Art. -Nr.: HY-B0143

Niacin

Name: Niacin
Brand: MedChemExpress
SKU: HY-B0143
Price: 55.00 USD
Availability: InStock
Rating: 5 (13 reviews)

(Synonyms: Nicotinic acid; Vitamin B3)

13 Cited Publications

Kundenbewertung

Based on 13 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Niacin (Vitamin B3) is an orally active water-soluble B3 vitamin that is an essential nutrient for humans. Niacin (Vitamin B3) plays a key role in energy metabolism, cell signaling cascades regulating gene expression and apoptosis. Niacin (Vitamin B3) is also used in the study of cardiovascular diseases.

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Reinheit : 99.96%
CAS. Nr.: 59-67-6
Formel: C₆H₅NO₂
Molecular Weight:123.11

Speicherung:

Store at room temperature 3 years.

In solvent -80°C, 1 year , -20°C, 6 months

Niacin Chemical Structure

CAS. Nr.: 59-67-6

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Top Publications Citing

Use of MCE Products

Fluorescent Dye

Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Biologische Aktivität
- Beschreibung
- IC₅₀ & Target
- Cellular Effect
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Chemical Information
Publications (13)
Lösungsmittel & Löslichkeit
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Protokoll (7)
Reinheit & Dokumentation
Verweise
Help & FAQs
Classifications
Bioz

Biologische Aktivität

Beschreibung

IC₅₀ & Target

Microbial Metabolite

Human Endogenous Metabolite

Alle Endogenous Metabolite Isoform-spezifische Produkte anzeigen :

