioactive fatty acids from velvet antler extracts that promote healthspan and neuroprotection in Caenorhabditis elegans. [Abstract]

2025 Sep 24. PMID: 40994013
Biochem Biophys Res Commun

Medium-chain fatty acids activate fructose metabolism via up-regulating GLUT5-KHK axis. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 12:804:153358. PMID: 41619507
Eur J Lipid Sci Technol

2023 Feb 25.
bioRxiv

2025 Jun 16.
SSRN

2025 May 22.

Lösungsmittel & Löslichkeit

In Vitro:

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (356.57 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

0.1 M NaOH : 8.33 mg/mL (29.70 mM; ultrasonic and warming and adjust pH to 11 with NaOH and heat to 60°C)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

3.5657 mL

17.8285 mL

35.6570 mL

5 mM

0.7131 mL

3.5657 mL

7.1314 mL

10 mM

0.3566 mL

1.7828 mL

3.5657 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light, stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Molaritätsrechner

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Konzentration Konzentration

Volumen Volumen

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Verdünnungsrechner

Konzentration _{(Stammlösung)} × Volumen _{(Stammlösung)} = Konzentration _{(Ziellösung)} × Volumen _{(Ziellösung)}

Konzentration _{(Stammlösung)} Konzentration _{(Stammlösung)}

Volumen _{(Stammlösung)} Volumen _{(Stammlösung)}

Konzentration _{(Ziellösung)} Konzentration _{(Ziellösung)}

Volumen _{(Ziellösung)} Volumen _{(Ziellösung)}

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.91 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.91 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.91 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

%
DMSO +

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
%
+
+
%
Tween-80 + +
%
Saline +

The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

Reinheit & Dokumentation

Select Batch:

Reinheit: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (267 KB)
SDS (396 KB)
- English - EN (396 KB)
- Français - FR (396 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (396 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (396 KB)
- Español - ES (396 KB)
- Swedish - SV (396 KB)
- Italian - IT (396 KB)
- Korean - KR (396 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (396 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

Verweise

[1]. Jay Whelan. Linoleic Acid. Adv Nutr. 2013 May; 4(3): 311–312. [Content Brief]

[2]. Yuan T, et al. Linoleic acid induces red blood cells and hemoglobin damage via oxidative mechanism. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2015 May 1;8(5):5044-52. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
0.1 M NaOH / DMSO	1 mM	3.5657 mL	17.8285 mL	35.6570 mL	89.1424 mL
	5 mM	0.7131 mL	3.5657 mL	7.1314 mL	17.8285 mL
	10 mM	0.3566 mL	1.7828 mL	3.5657 mL	8.9142 mL
	15 mM	0.2377 mL	1.1886 mL	2.3771 mL	5.9428 mL
	20 mM	0.1783 mL	0.8914 mL	1.7828 mL	4.4571 mL
	25 mM	0.1426 mL	0.7131 mL	1.4263 mL	3.5657 mL
DMSO	30 mM	0.1189 mL	0.5943 mL	1.1886 mL	2.9714 mL
	40 mM	0.0891 mL	0.4457 mL	0.8914 mL	2.2286 mL
	50 mM	0.0713 mL	0.3566 mL	0.7131 mL	1.7828 mL
	60 mM	0.0594 mL	0.2971 mL	0.5943 mL	1.4857 mL
	80 mM	0.0446 mL	0.2229 mL	0.4457 mL	1.1143 mL
	100 mM	0.0357 mL	0.1783 mL	0.3566 mL	0.8914 mL

Keywords

Linoleic acid

26 Cited Publications

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Linoleic acid

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Cosmetic Ingredient Compound Library

Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Linoleic acid

Alle Endogenous Metabolite Isoform-spezifische Produkte anzeigen

Biologische Aktivität

Chemical Information

Publications (26)

Lösungsmittel & Löslichkeit

Reinheit & Dokumentation

Verweise

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Linoleic acid

MCE Bioactive Compound Library

Natural Product Library Plus

Drug Repurposing Compound Library Plus

FDA-Approved Drug Library Plus

Cosmetic Ingredient Compound Library

Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Linoleic acid

Alle Endogenous Metabolite Isoform-spezifische Produkte anzeigen

Biologische Aktivität

Chemical Information

Publications (26)

Lösungsmittel & Löslichkeit

Reinheit & Dokumentation

Verweise

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Linoleic acid Related Classifications

HY-N0729 Related Classifications