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
A-431	EC₅₀	0.73 μM Compound: Niacin	Activation of GPR109A in human A431 cells assessed as suppression of forskolin-induced cAMP production after 30 mins Activation of GPR109A in human A431 cells assessed as suppression of forskolin-induced cAMP production after 30 mins	[PMID: 26784936]
Adipocyte	EC₅₀	0.9 μM Compound: NA	Inhibition of isoproterenol-induced lipolysis in human subcutaneous adipocytes after 5 hrs Inhibition of isoproterenol-induced lipolysis in human subcutaneous adipocytes after 5 hrs	[PMID: 17452318]
Adipocyte	IC₅₀	0.06 μM Compound: Niacin	Antidyslipidemic activity in human adipocytes assessed as inhibition of isoproteranol-induced production of free fatty acids Antidyslipidemic activity in human adipocytes assessed as inhibition of isoproteranol-induced production of free fatty acids	[PMID: 20363624]
Adipocyte	IC₅₀	0.07 μM Compound: Niacin	Inhibition of lipolysis in IBMX-stimulated human adipocytes assessed as glycerol release after 5 hrs Inhibition of lipolysis in IBMX-stimulated human adipocytes assessed as glycerol release after 5 hrs	[PMID: 19309152]
Adipocyte	IC₅₀	0.08 μM Compound: Niacin	Inhibition of lipolysis in human adipocytes assessed as free glycerol level Inhibition of lipolysis in human adipocytes assessed as free glycerol level	[PMID: 20452209]
CCRF-CEM	IC₅₀	>500 μM Compound: Niacin	Cytotoxicity against human CEM cells assessed as growth inhibition after 72 hrs by coulter counter method Cytotoxicity against human CEM cells assessed as growth inhibition after 72 hrs by coulter counter method	[PMID: 28238612]
CHO	EC₅₀	0.027 μM Compound: Niacin	Agonist activity at GPR109a expressed in CHO cells assessed as inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cAMP production by HTRF assay Agonist activity at GPR109a expressed in CHO cells assessed as inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cAMP production by HTRF assay	[PMID: 20363624]
CHO	EC₅₀	0.12 μM Compound: niacin	Activity at GPR109a in CHO cells assessed as inhibition of forskolin-induced cAMP generation Activity at GPR109a in CHO cells assessed as inhibition of forskolin-induced cAMP generation	[PMID: 17358052]
CHO	EC₅₀	1 μM Compound: nicotinic acid	Agonist activity at human GPR109A receptor expressed in CHO cells by [35S]GTPgammaS binding assay Agonist activity at human GPR109A receptor expressed in CHO cells by [35S]GTPgammaS binding assay	[PMID: 18752940]
CHO	EC₅₀	100 nM Compound: Nicotinic acid	Agonist activity at human recombinant GPR109a expressed in CHO cells assessed as inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation Agonist activity at human recombinant GPR109a expressed in CHO cells assessed as inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation	[PMID: 24900295]
CHO	EC₅₀	51 nM Compound: niacin, Niaspan	Agonist activity at human GPR109a expressed in CHO cells assessed as decrease in forskolin-stimulated cAMP production by HTRF assay Agonist activity at human GPR109a expressed in CHO cells assessed as decrease in forskolin-stimulated cAMP production by HTRF assay	[PMID: 22435740]
CHO	EC₅₀	99 nM Compound: NA, niacin	Agonist activity at human recombinant GPR109a expressed in CHO cells assessed as inhibition of forskolin-induced cAMP accumulation Agonist activity at human recombinant GPR109a expressed in CHO cells assessed as inhibition of forskolin-induced cAMP accumulation	[PMID: 24900372]
CHO	IC₅₀	0.14 μM Compound: niacin	Displacement of [3H]Niacin from human niacin receptor expressed in CHO cells Displacement of [3H]Niacin from human niacin receptor expressed in CHO cells	[PMID: 18477506]
CHO	IC₅₀	0.14 μM Compound: Niacin	Displacement of [3H]niacin from human GPR109A expressed in CHO cells Displacement of [3H]niacin from human GPR109A expressed in CHO cells	[PMID: 19309152]
CHO	IC₅₀	0.15 μM Compound: nicotinic acid	Displacement of [3H]nicotinic acid from human GPR109A receptor expressed in CHO cells Displacement of [3H]nicotinic acid from human GPR109A receptor expressed in CHO cells	[PMID: 18752940]
CHO	IC₅₀	1 μM Compound: niacin	Agonist activity at human niacin receptor expressed in CHO cells by GTPgammaS binding assay Agonist activity at human niacin receptor expressed in CHO cells by GTPgammaS binding assay	[PMID: 18477506]
CHO-K1	EC₅₀	1 μM Compound: niacin	Agonist activity at human GPR109A expressed in CHOK1 cells by [35S]GTP-gamma-S binding assay Agonist activity at human GPR109A expressed in CHOK1 cells by [35S]GTP-gamma-S binding assay	[PMID: 17994679]
CHO-K1	EC₅₀	1 μM Compound: Niacin	Agonist activity at human GPR109A expressed in CHOK1 cells by [35S]GTPgammaS binding assay Agonist activity at human GPR109A expressed in CHOK1 cells by [35S]GTPgammaS binding assay	[PMID: 19309152]
CHO-K1	EC₅₀	1.4 μM Compound: nicotinic acid	Agonist activity at human GPR109A receptor expressed in CHO-K1 cells by [35S]GTPgammaS guanine nucleotide exchange assay Agonist activity at human GPR109A receptor expressed in CHO-K1 cells by [35S]GTPgammaS guanine nucleotide exchange assay	[PMID: 18760600]
CHO-K1	EC₅₀	47 nM Compound: Nicotinic acid	Agonist activity at HCA2 receptor (unknown origin) expressed in CHOK1 cells assessed as ERK1/2 phosphorylation by ELISA Agonist activity at HCA2 receptor (unknown origin) expressed in CHOK1 cells assessed as ERK1/2 phosphorylation by ELISA	[PMID: 25737085]
CHO-K1	EC₅₀	527 nM Compound: NA	Agonist activity at cloned human GPR109A receptor expressed in CHO-K1 cells by [35S]GTPgammaS binding assay Agonist activity at cloned human GPR109A receptor expressed in CHO-K1 cells by [35S]GTPgammaS binding assay	[PMID: 20184326]
CHO-K1	EC₅₀	580 nM Compound: NA	Activation of GPR109A receptor in CHOK1 cells assessed as ERK1/2 MAP kinase activation by ELISA Activation of GPR109A receptor in CHOK1 cells assessed as ERK1/2 MAP kinase activation by ELISA	[PMID: 17452318]
CHO-K1	IC₅₀	0.13 μM Compound: nicotinic acid	Displacement of [3H]nicotinic acid from human GPR109A receptor expressed in CHO-K1 cells Displacement of [3H]nicotinic acid from human GPR109A receptor expressed in CHO-K1 cells	[PMID: 18760600]
CHO-K1	IC₅₀	67.3 μM Compound: NA	Agonist activity at GPR109A receptor expressed in CHOK1 cells assessed as inhibition of forskolin-induced intracellular cAMP production by Flashplate assay Agonist activity at GPR109A receptor expressed in CHOK1 cells assessed as inhibition of forskolin-induced intracellular cAMP production by Flashplate assay	[PMID: 17452318]
COS-7	EC₅₀	0.78 μM Compound: 3	Agonist activity at human recombinant GPR109a transfected in african green monkey COS-7 cells after 20 mins by [35S]GTPgammaS binding assay Agonist activity at human recombinant GPR109a transfected in african green monkey COS-7 cells after 20 mins by [35S]GTPgammaS binding assay	[PMID: 24900524]
HEK293	IC₅₀	>500 μM Compound: niacin	Inhibition of human MATE1-mediated ASP+ uptake expressed in HEK293 cells after 1.5 mins by fluorescence assay Inhibition of human MATE1-mediated ASP+ uptake expressed in HEK293 cells after 1.5 mins by fluorescence assay	[PMID: 23241029]
HEK-293T	EC₅₀	5 μM Compound: Niacin	Agonist activity at GPR109A receptor (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293T cell membranes after 30 mins by [35S]GTPgammaS binding based microbeta scintillation counting analysis Agonist activity at GPR109A receptor (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293T cell membranes after 30 mins by [35S]GTPgammaS binding based microbeta scintillation counting analysis	[PMID: 32199732]
HEK-293T	IC₅₀	249 nM Compound: Nicotinic acid	Displacement of [3H]-nicotinic acid from N-flag-tagged human HCA2 receptor expressed in HEK293T cell membranes by scintillation counting analysis Displacement of [3H]-nicotinic acid from N-flag-tagged human HCA2 receptor expressed in HEK293T cell membranes by scintillation counting analysis	[PMID: 25737085]
HL-60	CC₅₀	>200 μM Compound: Niacin	Cytotoxicity against human HL60 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HL60 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 28238612]
HSC-2	CC₅₀	>200 μM Compound: Niacin	Cytotoxicity against human HSC2 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HSC2 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 28238612]
HSC-3	CC₅₀	>200 μM Compound: Niacin	Cytotoxicity against human HSC3 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HSC3 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 28238612]
HSC-4	CC₅₀	>200 μM Compound: Niacin	Cytotoxicity against human HSC4 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HSC4 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 28238612]
L1210	IC₅₀	>500 μM Compound: Niacin	Cytotoxicity against mouse L1210 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 48 hrs by coulter counter method Cytotoxicity against mouse L1210 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 48 hrs by coulter counter method	[PMID: 28238612]

In Vitro

Niacin (0-900 μM, 42 hours) significantly increases GSH levels and decreases ROS levels, and affects the expression of genes related to apoptosis and lipid metabolism^[1].
Niacin (0-40 μM, 24 hours) can inhibit cancer invasive activity at low dose but with no influence on proliferation^[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only. Further protocols information, click here.

RT-PCR^[1]

View Protocol

Cell Line:

Cumulus cells and oocytes of prepubertal gilts
Concentration:

600 μM
Incubation Time:

42 hours
Result:

Up-regulated the relative expression of the anti-apoptotic gene BCL2 and lipid metabolism gene ACACA while down-regulated the pro-apoptotic gene BAX.

Cell Proliferation Assay^[2]

View Protocol

Cell Line:

Rat ascites hepatoma cell line of AH109A
Concentration:

0-40 μM
Incubation Time:

24 hours
Result:

Had no effect on the proliferation of AH109A cells but suppressed cell invasion from 2.5 μM to 40 μM.

In Vivo

Niacin (subcutaneous injection, 3-300 mg/kg, once) can induce vasodilation in a dose-dependent manner within minutes in male C57BL/6 mice^[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:

Male C57BL/6 mice^[3]
Dosage:

3-300 mg/kg
Administration:

Subcutaneous injection; once
Result:

Induced vasodilation in a dose-dependent manner.

Chemical Information

CAS. Nr. 59-67-6
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 123.11
Formel C₆H₅NO₂
Color White to off-white
SMILES

O=C(C1=CC=CN=C1)O
Synonyms

Nicotinic acid; Vitamin B3
Structure Classification
- Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids
Initial Source
- Microorganisms
Versand

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Speicherung

Store at room temperature 3 years

In solvent	-80°C	1 year
	-20°C	6 months

Publications (13)

All Histological Imaging/StainingWBELISAIn Vivo Efficacy Study

Sort by:

Journal Impact Factor

Mil Med Res

Propionate and butyrate attenuate macrophage pyroptosis and osteoclastogenesis induced by CoCrMo alloy particles. [Abstract]

2022 Aug 23;9(1):46. PMID: 35996168

Niacin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Mil Med Res. 2022 Aug 23;9(1):46. [Abstract]

BMDMs (LPS-primed) were treated with propionate (C3, 3 mmol/L), butyrate (C4, 0.5 mmol/L), TSA (50 nmol/L), Panobinostat (25 nmol/L), AR42062 (25 μmol/L), 4-CMTB (100 μmol/L), and niacin (1 mmol/L; 6 h) and then stimulated with CoCrMo alloy particles.
Autophagy

2026 Aug 3:1-27. PMID: 42529830
Mol Cell

Biased allosteric activation of ketone body receptor HCAR2 suppresses inflammation. [Abstract]

2023 Sep 7;83(17):3171-3187.e7. PMID: 37597514
Gut Microbes

Therapeutic potential of Clostridium butyricum anticancer effects in colorectal cancer. [Abstract]

2023 Jan-Dec;15(1):2186114. PMID: 36941257
J Nanobiotechnology

The ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate alleviates CoCrMo alloy particles induced osteolysis by regulating NLRP3 inflammasome and osteoclast differentiation. [Abstract]

2022 Mar 9;20(1):120. PMID: 35264201

Niacin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Nanobiotechnology. 2022 Mar 9;20(1):120. [Abstract]

BMDMs (LPS-primed) were treated with different doses of BHB, Niacin (100 μM; 6 h), TSA (50 nM), and LBH589 (25 nM) and stimulated with CoCrMo particles. Supernatants were collected for Caspase-1 and IL-1β detection by western blot.

Niacin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Nanobiotechnology. 2022 Mar 9;20(1):120. [Abstract]

BMDMs (LPS-primed) were treated with different doses of BHB, Niacin (100 μM; 6 h), TSA (50 nM), and LBH589 (25 nM) and stimulated with CoCrMo particles. IL-1β was analyzed by ELISA in the supernatants.
J Pharm Anal

2026 Mar 19.
Cell Rep

Structural basis for ligand recognition of the human hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor HCAR3. [Abstract]

2024 Nov 26;43(11):114895. PMID: 39427321
Commun Biol

Bacterial PncA improves diet-induced NAFLD in mice by enabling the transition from nicotinamide to nicotinic acid. [Abstract]

2023 Mar 2;6(1):235. PMID: 36864222

Niacin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Commun Biol. 2023 Mar 2;6(1):235. [Abstract]

Niacin (400 mg/kg/day). Body weight of mice during the experiment after supplementation with the MCD diet decreased gradually.
Int J Mol Sci

Rebamipide Induces Hair Regeneration Through EP4-Driven Lipid Metabolism Remodeling. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 18;26(20):10132. PMID: 41155424

Niacin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Oct 18;26(20):10132. [Abstract]

Seven-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were shaved and treated topically with vehicle, 3% rebamipide, 0.5% niacin (NA, lipolysis inhibitor), 0.05% rosiglitazone (RSG, PPARγ agonist), or combination therapies for 26 days (n = 6 for each group). Photographs were taken on day 26 post-treatment. H&E staining of skin sections revealed hair follicle morphology. Ki67 immunofluorescent staining showed that rebamipide-induced hair regeneration was inhibited by NA and RSG.
Int Immunopharmacol

Early-life antibiotic dysbiosis impairs microbial tryptophan- nicotinic acid metabolism exacerbating food allergy in adulthood. [Abstract]

2025 Jun 26:159:114888. PMID: 40403504
Mol Neurobiol

Brain Immune Cell Infiltration and Serum Metabolomic Characteristics Reveal that Lauric Acid Promotes Immune Cell Infiltration in Brain and Streptococcus suis Meningitis in Mice. [Abstract]

2024 Nov;61(11):9302-9319. PMID: 38625620
Glia

The ketone body metabolite β-hydroxybutyrate induces an antidepression-associated ramification of microglia via HDACs inhibition-triggered Akt-small RhoGTPase activation. [Abstract]

2018 Feb;66(2):256-278. PMID: 29058362

Niacin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Glia. 2018 Feb;66(2):256-278. [Abstract]

Representative images and quantitative analysis showing the effects of Niacin (1 mM, 10 min) and MK-6892 (10 lM, 10 min) on Akt phosphorylation levels in primary cultured microglia.
bioRxiv

2023 Mar 29.

Lösungsmittel & Löslichkeit

In Vitro:

DMSO : 50 mg/mL (406.14 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

H₂O : 10 mg/mL (81.23 mM; Need ultrasonic)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

8.1228 mL

40.6141 mL

81.2282 mL

5 mM

1.6246 mL

8.1228 mL

16.2456 mL

10 mM

0.8123 mL

4.0614 mL

8.1228 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Molaritätsrechner

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Konzentration Konzentration

Volumen Volumen

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Verdünnungsrechner

Konzentration _{(Stammlösung)} × Volumen _{(Stammlösung)} = Konzentration _{(Ziellösung)} × Volumen _{(Ziellösung)}

Konzentration _{(Stammlösung)} Konzentration _{(Stammlösung)}

Volumen _{(Stammlösung)} Volumen _{(Stammlösung)}

Konzentration _{(Ziellösung)} Konzentration _{(Ziellösung)}

Volumen _{(Ziellösung)} Volumen _{(Ziellösung)}

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: 2.08 mg/mL (16.90 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic

This protocol yields a suspended solution of 2.08 mg/mL. Suspended solution can be used for oral and intraperitoneal injection.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (16.90 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (16.90 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:

It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.

The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: PBS

Solubility: 12.5 mg/mL (101.54 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

%
DMSO +

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
%
+
+
%
Tween-80 + +
%
Saline +

The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

Protokoll

All Molecular Biology Cell Biology Signal Pathway Related

RT-PCR
Reverse transcription technology uses RNA as a template to synthesize DNA. RT-PCR is simple, specific and sensitive, and can be used to detect gene expression levels and expression differences in cells; detect RNA virus content; clone cDNA sequences of specific genes.
RNA extraction experimental
By lysing cells, releasing RNA, and removing impurities such as proteins and DNA, high-purity RNA products are finally obtained. The commonly used traditional method is the guanidine isothiocyanate/phenol/chloroform method (Trizol), which is suitable for a variety of animal materials including animal tissues, microorganisms, cultured cells, etc., and most plant materials.
Detection of Apoptosis
Apoptosis, also called programmed cell death, is generally characterized by distinct morphological characteristics.
TUNEL staining for apoptotic DNA fragmentation
TUNEL staining detects DNA strand breaks by using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase to add labeled nucleotides to exposed 3′-OH DNA termini, generating either microscopic staining in fixed cells or tissue sections, or fluorescence/cytometric signal in cell suspensions. TUNEL positivity reflects DNA fragmentation but should not be interpreted alone as definitive apoptosis, because TUNEL can also label necrotic, autolytic, mechanically damaged, or DNA-repair-associated DNA breaks.
Annexin V plus membrane-impermeant dye apoptosis staining
Annexin V-based apoptosis assays rely on the detection of phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization from the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane to the outer leaflet, an early biochemical hallmark of apoptosis. Fluorescently labeled Annexin V binds PS in a calcium-dependent manner, enabling identification of early apoptotic cells by flow cytometry or fluorescence microscopy. When combined with a membrane-impermeant DNA-binding dye (e. g. , propidium iodide), this approach allows discrimination between viable (Annexin V−/dye−), early apoptotic (Annexin V+/dye−), and late apoptotic or necrotic (Annexin V+/dye+) cell populations by assessing membrane integrity and PS exposure.
Apoptosis Solutions
Apoptosis is a regulated, generally non-lytic cell-death pathway that removes unwanted, damaged, infected, or abnormal cells through coordinated morphological changes, caspase activation, DNA fragmentation, and membrane remodeling. The intrinsic apoptosis pathway is controlled mainly by mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, BCL-2 family proteins, cytochrome c release, apoptosome formation, caspase-9 activation, and downstream executioner caspase-3/7 activation. The extrinsic apoptosis pathway is initiated by death receptors such as Fas, TNFR, and TRAIL receptors, which recruit adaptor proteins and activate caspase-8 before engaging executioner caspases or mitochondrial amplification through BID cleavage. Apoptosis is linked to many phenotypes, including cancer cell killing, tissue homeostasis, immune regulation, neurodegeneration, infection response, and treatment-induced cytotoxicity; unresolved questions include how apoptosis interacts with necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptos
Real Time qPCR (Q-PCR)
Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) quantifies an amplifiable nucleic-acid target by monitoring fluorescence during PCR cycling rather than measuring product only after amplification. The increase in fluorescence tracks accumulation of PCR product, and the quantification cycle (Cq; historically also Ct/CP) is related to the initial amount of target: samples containing more starting target generally reach the defined fluorescence threshold in fewer cycles.

Reinheit & Dokumentation

Select Batch:

Reinheit: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

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COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

Verweise

[1]. Areeg M Almubarak, et al. Supplementation with Niacin during in vitro maturation improves the quality of porcine embryos. Theriogenology. 2021 Jul 15;169:36-46. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.04.005. Epub 2021 Apr 18. [Content Brief]

[2]. Nobuhiro Hirakawa, et al. Anti-invasive activity of niacin and trigonelline against cancer cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2005 Mar;69(3):653-8. [Content Brief]

[3]. Kang Cheng, et al. Antagonism of the prostaglandin D2 receptor 1 suppresses nicotinic acid-induced vasodilation in mice and humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Apr 25;103(17):6682-7. [Content Brief]

[4]. Bruckert E, et al. Meta-analysis of the effect of nicotinic acid alone or in combination on cardiovascular events and atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis. 2010 Jun;210(2):353-61. [Content Brief]

[5]. Wan P, et al. Pellagra: a review with emphasis on photosensitivity. Br J Dermatol. 2011 Jun;164(6):1188-200. [Content Brief]

[6]. Ishii N, et al. Pellagra among chronic alcoholics: clinical and pathological study of 20 necropsy cases. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1981 Mar;44(3):209-15. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
H₂O / DMSO	1 mM	8.1228 mL	40.6141 mL	81.2282 mL	203.0704 mL
	5 mM	1.6246 mL	8.1228 mL	16.2456 mL	40.6141 mL
	10 mM	0.8123 mL	4.0614 mL	8.1228 mL	20.3070 mL
	15 mM	0.5415 mL	2.7076 mL	5.4152 mL	13.5380 mL
	20 mM	0.4061 mL	2.0307 mL	4.0614 mL	10.1535 mL
	25 mM	0.3249 mL	1.6246 mL	3.2491 mL	8.1228 mL
	30 mM	0.2708 mL	1.3538 mL	2.7076 mL	6.7690 mL
	40 mM	0.2031 mL	1.0154 mL	2.0307 mL	5.0768 mL
	50 mM	0.1625 mL	0.8123 mL	1.6246 mL	4.0614 mL
	60 mM	0.1354 mL	0.6769 mL	1.3538 mL	3.3845 mL
	80 mM	0.1015 mL	0.5077 mL	1.0154 mL	2.5384 mL
DMSO	100 mM	0.0812 mL	0.4061 mL	0.8123 mL	2.0307 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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Niacin

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Niacin

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